Introduction
DigiNotar was a Dutch organization responsible for generation and issuing of Digital Certificates. The Digital certificates are basically used for securing the web traffic and it’s identification.
The organization was a victim of a security breach in August 2011. This security breach enabled the attackers to access the company’s certificate signing servers and duplicate certificates for legitimate companies. This case will be discussed in the following sections to understand the underlying factors in the domain of Information Security Management.
1. Background/Understanding the DigiNotar incident
It was detected on 29th August 2011 that DigiNotar issued a fraudulent security certificate for Google.com due to a security breach. This resulted in a more detailed examination performed by the security consultancy named Fox-IT, revealing that DigiNotar was expected to have been hacked on around 6th June, which was almost a month before the hackers had started publishing the fraudulent certificates. The hackers reportedly accessed the compromised systems in order to issue the SSL(Secure Sockets Layer) certificates for a number of domains including Google, Skype, Microsoft etc. between the time period of 10th July and 20th July. DigiNotar informed about the security breach almost a month after the breach and started to revoke certificates on 19th July. Specifically the Google certificate, which was responsible for code signing was revoked only on 29th July.
This security compromise was exploited in parts for different purposes. The main affects of the security compromise came on the Iranian internet users. Reportedly 300000 user’s Google mail accounts were intercepted using the certificates used by hackers due to the securit...
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...ng to Fox-IT, attackers used a combination of existing software tools with tools and scripts especially developed specially for this attack. Some similarities could also be observed to the attack in Comodo to DigiNotar in terms of the signatures left on at least one of the scripts in both the cases. ‘[1]
3. Timeline of the security breach
The breach at DigiNotar resulted in issuance of hundreds of falsified certificates. The company identified the breach only after weeks and few fake certificates were then revoked but even then, the breach wasn’t notified. Beyond 4th August 2011, users were duped into thinking that they were connecting to the Google. When the fake certificates were identified, an official investigation was started that revealed severe lack of security measures in the company.
The time-line for the breach denoting the major events is as follows-
For this final paper, I would like to discuss the historical failures that came into light when Mr. Clifford Stoll (the author of “Cuckoo’s Egg: Tracking a spy through the Maze of Computer Espionage” book) stumbled upon a $ 0.75 accounting error and the revelations that followed, its potential findings, risks and costs associated and why it is important to address and fix those security holes. Cuckoo’s Egg is an interesting read and the author was successful in presenting to his readers the picture of beginning of Internet days (arpanet, then), network practices then. Despite of the fact that this book describes a real incident that in 1980’s, some of the findings are relevant and torment us even today.
Since the internet's inception in China, regulations have been in place in order to protect “state secrets”. The first such law was the “Safety and Protection Regulations for Computer Information Systems”1 put into place in 1994. This law opened the door for monitoring of Internet usage for criminal and other activities. In 1997, the “Computer Information Network and Internet Security, Protection and Management Regulations” strengthened the monitoring by requiring all Internet Service Providers in China to turn over monthly Internet traffic data to government’s Public Security Bureau. The new millennium ushe...
I found three different e-commerce companies that have recently encountered a consumer privacy data breach. Target one of the most well-known breaches affected almost 40 million people, Evernote Corp. an online note-taking service, and LivingSocial a company which offers gift certificates for customers to use in different cities around the globe. In this paper I will be discussing what happened and how each company handled the different situations that they encountered.
Computer crime has been an issue since the beginning of computers. Wherever there is something good, there is always someone who takes advantage of it. This can be seen in cyber crime, which has been on the rise in recent years. According to the Los Angeles Times, the median cost of computer crime to a company per year has risen from $3.8 million dollars in 2010 to $5.9 million. (Rodriguez, 2011) This suggests that computer crime is becoming an even bigger hazard to companies. A recent example of this was the data breach committed against Target in 2013.
Kerner, S. (2014). Even Before Heartbleed, Improper Use of SSL Put Users at Risk. Eweek, 2. Retrieved April 22, 2014, from EBSCO
"Poetry is the revelation of a feeling that the poet believes to be interior and personal [but] which the reader recognizes as his own." (Salvatore Quasimodo). There is something about the human spirit that causes us to rejoice in shared experience. We can connect on a deep level with our fellow man when we believe that somehow someone else understands us as they relate their own joys and hardships; and perhaps nowhere better is this relationship expressed than in that of the poet and his reader. For the current assignment I had the privilege (and challenge) of writing an imitation of William Shakespeare’s "Sonnet 87". This poem touched a place in my heart because I have actually given this sonnet to someone before as it then communicated my thoughts and feelings far better than I could. For this reason, Sonnet 87 was an easy choice for this project, although not quite so easy an undertaking as I endeavored to match Shakespeare’s structure and bring out his themes through similar word choice.
Truth and honesty are key elements to a good, healthy relationship. However, in Shakespeare's Sonnet 138, the key to a healthy relationship between the speaker and the Dark Lady is keeping up the lies they have constructed for one another. Through wordplay Shakespeare creates different levels of meaning, in doing this, he shows the nature of truth and flattery in relationships.
The conceit, characterization and tone of the one hundred and forty third sonnet make this particular sonnet interesting to analyze. The collection of sonnets was written by William Shakespeare around the mid-1590s and published by Thomas Thorpe in 1609. “Sonnet 143” describes a woman who "sets down her babe and makes all swift dispatch." Her attention has been restrained by the idea of taking possession of a feathered creature that has run away (line 3). In this sonnet, Shakespeare creates a rivalry of role-play between a man in pursuit of a woman, who is compared to a housewife and a mother, and the love interest the woman in pursuing. The speaker is in desperate pursuit of the housewife, like a child who wishes to be pacified and kissed
As a patriot of this great nation, what has been presented is of extreme if not grave concern. The challenges of cyberculture to our nation’s security have been revealed . To what extent our security has been breached is a matter of speculation but be informed that these breaches must be met with complete counter active success - failure to do so is not an option.
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...Schiller, Dane. "Hackers Threaten to Reveal Cartel." Beaumont Enterprise: A.6 ProQuest HHHHCentral. Oct 30 2011. Web. 21 Nov. 2011
The love that a person has for someone is not the same for other people. They can look at their love through nature or just by their beauty. Shakespeare has the ability to explain his love for someone by using nature as a reference. Looking at two of Shakespeare’s sonnets 18 and 130 explore the differences and similarities between one another. In Sonnet 18 and 130, both show Shakespeare’s knowledge in developing his love and respect.
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Recall back to the incident happened in 3 years ago, our government websites had been hacked after received the message from “Anonymous” ...