"Unemployment and Underemployment." State of Working America. Economic Policy Institute, n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014.
"Macroeconomics/Employment and Unemployment." Macroeconomics/Employment and Unemployment - Wikibooks, Open Books for an Open World. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 July 2017.
According to Livermore (2008), people who are actively looking for work but are not currently in a contractual arrangement are considered unemployed. Since the recession in 2007, unemployment has been an ongoing problem in America. Many companies were laying off thousands of employees because they could not pay them. As of September 2011, the South and the West has the highest concentration of unemployment. Nevada has the highest jobless rate, 13.4%, followed by California with 12.1% (Cooper, 2011). The collapse of the housing bubble left Nevada with high rates of unemployment. South Carolina’s unemployment rate is 11.1% and is the fourth highest in the nation (Cooper, 2011). Most people had a hard time finding work because they were not familiar with filling out applications online; especially if they had been working for 30 years at the same company (Alpert, 2011). The labor market is governed by the laws of supply and demand. There are policies that address labor supply and labor demand.
“The long-term unemployed: The ravages of time.” The Economist. 1 October 2011. n.p. Web. 29
There are three major types of unemployment which are structural, frictional, and cyclical. All three categories explain the many reasons why a person might be out of work in an economic system.
Sexton, R. L. (2008). Exploring economics (4. ed., International student ed.). Mason, OH: Thomson, South-Western.
The first form of unemployment is frictional unemployment. It arises because workers seeking better opportunities do not find them immediately. While looking for work they are counted as unemployed. The same concept is also applied to new graduate students that are looking for jobs.
Kroon, George E. Macroeconomics The Easy Way. New York: Barron’s Educational Series, Inc., 2007. Print.
The largest cause of unemployment can be attributed to recession. The term recession refers to the backward movement of the economy for a long period. People spend only when they have to. (Nagle 2009). With people spending less there would be less money in circulation therefore, enterprises would suffer financially and people would suffer too. This is so because recession reduces the fiscal bases of enterprises, forcing these enterprises to reduce their workforce through layoffs. These enterprises lay off their workers in order to cut the costs they incur in terms of wage and salary payments.
Unemployment is a macroeconomic factor that is pertinent to an extensive economy at a regional level. Therefore it affects a large population rather than a few select individuals. Unemployment does not only have social costs, but economic costs too. The ILO, International Labour organization, defines unemployment as, ''People of working age, who are without work, but available for work and actively seeking employment.'' Therefore implying that it is a state of an individual looking for a job but not having one. Unemployment is one of the key indicators in determining the economic stability of a country; hence governments, businesses and consumers closely monitor it. There are numerous aspects that might lead to unemployment such as labour market conflicts and recessions in the economy. There are two main types of unemployment, which can be focused on, seasonal and cyclical unemployment. Seasonal unemployment occurs when a person is unemployed or their profession is not in demand during a particular season. On the contrary, cyclical unemployment occurs when there is less demand for goods and services in the market so consequently supply needs to be decreased.
Amacher, R., & Pate, J. (2013). Microeconomics principles and policies. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.
O'Sullivan, A., & Sheffrin, S. (2005). Economics. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
unemployment was something that I knew very well that you hear in the news every day but the news news doesn 't go into the depth of how what and how it happens. It is broken down the total population,from non-labor force into civilian noninstitutional labor force. And I didn 't know there 's type of job terms. I don 't know there 's a job loser a job lever reentrant or new
Structural unemployment represents a type of unemployment happens when industrial transformation takes place. Development or changes of policies and economic structure will also lead to structural unemployment. Unemployed people will need to enhance their skills or to further study, so that they can meet the hiring requirements. (Nallari, 2010)
Daly, Mary, Bart Hobijn, and Rob Valletta. 2011. “The Recent Evolution of the Natural Rate of Unemployment.”