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The need for a regulatory framework in financial reporting
The importance of quality auditing
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Introduction: Audit quality is in fact a complex and multi featured concept and is when the auditor’s opinion on a report can be relied upon. The auditors are primarily responsible for performing quality audit and it is best achieved when there is support from others in the financial reporting chain. (IAASB, 2014)
The quality audit is likely been achieved by the engagement team which,
• Have adequate experience, knowledgeable and skilled people who work within the allotted time and demonstrate proper ethics, value and attitude.
• Comply with laws and regulations and apply the audit process and control procedures when ever applicable and provide useful and timely reports. (IAASB, 2014)
There are different perceptions of audit quality by an investor and by the members of the audit committee. The investor looks through the auditor reporting, the reputation of an auditor and last the expectation of an audit. On the other hand, the member of the audit committee seems to check the quality of an audit, the process of an audit and last the interactions and communication of an auditor (International Federation of Accountants, 2014). Each of the measure is quantitative. To measure the level of relevance the operational inputs and audit processes is tested against the audit results. Certainly, these input and processes measures may prove to be redundant, or have a low correlation among others with the high quality audit results. Therefore, audit quality involves audit firms transparency, audit independence; regulated by global standards, audit documentation and evidence. (Public company accounting sighting overview, 2013).
Inputs: They are categorized at engagement, firm and national level with the audit firm’s culture (values, ethics a...
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...ed. Each stakeholder plays an important role in supporting high-quality financial reporting. The way the stakeholders interact can also impact the audit quality. (Institute of Chartered Accountants Australia, 2014)
Context: It is the legislative and regulatory environment within which the audit operates. It includes the financial reporting framework and corporate governance environment which impacts on the financial reporting quality either directly or indirectly. (Australian Public policy Committee, 2014)
The framework balances the responsibility for the completion of an audit. The auditors and the regulators who are known to have a close connection with the audit process will find the framework to be more relevant when in practice. It likely enhances the interaction between users of financial statement and auditors, management, governance and audit regulators.
The specific obligations in this case would include monitor corporate governance activities and compliance with organization policies, and assess audit committee effectiveness and compliance with regulations
An organization that lacks a true culture of ethical compliance can create problems with integrity issues with stakeholders and customers. When a major company such as Enron, was structured their approach to ethics on the surface appeared to oppose progressive innovation. The policies and ethics programs were set up to protect the company and its shareholders. According to author Berenbeim, The Enron company had a detailed code of ethics it was not enough the organization needed to incorporate ethics and integrity throughout their corporate culture. Enron had to focus on business ethics issues raised by the conduct of the company’s directors, officers, accounts and lawyers (Berenbeim, 2002).
Business Ethics and Code of Ethical Conduct Introduction A company’s code of ethical conduct governs the decision-making process and actions for doing business and self-regulation. Moreover, these codes give direction to employees by creating a public image of desirable behavior, healthier work climate, and reputation thereby helping firms to evade scandals. As a result, this document is useful in shaping the cultural expectations regarding the behavior of staff as well as acting as a marketing and PR tool for clients and business partners, who prefer doing business with companies that are serious about business ethics. The chief executive officer of any company should thus ensure that their firm enacts and follows an ethically and socially responsive code of conduct to spell out the appropriate behavior of employees towards other stakeholders.
...urvey of ethical behavior in the accounting profession. Journal of Accounting Research, 9 (2), pp. 287-306.
With every business activity come opportunities for fraudulent behavior which leads to a greater demand for auditors with unscathed ethics. Nowadays, auditors are faced with a multitude of ethical issues, and it is even more problematic when the auditors fail to adhere to the standards of professional conducts as prescribed by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). The objective of this paper is to analyze the auditors’ compliance with the code of professional conduct in the way it relates to the effectiveness of their audits.
Also, to comply with the policies and procedure and code of practice and ensure that records are up to date and properly maintained. And make sure that the health and safety policy is followed to the latter.
The seven best practices in the roles and responsibilities of an internal audit function include:
7). From a more astute viewpoint, a worker (counting CEO) may be set in an authority position (p. 272) where practicing a certain measure of expert or coercive power (p. 272) makes a nature's turf, which prompts redundant patterns as seen at Enron and Fannie Mae. Indeed, as indicated by Collins (2011), advertising and deals have generally high rates of truth bowing and work related deception of items and administrations (p. 8). An alternate part of unscrupulous conduct history may be a consequence of a disappointment to survey representative and officer conduct with ethical culture assessment (p.176). These appraisal instruments, for example, Corporate Ethical Values studies measure administration's conduct inside the association (p. 176). An alternate is the Ethical Culture review, which additionally measures top administration's conduct, additionally workers (pp. 176-7). The Ethical Climate study is broader than the recent two as it measures moral mindfulness, techniques, assets, and administration (p. 177). In conclusion, the Self-Assessment and Improvement Process (SAIP) could distinguish, report, evaluate, and figure out if a business' corporate citizenship is as per organization principles, arrangements, and mission with the expansion of change recommendations (p.
An auditor needs to follow, abide and comply with the standards, rules and regulations of their profession, as these will help the auditor to recognize when independence and objectivity are compromised. Works Cited Gray, Iain and Stuart Manson. The Audit Process: Principles, Practice and Cases. London: Thomson Learning, 2008. Print.
While the responsibility to stand behind these statements lies with management, auditors are charged with independently investigating and examining those documents and producing an opinion founded on that audit. Auditors produce an opinion on whether a company’s financial statements are presented properly in all material respects, in compliance with GAAP. Furthermore, for companies impacted by Sarbanes-Oxley requirements, auditors are obligated to, as part of their larger financial audit, audit and issue an opinion on management’s internal controls and the overall effectiveness of a firm’s internal control over financial reporting. 3M’s “Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” discloses that public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCooper LLP, conducted such an audit of the company and issued an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of 3M’s internal control over financial accounting (Gibson, 2013). An unqualified opinion is the best possible outcome of an audit and signifies compliance with GAAP and fair representation of financial information. For better or worse, the accountants behind audits are often included as defendants in lawsuits pertaining to financial statements. If 3M’s earnings were falsified in their annual report, for instance, an investor who relied on the false information to make financial decisions might sue both 3M and their auditors who overlooked the deceptive earnings figures. Accountants and auditors are seen as responsible for the financial statements they create or audit. After all, these are the professionals that are licensed to handle and certify critical information produced by corporations. Just as a disgruntled patient may sue a doctor for medical malpractice after a botched surgery, so too might a user of financial statements who incurred a loss based on dishonest or incorrect information place blame on
Audit Risk is the risk that an auditor has stated an incorrect audit opinion on the financial statements. It may cause the auditors fail to alter the opinion when the financial statements contain material misstatement. The auditor should perform the audit to lower the audit risk to a sufficiently low level. In the auditor’s professional judgement, the auditor should appropriately state a correct opinion on the financial statement
The fundamental duty of an external financial auditor is to form and express an opinion on whether the reporting entity’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with the relevant financial reporting framework. In discharging this duty, the auditor must exercise “reasonable skill, care and caution” (Lopes, J. in Kingston Cotton Mill Co 1896) as reflected in current legal and professional requirements.
Auditing has been the backbone of the complicated business world and has always changed with the times. As the business world grew strong, auditors’ roles grew more important. The auditors’ job became more difficult as the accounting principles changed. It also became easier with the use of internal controls, which introduced the need for testing, not a complete audit. Scandals and stock market crashes made auditors aware of deficiencies in auditing, and the auditing community was always quick to fix those deficiencies. Computers played an important role of changing the way audits were performed and also brought along some difficulties.
Audit is a process to evaluate and review the accounts and financial statement objectively. We can divide it into internal auditors and external auditors. Internal auditors have a inner knowledge of business process. Auditor has access to the much confidential information and all levels of management. But they may lose their judgement and they are not acceptable by the shareholder. “The overall objective of the external auditors is to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to report on the financial statements in acco...
The major characters of the tradition audit are all information what is needed by auditors are on the paper and the manual calculators and without high communication technology. Auditors usually were limited by the place in the paper time. When a several people are working on the same auditing project for a client with offices in cities across the country, even worldwide, it takes a lots all time those auditors get the information which they need from the client, even there is risk paper information disappear for many reasons. on the another hand, mail paper information increase the auditing cost. The mistake caused by the manual calculators inevitably, no matter how fixed auditors concentrate on recalculate is, after all auditors are human. The global business become major in the modern business world, some example, several auditors who are in different locations are working a same auditing project, or auditors are in different city even country with the client, when there is issue among these auditors or between auditors and client, they only can communicate with each other by phone or be together and have meeting. Phone call can not make sure information been watched in the same time when the voice is talking about the issue, but having a meeting takes time and money make all people together, it increases auditing cost.