1. Distinguish between bipolar disorder, unipolar depression, dysthymic disorder, and cyclothymic disorder using DSM-5 criteria.
(485) Before answering the question let’s see what each term means. Bipolar disorder is a disorder that is marked by alternating or intermixed periods of mania and depression (Comer, 2013, pp.224). Unipolar depression is depression without history of mania (Comer, 2013, pp.224). Dysthymic disorder are mood disorder that are similar to but not as long lasting and less disabling than a major depressive disorder (Comer, 2013, pp.224). Cyclothymic disorder is a disorder marked by numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and mild depressive symptoms (Comer, 2013, pp.249).
Now that we know what each term means we can answer the question better. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) would categorize each of these terms based on how server and what the symptoms are. By using the DSM-5 criteria we can see how to distinguish between the terms. DSM-5 list bipolar disorder as having a full manic disorder for at least one week and showing signs of high or irritable moods, increased activity or energy, and three of the following symptoms: decreased need for sleep, increased talkativeness, thoughts or ideas they experience race, and are easily distracted (Comer, 2013, pp.245). It also list unipolar depression as a major episode that last at least two weeks marked by five symptoms of depression. The symptoms are: sad mood, loss of pleasure, weight loss or gain, insomnia, reduced ability to think or concentrate, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide (Comer, 2013, pp.227). Also it list dysthymic disorder as a persistent depressive disorder that can last anywhere from a day to a c...
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...ent ways to keep the patient on lithium but the therapists may have to change the medication to another drug so they, don’t have to run laboratory test to measure the dosage every time. The therapists may have to stop the drug to prove it is working then reinstate the lithium after running the test which proves the drug was helping the individual have calmer moods. The therapists may have to assure the individual that as long as they take the right dosage they want become addicted or maybe adding another medication to help the lithium work so the dosage want be so high. The therapist may have to prove to the individual that by staying on the lithium the individual won’t have as many mood problems because it helps prevent symptoms from developing (Comer, 2013, pp.280).
References
Comer, R. J. (2013) Abnormal Psychology, 8th Ed. New York, NY: Worth Publishers.
As mentioned in the DSM-5, to receive the Bipolar I diagnosis, and individual must meet criteria for at least one manic episode, which may (but not required) have been preceded by or may be followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes (Criterion A for Bipolar I), and should not be better explained by the presence of schizophrenia, schizoaffective, schizophreniform, or delusional disorder, or other specified or unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder (Criterion B of Bipolar I).
According to the documentary, medicine is the most commonly used intervention mechanism to elevate and dull symptoms of bipolar disorder (2016). Of all the medicine used to combat bipolar disorder, lithium, is considered the “gold standard.” It has been shown to be the most effective and consistent and treating symptoms, however, only 30% of patients benefit from using lithium (2016). Other medications can be used, but have varying levels of effectiveness in patients. It often takes years for patients to find the right mixture of medication to help combat symptoms. For some patients with bipolar, medication is useless at fighting symptoms (2016). For example, the video followed Gary who was desperate for treatment and who was thought to be medication resistant. He elected to participate in Electro-convulsive therapy (ETC), which induces remission in 80% of patients and has been known to be rapidly effective for those with bi-polar disorder. For Gary, the treatment was used to apply electric current to the brain. This current changed the way neurons connect to one another in his brain and even stimulated the
Bipolar Disorder (Formerly known as Manic Depression) is a mental illness linked to alterations in moods such as mood swings, mania, and depression. There is more than one type, Bipolar I and Bipolar II, and the subcategories are divided by the severity of the symptoms seen, such as cyclothymic disorder, seasonal mood changes, rapid cycling disorder and psychosis. Age of onset usually occurs between 15-30 years old with an average onset of 25 years old but it can affect all ages. (Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital , 2013) Bipolar disorder affects more than two million people in the United States every year. (Gardner, 2011)
In DSM-V, bipolar 1 disorder is defined as meeting the following criteria for a manic episode, which may or may not be followed by a hypomanic or major depressive episode: There must be a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irri...
Bipolar disorder is a lifelong mood disorder characterized by periods of mania, depression, or a mixed manic-depressive state. The condition can seriously affect a person’s reasoning, understanding, awareness, and behavior. Acco...
Lithium and Bipolar Disorder INTRODUCTION The drug lithium has been used for a variety of disorders such as gout, diabetes, and epilepsy for over 100 years. It was not until 1949 when John Cade discovered that lithium had a calming effect on guinea pigs that the possibilities of it being used for mania were explored (Paykel, 1992). Since then, lithium has been established as one of the primary treatments for manic depression disorder. In the body of this paper we will explore the chemistry of lithium, the synaptic transmitters involved, the parts of the neuron affected, the inhibitory and excitatory potential changes, the ion channels effected, the physiological changes, the primary behavior changes, the side effect behavior changes and the effects reported by users. CHEMISTRY Lithium is a chemical element found in group IA of the periodic table, along with sodium, rubidium, and cesium.
The characteristics of bipolar disorder are significant shifts in mood that go from manic episodes to deep depressive episodes in a up and down trip that seemingly never ends. There are actually three types of bipolar disorder. In bipolar III disorder there is a family history of mania or hypomania in addition to the client experiencing depressive episodes. This category is not highly used but is worth noting. Bipolar II disorder is marked by hypomanic episodes that have not required hospitalization. Bipolar I disorder is the full-blown illness and is defined by the presence of manic episodes which require treatment, and usually hospitalization (Wilner 44).
Depressive disorders take on different forms. There are three common types of depressive disorders. They are major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder. Major depression is characterized by a combination of symptoms that interfere with an individual's ability to work, study, sleep, and eat. Symptoms include but are not limited to the following: persistent sad, anxious, or empty mood, feelings of hopelessness, feelings of guilt, helplessness, worthlessness, decreased energy, fatigue, appetite and/or weight loss, or overeating and weight gain, ...
Lish, J.D., Dime-Meenan, S., Whybrow, P.C., Price, R.A. and Hirschfeld, R.M. (1994). The National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association (DMDA) Survey of Bipolar Members. Affective Disorders. 31: pp.281-294.
The term ‘dual diagnosis’ refers to people who suffer from grave mental illness and have problems with drugs or alcohol to the extent that their mental and physical health is affected. The condition of substance misuse disorder does not entail that there is dependence or an addition rather it defines a spot where the person’s use of drugs or alcohol has become problematic and it impairs the person’s tone of spirit and their ability to work as part of a community. Some reasons that people who are mentally ill drink and get hold of drugs include they are self-medicating, to normalize entry into social groups, to run away or to disengage because their spirit is difficult so they why would rather be “numb” than deal with their troubles. In this paper I will cover the following topics substance abuse’s role in offending behaviors, challenges for both client and clinician’s perspective, interventions and techniques that can be used with this population and some research findings.
5) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, an online version of the resource book.
The first disorder is bipolar disorder, also known as “manic depression”. Bipolar disorder is when someone experiences dramatic ups and downs in moods, periods of mania or extreme excitement characterized by hyperactivity and chaotic behavior (Rathus, 2010). Studies show that biological factors create vulnerability to the disorder and experiences such as sleep deprivation can
Bipolar Disorder is the tendency of manic episodes to alternate with major depressive episodes, like a roller coaster. Barlow, D., Durand, M., Stewart, S., & Lalumière, M., 2014, p. 222. Their moods and relationships are unstable and they usually have a very poor self image, recurrent feelings of emptiness and fear of abandonment. Barlow, D., Durand, M., Stewart, S., & Lalumière, M., 2014, p. 444.
Uni-polar depression is when a person is always in a very low mood which would last at least 2 weeks to be fully diagnosed with depression. A person who has unipolar depression usually do not see the positive side of things. Bipolar depression is when a person has sudden mood swings from really low mood to sudden high mood, bipolar depression is harder to diagnosis than unipolar depression. Depression is thought to involve many genes.
Identification of any psychosocial or contextual factors to be considered, as outlined in the DSM-5