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Relationship between fascism and communism
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Fascism: Yesterday & Today
Around the world the ideology known as “fascism” is commonly related to two men, Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini. This tradition of political thinking has long been argued by political scientists and many others on what exactly defines a fascist state. According to Webster’s dictionary the term is defined as, “a way of organizing a society in which a government ruled by a dictator controls the lives of the people and in which people are not allowed to disagree with the government.” Although this definition would be contested by many scientists it is a good compromise.
This ideology wasn’t around until the early 1900’s and was started in Italy around the time of World War I. Italy was in shambles then and many parties were trying to take control, Benito Mussolini became Prime Minister following the March on Rome in 1922. With this he gained the role of “ed duce” through legal means and created a one party system with him as the leader. This was the first time a fascist government had been in power. Many individuals confuse the ideologies of socialism, and communism with fascism. However, they are all different in the way they manipulate, and control the people. In regards to socialism Benito Mussolini said, We declare war against socialism, not because it is socialism, but because it has opposed nationalism. This is a major part of fascism because through nationalism is how the country will become powerful both economically but also militarily. *** Along with Mussolini, Germany during the same time period went under a great change to fascism.
This change was instituted by the Nazi’s and their leader Hitler. Germany’s change to fascism was similar to Italy as it was done following ...
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...the government owning the corporations completely. Traditionally democracies have a great sense of nationality and often reflect to the past days for a sense of “glory”. For instance the U.S. is a very nationalistic state as a vast majority of the country supports its troops occupying countries abroad. Also, not many countries in the world have citizens who proudly hang their countries flag outside their door. Though national pride for one's country shouldn’t be compared to the Nazi regime it is still an interesting look at modern nationalism.
Works Cited
"Fascism." Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 3 Dec. 2013. .
Sheldon Richman, "Fascism." The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. 2008. Library of Economics and Liberty. 3 December 2013. .
Benito Mussolini is the creator of fascism and in this article he is going through the details of what fascism consists of and what I gather from the article is that he wants to transition from nation + state to nation =state and what that means is that everything goes through the state and nothing is separated from it including descriptions and law making on things such as war. Source 8.4 we are presented Eichmann in Jerusalem and this is an article by Eichmann who in my opinion sounds brainwashed to the law. He is unable to speak to what he really believes the government stands for. When we look at all of these sources and put them all together, we ask ourselves how do these tie together?
To understand why Fascism gained such popularity after WWI, it is essential to find a working definition of what Fascism actually is. According to Benito Mussolini and his document What is Fascism, Fascism is “the conception of the state, its character, its duty, and its aim.” It is concerned primarily and totally with the affairs of state rather than those of the individual. The chief duty of a man in a Fascist nation is to do what he can to elevate the state to higher power or assist the state in whatever means necessary in its goals. As is evident to anyone studying this period in history, Fascism “repudiates the doctrine of Pacifism…” meaning that it is most certainly not afraid to use force or war to accomplish its objectives. A Fascist, especially a male Fascist, aspires to be a hero to his country and an ally to the state or nation of which he is a part. A woman ...
Multiple historians have touched on the change in government during Fascist Italy’s reign in World War II. In Italian Fascism: Its Origins and Development, Alexander De Grand clarifies the many promises Benito Mussolini fabricated for the Italian people in order to get them to join his cause such as the improvement on poverty with the rise of a new Roman Empire. De Grand also gives an opposite view, with some citizens seeing Fascism as a “model of efficiency.” In Melton S. Davis’ Who Defends Rome?, t...
Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany as Totalitarian Atates A totalitarian state refers to a country in which the central government exercises total control over all aspects of people's life. Main features include an infallible leader, one-party rule, strict party discipline, elitism, planned economy, an official doctrine, absolute obedience of individuals to the State, nationalism and usually an expansionist foreign policy. Up to these criteria, both Fascist Italy (1922-43) and Nazi Germany (1933-45) could be deemed totalitarian states to a large extent.
Italy became a fascist state. Italy achieved her unification in 1870. She had a constitutional monarchy like that of Great Britain, but democratic society failed to develop in Italy because the government was controlled by corrupt politicians, called the party bosses. They controlled the elections
Fascism is one of the great political ideology in the 20th century. It is a kind of authoritarian government that, according to Wikipedia, “considers the individual subordinate to the interests of the state, party or society as a whole.” Two of the most successful and to be in the vanguard of fascism government is Italian fascism – led by Benito Mussolini, and Nazi Germany – led by Adolf Hitler. Fascism in Italy and Germany, though in many regards very similar - have the same political ideologies, still have many aspects to them that make them different from each other.
Mussolini, Benito. “The Political and Social Doctrine of Fascism.” The Human Record . By Alfred J. Andrea and James H. Overfield. Vol. 2. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2011. 2 vols. 399-400.
Fascism is one type of political system based on the notion that some races are superior to others. Something that seems ridiculous in to enlightened modern day thinkers, which unfortunately makes it all the more difficult to try and understand for someone who has not experienced it. However by looking through history and taking into account some of the results of practised fascism, we can maybe begin to understand why so many people took up, and are still taking up fascism. Hopefully then we can understand exactly what we should learn from it, and possibly understand how we can prevent it appearing on the scale it did in the Second World War.
The defining characteristics of the two ideologies were crucial to the nature of the regimes and their influence on the world. Fascism is an authoritarian single-party state based on “mystical nationalism, often with racist elements and especially a charismatic leader who presents himself as a national savior .” Its far-right view turned the fascist regime into a strong but notorious power. For communism, the central idea that Marx and Engels theorized in “The Communist Manifesto” is
Fascism is defined as, “an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.” Peter Hyland reports that throughout the 1920s and the 1930s, an economic depression was growing and becoming widespread throughout the world. People were losing faith in their democracies and in capitalism. Leaders who gained power supported powerful militarism, nationalism, and initiated the return of an authoritarian rule. J.R. Oppenheimer says that the rise of fascism and totalitarianism in Europe and Russia instigated a “critical step on the path to war.” In 1922, Benito Mussolini held leadership in Italy, promising a proficient and militaristic nationalistic state. During his control as prime minister, he gained a large group of followers, banned the disparagement of government, and used extreme violence against his enemies within the parliament.
Unlike Marxism, Fascism does not believe that class conflict can bring about change, instead fascism believes that class conflict can hurt the integrity of a country. Fascism emerged in Italy in the 20th century to stop the rapidly growing workers movement which was pushing up wages and threatening revolution. Led by Mussolini, they were funded by various wealthy big businesses (the rich minority) in order to smash picket lines and attack left-wing organisers. Fascism was very attractive in its time as democracy was new in much of Europe and not very well established, many of the countries had been run by the monarchy; democracy appeared weak in comparison to a strong charismatic leader.
It was during the 1920’s to the 1940’s that totalitarian control over the state escalated into full dictatorships, with the wills of the people being manipulated into a set of beliefs that would promote the fascist state and “doctrines”.
It is true that the Italian dictatorship was more conservative in its application than that of Hitler’s reign of terror. But, both the fascist ideas and rulings of these two leaders proved to have some similarities worth mentioning. Both leaders left their countries with an economic and social debt to the Allies, which is still strong in the minds of many older members of the community.
Another reason that had a significant impact was the belief of fascists that their nations were superior to all other people. “Fascism was the governing ideology of Ge...
Benito Mussolini created a group of fascists to represent a means to stop the socialists and the communists coming into his nation. Mussolini also wanted to eliminate conflict between employers and workers, by using the corporate state. All were to work for the common good, and trade unions or strikes were forbidden. Every profession had its own corporate branch, and all problems were to be solved through negotiation. This may seem very democratic or reasonable, however the fascist state controlled the issues of the negotiating sides, wages were very low and so were the living standards.