Difference Between Classical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning

Leave the cage door wide open so that the puppy doesn't run the risk of having it shut on him during his exploits. Let him take a few steps towards the cage, sniff it and go inside if he chooses. Reward him for investigating the cage without being fearful of it. Once the puppy has investigated the cage, encourage him to go inside. Do this by placing a food treat inside the cage, but near the front.

Operant conditioning is when a person learns behaviors through reinforcement (Halgin and Whitbourne, 2013). Skinner studied operant conditioning by doing experiments using dogs that he placed in a “Skinner Box” (McLeod, 2011). Contiguity theory says that any stimulus and response that is connected will be associated with each other (Ramo and Howe-Tennant). Contiguity theory comes from the work of E. R. Guthrie (Ramo and Howe-Tennant). Classical conditioning is a learning connection between an original stimulus and a naturally evoking stimulus that causes an automatic reflexive reaction.

He fed his dog in a pattern, every time he fed his dog he rang a bell. Eventually the dog associated the bell with food and would begin to salivate just on hearing the bell. Thetis the original experiment proving classical conditioning. What is conditioned stimulus? A neutral stimulus that, after repeated pairings

A famous example is the Ivan Pavlov dog experiment. Pavlov observed that anytime the dog sees food, it starts to salivate. Pavlov tried to pair the food with a bell. Before Pavlov shows the food, he rings with a bell. The dogs starts to relates these two items, which is the bell and food.

To examine this Pavlov rang a bell prior to giving the dog the unconditioned stimulus (food). After numerous repetitions of this order the dog began to salivate to a bell alone without any food in front of it. This, the bell is known as a conditioned stimulus because it would not ordinarily warrant such a response. The salivation to the conditioned stimulus is known as a conditioned response. Later the stimulus ... ... middle of paper ... ...tioned responses are if someone hits your kneecap you will automatically jerk your leg.

He fed his dog in a pattern,every time he fed his dog he rang a bell. Eventually the dog associated the bell with food and would begin tosalivate just on hearing the bell. Thatis the original experiment proving classical conditioning. What is aconditioned stimulus? “A neutralstimulus that, after repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus, becomesassociated with it and elicits a conditioned response.” (World of Psychologypg167)   In English it is something thatis used to train someone or something through repetition.

Development results from organization of existing behaviors. There are two categories of learning: classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning focuses on associations linked to involuntary behaviors. Pavlov is the father of modern learning theory. Through his experiment he discovered that an unconditioned stimulus could automatically trigger an involuntary response.

Whereas learned behavior comes from obtaining knowledge about a stimulus, for example, a child learning not to touch the stove after burning their hands on it. Interested in his discovery, Pavlov began to conduct experiments. In one experiment, Pavlov wanted to cause a dog to salivate by ringing a bell. He wanted to create a learned behavior in the dog. In the beginning, ringing the bell had no effect, so it was a neutral stimulus.

There are non-associative, associative and observational learning. Classical conditioning is an associative type of learning. It is the learning of the relationship between two pieces of information.To have a deeper understanding about classical conditioning, Pavlov’s experiments will be further discussed. According to Dickinson (1981), Pavlov first exposed food to a dog which causes salivation, due to salivary reflex. Afterwards, he exposed a neutral stimulus, in this case a metronome, to the dog which naturally would not make the dog salivate.

“The fact that conditioned stimulus (CS) – conditioned response (CR) pairings can be instated without great difficulty suggests that extinction does not involve unlearning of the associations (Redish, Jensen, Johnson, & Kurth-Nelson, 2007). In summary of Pavlov’s research, he studied the link between stimulus and response. While doing he was doing his research on salivation in dogs, Pavlov noted that his experimental dogs began to salivate only at the sight of food but eventually at the sound of the ticking metronome which was paired with the food. This observation led him to perform his famous experiment in which he taught the dogs to salivate at the sound of the metronome. After several repetitions of this association, the dog began salivating at the sound of the metronome even when there was no food in sight (Schunk, 2012, p.79-82).