In order to understand the importance of the function of dietary fiber in the diet of monogastric animals, one must first understand dietary fiber. Dietary fiber is the sum of all plant derived carbohydrates that are indigestible to digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of mammals. The simplest definition of dietary fiber is that it is composed of plant derived polysaccharides that are not degraded by digestive enzymes in the small intestine of monogastric animals (Urriola, 2016; Hunag et al., 2016). The variation of ingredients in overall dietary fiber including crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and the total dietary fiber content are what create the physiological affect in the diet of monogastrics’ such as the pig.
In a research study conducted by the University of Minnesota, Department of Animal Sciences there is a low correlation of total dietary fiber to suggest that the concentration of total dietary fiber doesn 't predict how much of this
…show more content…
Dietary Fiber fermentability also varies due to a high diversity in both physical structure and the chemicals bound between monomers found in the digestive tract (Bindelle et al., 2007). Dietary Fiber that escapes digestion in the upper part of the gastro-intestinal tract, is potentially available for bacterial fermentation in the large intestine. The anaerobic bacteria concentration in the pig gastro-intestinal tract passes thus into the stomach and the small intestine to the large intestine. The intestinal bacteria hydrolyse the polysaccharides composing the Dietary Fiber and metabolise their constituent sugars through a series of anaerobic energy-yielding reactions leading to the production of ATP which is essential for bacteria basal and growth metabolism (Bindelle and Buldgen,
Gut bacteria keep humans healthy by stimulating the digestive process within the large intestines. In order for nutrients to be successfully absorbed in the colon, non-digestible carbohydrates are degraded by beneficial gut microbial. One example of an anaerobically respiring bacterium which dominates the large intestine is bacteroide thetaiotaomicron. This bacteri...
Gut microbiota plays an important role in human metabolism. The important sources of energy for human and microbial cells are carbohydrates. Most complex carbohydrates and plant polysaccharides, such as cellulose, xylans, resistance starch and inulin cannot be digested by the human enzymes. The gut micro...
Nutritionism is an ideology that believes that the nutrients in foods are the key to understanding them. Nutritionism believers are so focused on the nutrients that food contains that they forget about all other aspects of food. The problem is that consumers rely on packaging to tell them what nutrients a food provides, since nutrients cannot be obviously seen, and they rely on science to tell us what nutrients are good and which are “evil”.
Nutritional anthropology applies the anthropological approach to nutritional disciplines by studying and understanding how the interactions of social and biological factors affect the nutritional status of individuals and populations. Dettwlyer conducted a medical anthropological research assessing the nutritional status of individuals living in a population in Mali, Africa. She defined it as to be a biocultural approach because the research did not only pertain to the biological system of the people but cultural dogmas, infant feeding practices, socio-economic status, political-ecological factors also contributed as much. Death rates and child malnutrition rates are very high in Mali, it being one of the poorest countries of the world. Therefore, Dettwlyer being a nutritional anthropologist extends her study to the children of Mali who are malnutritioned as a result of their birth in poor families; because their mothers have a low status in their prosperous extended family households; ethno-cultural tenets, etc.
When I originally heard about The Dash Diet, it helped motivate me to keep going and lose the last of my pregnancy weight as my son got his driver's license. It has been a very long road. As for the motivation piece – yes it's easy to fall off the wagon – however, if you take it step by step, and get back to your eating plan, it will work. The Dash Diet isn't one of those crazy diets where your family has to hide the chocolate cake or lock up the refrigerator. It was just a nice, gentle way to get back to a weight I felt comfortable about. – Tammy, 55, Wichita, KS.
Michael Pollan makes arguments concerning the eating habits of the average American. Pollan suggests, in spite of our cultural norms, we should simply “Eat food. Not too much. Mostly Plants.”
A good portion of the microbes in the large intestine helps the process along with the digestion process. The large intestine is called the cecum. The cecum, which connects to the colon, is divided into four pieces. The ascending colon, the transverse colon, descending colon and the sigmoid colon all four colons form an inverted u-shape. After you eat your nervous system will send signals to the large portions of the ascending colon and transverse colon to contract in order to make moves into the colon to have space for the incoming food. Feces is formed in the large intestine and is made up of the remaining water, undigested and unabsorbed material and any bacteria that is left over after the cells in the lining of the colon transport sodium in and out and the ion concentration falls and water moves out by osmosis and returns to the blood
“Fermentation occurs in fruits, bacteria, yeasts, fungi, as well as in mammalian muscle”(Biology Online, 2008, p. xx-xx) . “Yeasts were discovered to have connection with fermentation as observed by the French chemist, Louis Pasteur” (Biology Online, 2008, p. xx-xx). “Pasteur originally defined fermentation as respiration without air” (Biology Online, 2008, p. xx-xx). “However, fermentation does not have to always occur in anaerobic condition” (Biology Online, 2008, p. xx-xx). “Yeasts still prefer to undergo fermentation to process organic compounds and generate ATP even in the presence of oxygen” (Biology Online, 2008, p. xx-xx). “However, in mammalian muscles, they turn from oxidative phosphorylation (of cellular respiration) to fermentation when oxygen supply becomes limited, especially during a strenuous activity such as intensive exercising” (Biology Online, 2008, p. xx-xx).
Nutritionism and Today’s Diet Nutritionism is the ideology that the nutritional value of a food is the sum of all its individual nutrients, vitamins, and other components. In the book, “In Defense of Food” by Michael Pollan, he critiques scientists and government recommendations about their nutritional advice. Pollan presents a strong case pointing out the many flaws and problems that have risen over the years of following scientific studies and government related warnings on the proper amount of nutrients needed for a healthy diet. Pollan’s main point is introducing science into our food system has had more of a negative impact than a positive one, we should go back to eating more of a traditional diet. I believe food science has given us
America is a capitalist society. It should come to a surprise when we live like this daily. We work for profit. We’ll buy either for pleasure or to sell later for profit. It should come to no surprise that our food is made the same way because we are what we eat. We are capitalist that eat a capitalist meal. So we must question our politics. Is our government system to blame for accepting and encouraging monopolies?
Enzymes break down nutrient molecules into their building blocks. Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides, fats into fatty acids and monoglycerides, nucleic acids into nucleotides and proteins into amino acids. The horse has a small stomach. The horse’s small intestine is the major organ for their digestive system. Pancreatic enzymes are found in their small intestine to aid digestion. There is also protease which aids to emulsify protein and amino acids; also the horse does not have a gall bladder, meaning bile flows constantly into its small intestine; it also aids to break down fats. The foods that are digested are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine and are carried through the blood stream to the cells that need nutrients. I think the cow has the more effective small intestine then the horse has the cow has a gall bladder so bile is not constantly flowing around its body; also it has a valve which prevents a flow back of food, which the horse doesn’t have. The cow also has three sections of its small intestine, even digestion may take longer, it means that the absorption of nutrients and fluids does not all happen at once in one section, as the horse has a small sac for a stomach. For these reasons, I think the cow has the more effective small intestines. The pH value of both of the ruminant and hindgut fermenter’s stomach is
Mindfulness unlocks your senses. It is the practice of being fully aware of what is happening within and around you in the moment. This is not easy to do! Practicing mindfulness helps people make better choices in regards to what and how they eat. There is a lot to learn here, but taking simple steps like noticing the smells, temperatures, textures and tastes of the foods in your meal is a good place to start. Mindful eating also requires you to reduce distractions such as physical, mental, social and emotional ones. People often find that they enjoy their food much more once beginning more mindful approaches to eating. Mindful eating also seems to improve food choices, in both what and how people eat. It essentially reshapes your relationship with food and makes eating more enjoyable because you learn your reactions to food preferences, habits and tastes.
To survive in life we need to consume food whether it is for nutritional value or for the pure enjoyment of its savory taste. Individuals, not the government, have the right to choose what and when to eat; but good nutrition is important to maintain health and live a long and happy life. People need to make choices everyday about what they put into their bodies. Without proper nutrition, our bodies may not be able to function correctly. Most adults know what is good and bad for the body. We all know that diets rich in fruits and vegetables fuel the body in a healthy way and that protein gives us energy. Although we know what food is best for our bodies, each individual has a personal choice of what they put into their bodies and that should not be dictated by the government, even though
... and nutritious experience by giving people actual experience to see, feel and taste what is nutrition about (Hegler, 2010).
In 2011, anthropologist Ellen Messer acknowledged that in spite of having enough food to feed the entire population on the Globe, more than 100 million people experienced shortages of food and nutritional deficiencies (as cited in Wiley & Allen, 2013, p.92). Thus, it is very important to consider analyzing various factors that influence nutritional status and its relationship with health.