Diamond is a well-known and precious jewellery in the world as it is extremely rare. Natural diamond can be found on its host rock, which is kimberlite and lamprolite (Bulanova 1995, 2). However the percentage of diamond is small. For example in a 10 ton of host stone, only 5 gram of diamond can be obtained (Rigby 1991, 118). It is named from a Greek word, Adamas, which means indestrucbility (O'Donoghue 1993, 104). Diamond is the known hardest mineral which have highest value 10 in the Mohs’ Hardness Scale. Diamonds are often obtained in transparent form, where blue, pale green, pink, violet, and raddish diamond are extremely rare (Cipriani and Borelli 1986, 74). It is one thought by many people that diamonds are formed from the metamorphism of the coal. However this is not the case.
One of the process of formation of natural diamond is in the deep ground under the earth crust in the mantle. Diamonds are purely made up of carbon atom. Diamonds are formed naturally in an extremely high temperature and pressure by forcing the molecule structure of carbon atom together. However, if the temperature and pressure is different from the diamond condition, Graphite which is an allotrope chemically identical as diamond will be formed with completely different characteristic. Diamonds formed successfully will deposit in the diamond stability zone under the continental crust. Then the diamonds is transferred to the earth surface by volcanic eruption. The volcanic pipes which have blue ground and yellow ground with the cylindrical shape that transfer the diamond out to the surface is named as Kimberlite by H.C.Lewis (Erlich and Hausel 2003, 79).
On the other hand, natural diamond is not only formed deep underground, it can also formed in s...
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...n the earth surface, therefore high velocity, temperature and pressure are produced on this point (Chapman and Morrison 1994). The temperature and pressure is the best condition for the formation of the diamond, thus tiny diamond are found near the collision site. The asteroid crashes into the graphite with a certain temperature and pressure, thus the diamonds formed (Gizmodo 2012). Those diamonds found are named as impact diamonds are not suitable for making jewelry, but it can be used as industrial purpose, proposed by IDEX (Gizmodo 2012).
Diamonds formed from different method, which is formed under the crust and transported to the surface by kimberlite pipe, formed on the space, subduction of oceanic crust and impact of asteroid. Only diamond formed under the earth crust can used as the jewelry purpose where the impact diamonds are used for commercial purpose.
When standing on top of the butte, the rock that makes up a majority of the area is quartzite. Quartzite is a metamorphic rock that forms when existing rock is exposed to extreme amounts of heat and pressure (4). The quartzite that is found on Kamiak Butte was formed sometime around 1.47 to 1.4 billion years ago during the Paleozoic period of the Precambrian era. Many of the metamorphic rocks have been fractured and decayed due to physical and chemical weathering, but because quartzite consists of one of the strongest minerals quartz...
Analysis Introduction This project belongs in the engineering-efficiency category; therefore, it has to fit at least 3 of 4 performance hurdles, which are 1. Impact on EPS; 2.Payback; 3.Discounted cash flow and 4. Internal rate of return. In this article, some of those involved explained and described their opinions; however, professional knowledge may have been lacking.
Some of the highest producing diamond mines are countries in Africa. Countries that had some of the highest rate of conflict were Angola, The Democratic Republic of Congo, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. The ...
It’s hard to imagine that a mineral could be fueling wars and funding corrupt governments. This mineral can be smuggled undetected across countries in a coat pocket, then be sold for vast amounts of money. This mineral is used in power tools, parts of x-ray machines, and microchips but mostly jewelry. Once considered the ultimate symbol of love, the diamond has a darker story. "Blood" diamonds or "conflict" diamonds are those mined, polished, or traded in areas of the world where the rule of law does not exist. They often originate in war-torn countries like Liberia, Sierra Leone, Angola, and Côte d'Ivoire were rebels use these gems to fund genocide or other questionable objectives. Even with a system known as the Kimberly process which tracks diamonds to prevent trade of these illicit gems, infractions continue as the process is seriously flawed. The continuation of the blood diamond trade is inhuman, and unethical, and in order to cease this illicit trade further action to redefine a conflict diamond, as well as reform to the diamond certification prosess is nessasary.
To begin diamonds are can be found all over the world including countries like, Botswana, Canada, Namibia, Russia, South Africa, Australia, and Tanzania. Yet, diamonds are still quite rare and are only found from two dominant deposits. The primary deposits often consist of diamond-bearing “pipes” of volcanic rock called kimberlite. Deep within th...
Many people in society today take for granted all the things they have been constantly consuming for generations. They all see the final product, but hardly ever notice what goes on into making it and where it goes when they’re done using it. In this report, the diamond commodity chain is followed from beginning to end and an explanation of some of the issues faced by the people associated with this product at each state of the commodity chain will also be addressed. Moreover, this report analyzes the working conditions and practices of diamond miners. Many workers, children, and communities are exploited in the industry of diamond mining. The health and well being of these people are constantly at risk and an effort to address this significant issue needs our immediate attention. Luxury commodities come with a cost. Some cost are higher than others. In a world where the rich and poor are countless, and the middle class are few, labor practices in less fortunate countries should be questioned.
Minerals play an important role in our day-to-day life but we often not contemplate how the minerals are obtained. Minerals are scattered all over the world just like any other resources. Due to the natural processes of magma flow, hydrothermal gradients, sedimentation, and evaporation, Minerals are concentrated in various areas of the Earth’s crust. Obtaining these minerals for human use involves four general steps:
I have chosen to talk about precious gemstones and crystals. There are many people now and days rediscovering the many uses of gemstones and crystals. To my knowledge each, have many different uses. They can be used as adornments, for health, for healing and for spiritual practices. You have probably never even heard of stones or crystals in this fashion before. I am going to take this opportunity to tell you what I know about this fascinating world that I have grown very accustomed to. I am not a gemstone/crystal specialist but, I do know enough about this topic to give you a slight overview about this topic.
For the past sixty-seven years, the citizens of India have embraced their country’s independence all the while seeking to regain their past. Prior to this renewed sense of freedom, India had belonged to the British Empire. From 1858 to 1947, the British government claimed India and its inhabitants as a colonial possession. Before the British Empire laid claim to the vastness of India, the British East India Company helped to oversee the transfer of the Kohinoor Diamond from the Sikh Empire to their motherland in 1851.
The field of geology has many different branches. Some of these areas have hardly anything in common. The one thing that they all include, though, is that each one concentrates on some part of the Earth, its makeup, or that of other planets. Mineralogy, the study of minerals above the Earth and in its crust, is different from Petrology, the st...
Igneous rocks are formed from the ejection of earth’s volcanoes. Deep down inside earth’s mantle there lies hot magma. Magma is molten rock that is kept below the surface. This mixture is usually made up of four parts: a hot liquid substance which is called the melt; minerals that have been crystallized by the melt; solid rocks that have made themselves tangled in the melt because of loose materials, and finally gases that have become liquid. Magma is created by an increase in temperatures, pressure change, and a alter in composition. When this magma is ejected from earth’s crust it earns a new name called lava. The lava hardens and becomes an Igneous rock.
Mining is the process or industry of obtaining minerals from the earth. Topics in this paper I’ll be specifically discussing are pros and cons of mining, structures of a mine, mining in general, California gold rush, diamonds in Africa, and comparison of diamond and gold mines.
One morning, a well-known gentleman went into a bank in London, and was received immediately by Mr. Alexander Holder, head of the bank. He asked for a loan of fifty thousand Pounds. Mr. Holder asked him to present collateral to cover that large sum of money; the man showed him a crown that belongs to the country. Knowing the risk, Mr. Holder agreed to lend the gentleman that large sum of money if he pays it back in a few days. After the gentleman left Mr. Holder decided to keep the crown all the time near by him, so he took the crown to his home in Streatham. There he lived with his only son Arthur and his niece Mary who was an orphan. He told them about his story with the crown of diamonds. When the father was going to sleep, Arthur asked for two hundred pounds. He refused to give him thinking his son was spoiled by his rich friends who had nothing to do except watch horses. Before going to sleep, he went to check that all windows and doors were locked. He saw Mary at a side window at the hall. She closed it quickly, and Holder noticed that she looked anxious. After he went to sleep, he heard some noise that woke him up; he waited until he heard it again coming from his sitting room. He jumped out of his bed and saw his son holding the crown broken from the side and three diamonds were missing. In grief, he accused Arthur of being a thief and a liar. Meanwhile Mary came in and seeing the crown fainted. Arthur asked if he could leave for five minutes but Holder refused and called the police to take his only beloved son to jail. The police searched the house but could not find anything and advised Holder to get the help of Mr. Holmes the famous detective.
Diamonds were created million years ago, when the earth was formed, the material experienced pressure of 5million times the atmosphere at sea level and temperatures between 1000~1200degreesC. These conditions caused carbon in the layers inside the planet to crystallize into diamonds. The diamonds moved up to the earth’s surface through volcano eruptions. This is why many Diamond mines are near volcanoes. Diamonds occur in two types of rock: Kimberlite and Lamprolite. Diamonds are mostly found in South Africa, India, Brazil, Russia, Australia, and Arkansas. Right now about 100million carats are mined each year. Today the largest cut Diamond in the world is the Cullian I at 530.2ct .
The value of diamonds lies on their physical properties that make them suitable for many applications. Natural diamonds are only of high value if they are scarce in nature. Realizing this, De Beers Consolidated Mines was formed to control the supply of diamonds from mines across the world. The diamond market is influenced by mine production, rough diamond distribution, preparation/cutting, and retail markets. The project will be concentrating on the retail markets for diamonds and other high end jewelry.