Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
An Easy To Understand History Of Cryptography
Earliest reason for cryptology
An Easy To Understand History Of Cryptography
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: An Easy To Understand History Of Cryptography
Since the beginning of civilization, humans have needed a way to communicate in secret. Whether it be a letter to a lover or a set of orders for an army, it would be paramount for these messages to arrive unknown and untouched. However at some point, a person could easily apprehend the message; perhaps a spy or the letter bearer, nevertheless the chance of the message being compromised would be quite high. Thus one would have to change the message to appear as meaningless nonsense to those others than the intended recipient. This idea formed the basis of cryptography, the backbone of digital security.
Cryptography is the study and practice of secure communications between two parties usually in the presence of a malicious entity, known as the adversary. More generally it is known as the creation and interpretation of protocols, which are digital rules of communication between two systems. The applications of cryptography is endless, as wherever there is a sending of information, a secure system to send that information is required. Thus cryptography is used in electronic commerce, ATMs, the Internet, government and military operations, and other digital processes.
Beginning around the time of writing, cryptography and its applications have been involved in major world events and have influenced the outcome of wars, politics, and even nations. Earliest possible evidence of the use of cryptography was thought to be found to be in Ancient Egypt, in which hieroglyphs were found arranged in a meaningless, almost teasingly fashion. Although this was thought to be a mere Egyptian joke to a literate reader, the need for secrecy suggests that the actual advent of cryptography arose from the moment when people started to become litera...
... middle of paper ...
...e used in cryptography as a means of secure connection. This is because if an adversary were to look at the data being sent, the system would be disturbed as it is quantum and therefore the recipient would know that the connection had been compromised. The quest for a working quantum computer is therefore monumental for the field of cryptography and will be a big priority in the future.
The need for secrecy will always be pursued by humans. Thus cryptography in some form will always be present and of utmost importance to the world. It is important to know the concepts behind cryptography and how it is revolutionizing the way humans can interact with one another. Will quantum cryptography change the way the world looks communication? Will computational hardness still be a problem future? There is no definitive answer, but one thing is certain; everything will change.
What is encryption? Encryption is a technological technique that protects and secures the transfer of plain text information between two sources through the use of the internet. This is done by rearranging the text using a mathematical algorithm that renovates the message into an indecipherable form, which can only be unlocked and translated with a use of a key. The strength of the encryption key is measured by its length, which is determined by the number of bits and by the type of encryption program.
Introduced the quantum theory- stating that electromagnetic energy could only be released in quantized form.
“The ability to send and receive codes without the risk of the enemy deciphering the transmission was the most desirable end result of military secrecy.” (Jevec, Adam; Potter, Lee Ann) In political campaigns and debates, propaganda and posters may conceal information to the benefit of the requested party, but is not imperative to success. Conversely, military confidentiality is vital to victory. This immutable requirement for success is mutual between opposing forces where techniques and processes are introduced and discarded in a strenuous need to out-perform the combatant. Those who unveil the enemy’s plan know the enemy, and that one-way resonance is of extreme detriment to whoever it is inflicted upon; this will likely lead to a temporary loss or even the eventual failure of an army. There is no wonder that coders spent hours upon hours decrypting messag...
Quantum entanglement is when two or more particles interact with each other in such a way that you cannot describe one particle without mentioning the other particle or particles. When these particles become entangled, we are able to observe and measure certain traits of one, and know, with certainty, the traits of the others across negligible distances. However, there are drawbacks. For example, only one trait can be measured at a given time. If the velocity of a photon was measured, it is impossible to simultaneously measure the spin of the entangled photon.1,2 The theory of quantum entanglement has been prevalent since it was first discovered by Albert Einstein, published in a 1935 paper written with Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen titled “EPR Paradox”, and expanded upon soon after by Erwin Schrödinger in a paper titled “Entanglement”.3 Today, quantum entanglement, along with quantum theory, is one of the most researched topics in physics. There are currently applications in of quantum entanglement in quantum cryptography, quantum computing and superdense coding, as well as even teleportation.
The ever evolving method of cryptography, or sending messages through code, can be traced throughout the history of the world. Early Egyptians communicated through mysterious hieroglyphics. Ancient Greeks concealed secret messages beneath wax on tables or with tattoos on a slave’s head. During the Renaissance in Europe, citizens would use a substitution cipher to carry messages about political and religious revolutions. During World War I and previous battles, most countries used codes to contact their navy or army branches abroad, in case of enemy interception. Which subsequently brings us to World War II, and the major role that codebreaking played in the results of the war. Some of the main codebreaking events during World War II, the breaking
In July 2015, many of the world’s high ranking cryptographers published that the loss and destruction induced by adopting a key escrow system 20 years ago would be even more serious, that would be very hard to identify security weaknesses that could be misused by
In the rapidly developing field of computer science, there is no more controversial issue than encryption. Encryption has become a highly contested issue with the broad use of global networks including the Internet. As more and more sensitive documents are being placed on computer networks, and trusted information is being sent from computer to computer throughout the world, the need for encryption has never been greater. However, the effects of encryption on our lifestyle and the government's role in encryption has been (and will continue to be) debated for years to come.
Data encryption refers to the process of transforming electronic information into a scrambled form that can only be read by someone who knows how to translate the code. In nowadays business world, it’s the easiest and most practical way to secure the information that we stored and processed, and it’s significant for our sensitive information. For example, as electronic commerce is popular now, the vendors and retailers must protect the customers’ personal information from hackers or competitors. They also have many business files or contracts that need to be strictly protected. Without data encryption, these important information may fall into wrong hands and be misused by others. Besides, data encryption may be used to secure sensitive information that exists on company networks, or create digital signatures, and help to authorize in business. No one should underestimate the importance of encryption. A little mistake in encryption may make sensitive information revealing, or even result in illegal and criminal accuse.
Codes have been around for centuries ranging from wax, invisible ink, Morse code, the Enigma used by the Germans during World War II and now steganographic. Steganography is the latest form to insidiously hide information over the Internet without a trace of a file being altered. You are able to hide messages within images, voice or music. Steganography is an ancient method of hiding messages. Today messages are hidden in images and music. Steganography can be traced back to the ancient Greek who would write messages on tablets and cover them in wax. This made the tablets look blank and unsuspicious (Kolata, F4). Citizens of ancient civilizations would tattoo messages on their shaved heads. They would then let their hair grown in and travel across enemy lines to deliver the message (Seper, G1). During World War II the Allies placed a ban on flower deliveries with dates, crossword puzzles and even report cards (Kolata, F4) for fear of a message being hidden with in. Steganographers first alter their data by using encryption and then place the image into a pre-select image. Steganographers look for a piece of code that would be the least significant and look the least altered to the human eye (Kolata, F4), being as inconspicuousness and random as possible. This makes the messages undetectable unless you knew that there is a message hidden and you were able to crack the code.
In the final analysis, quantum specimens both conceptual, entity, and particles are what sustain human life. Without some time of mystery and amusement humans would never seek to make innovations. Without innovations society would begin to stagnate into a pig sty of rituals. If one society were to collapse, then others would soon follow. This collapse of society is the true Armageddon, the failure of all supernatural quanta to act with normal quanta. Hence the important of quantum physics, it is necessary for life, society, and humanity.
...tal part of lives just like privacy. Using cryptology provides mechanisms through a digital signature. This signature is inserted using a key (that only the writer of the email possesses) whilst a timestamp binds itself to the document. This type of cryptography is used to control access of security installations or pay-per-view television channels.
Cryptography was first used long before the invention of computers. One well-known system was attributed to the reign of Julius Caesar (Klein ix). Another example is the famous Zimmerman telegraph, which was sent from Germany to Mexico during World War I (ix). In a more modern setting, cryptology was mainly used by the government until the late 1970s (Simpson 1). This is largely due to the fact that computers were too expensive, so not many households or businesses had them (1). However, after the computer revolution, cryptology became more public, especially in the business industry where there was a greater need to secure things like transactions (1).
Data encryption refers to the transformation of data into a structure that makes it unreadable by anyone without a secret decryption key. It ensures that messages can be read only by the planned recipient. Encryption is the procedure of obscuring information to create it unreadable without special information. Only organizations and individuals with an abnormal need for secrecy have actually made good use of it. Nowadays, encryption is one of the most important technologies for maintaining your privacy and the security of important information. This helps out greatly especially when E-Commerce is being used.
“In the early years of World War II,” (Sales), the airways in Poland were flooded with coded messages that created confusion with the “cryptanalyst working in the cipher bureau” (Maziakowski). Over a several years over Poland received thousands of messages but still hadn’t any luck.
In this era when the Internet provides essential communication between tens of millions of people and is being increasingly used as a tool for security becomes a tremendously important issue to deal with, So it is important to deal with it. There are many aspects to security and many applications, ranging from secure commerce and payments to private communications and protecting passwords. One essential aspect for secure communications is that of cryptography. But it is important to note that while cryptography is necessary for secure communications, it is not by itself sufficient. Cryptography is the science of writing in secret code and is an ancient art; In the old age people use to send encoded message which can be understand by the receiver only who know the symbolic and relative meaning of that encoded message .The first documented use of cryptography in writing dates back to circa 1900 B.C. Egyptian scribe used non-standard hieroglyphs in an inscription. After writing was invented cryptography appeared spontaneously with applications ranging from diplomatic missives to war-time battle plans. It is no surprise, then, that new forms of cryptography came soon after the widespread development of computer communications. In telecommunications and data cryptography is necessary when communicating in any untrusted medium, which includes any network, particularly the Internet [1].Within the context of any application-to-application communication, there are some security requirements, including: