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values and principles which underpin teaching children with downs syndrome
development of down syndrome essay
development of down syndrome essay
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Down Syndrome All human beings are made up cells. In every cell, there is specific DNA that contains genetic material, which makes up a person. Genes are what is responsible for our appearance, and traits. Naturally, a cell is made up of 23 chromosomes. Whenever a person has an extra copy of chromosome 21; this individual will have Down syndrome. “It's this extra genetic material that causes the physical features and developmental delays associated with DS.” (“Down Syndrome.”). It can be inherited from one, or both of the parents. This genetic mutation affects individuals in the same way, however; it can be to different extremes. Some are mildly affected by this, while life for other people could be extremely difficult and challenging. Down syndrome is a different disorder, and it affects all types of people, no matter what color or gender. Not only affecting the mental aspects of an individual, but also their physical appearance. Everyday activities involve a struggle and challenge to not only the one diagnosed, but with the ones involved. Down syndrome can be diagnosed and tested in two types of ways: prenatal screening tests, and prenatal diagnostic tests. The screening test cannot completely tell if the child will have Down syndrome; this test just shows the likelihood of the fetus having it. If this test shows a likelihood of Down syndrome, a diagnostic test can be used to test the certainty whether or not the child will have Downs. In the diagnosis process of prenatal screens, there are several options. The first would be a blood and ultrasound test, taking place during the first trimester of the pregnancy. This is normally the most effective option, while the pregnancy is still in the first trimester. During this, the... ... middle of paper ... ...osaic Down Syndrome Association. IMDSA, n.d. Web. 16 May 2014. Peoples, Susan J. Stars of Success: Understanding How Children With Down Syndrome Learn. 1st ed. N.p.: Special Offspring, L.L.C., 2013. Print. Pulsifer, Lisa. "Down Syndrome Behavior in Children." EHow. Demand Media, 20 Oct. 2009. Web. 30 Apr. 2014. "Recreation & Friendship." NDSS. National Down Syndrome Society, 2012. Web. 01 May 2014. Selikowitz, Mark. Down Syndrome: The Facts. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1997. Print. "Social Development for Downs." Social Development for Individuals with Downs. Down Syndrome Education International, 1996. Web. 01 May 2014. "What Are Common Treatments for Down Syndrome?" What Are Common Treatments for Down Syndrome? NIH, 9 Apr. 2014. Web. 11 May 2014. "What Is Down Syndrome?" NDSS. National Down Syndrome Supply, 2012. Web. 28 Apr. 2014
Mans, L., Cicchetti, D., & Sroufe, L. (1978). Mirror reactions of Down's syndrome infants and toddlers: Cognitive underpinnings of self-recognition. Child Development, 49(4), 1247-1250. doi:10.2307/1128771
Upon entering the world on the 25th day of June 2014 — brown skinned Asha Rose 's little slanted eyes, toes with gaps in between them, and distinct face shape led her doctors to believe she had Down Syndrome. She was diagnosed with a chromosomal condition in which babies’ developmental milestones and overall health is grossly affected. Expressly, as a result, Asha Rose has a congenital heart condition called Atrial Septic Defect. Considerably, several doctors have stated she may need surgery to remediate the effects of this defect. However, the two year old Asha Rose has proven perseverant. As an illustration of her tenacious spirit, at she walks like a boss and even says two word sentences.
As Moms, we are always hopeful that we will deliver perfect children, and most of the time we do. When Mother Nature steps in though, and that doesn’t happen, it’s those parents that step up to the plate to raise and love that child that deserve the accolades. One such family that I personally know is my daughter-in-law. Her younger brother is a special needs child and she grew up as a middle-child with the focus on the younger brother. She recently graduated with a degree in Special Needs Education, but instead chose to pursue another path with younger children. After a life-time of dedication to her younger brother, she decided to take a break. When I met her family, I was in awe of the love and care, the dedication to the brother and the sacrifices that the other family made in order to raise him at home. He just turned twenty-two and graduated from a special school, with honor and pride. Much of what I read in this amazing book remin...
Having Down Syndrome is a Horizontal identity. Most Americans view people with Down’s to be disabled and do not thing much past that. But, many people with Down’s see this simply as a part of who they are, just as much as the color of their eyes. To them, it is not a disability, but just a fact of life. Many outsiders do not understand this, which is why the Down’s community is so important. The Down’s community provides those with Down’s acceptance to their identity. While the rest of society rejects and pities them, within their community they can relate with others and be treated equally. Unlike with vertical identities where the parents are automatically insiders, parents must choose to whether or not to support their children’s horizontal identities. Some parents choose not to accept Down’s before the child is born and terminate the pregnancy while others do their best to make sure their child is comfortable in the world. Again, in more recent years, there are movements for society to be more educated and inclusive for those with Down Syndrome, but there is still a long way to go.
There is no actual behavior or environmental factor that could cause Down syndrome. Down syndrome is mainly caused by three different disorders. Trisomy 21, Mosaic Down Syndrome, or Translocation Down Syndrome, are three different types of causes. “Trisomy 21. About 95 percent of the time, Down syndrome is caused by trisomy 21 — the child has three copies of chromosome 21 (instead of the usual two copies) in all cells. This is caused by abnormal cell division during the development of the sperm cell or the egg cell.” Trisomy is the most common cause for the Down syndrome disorder. The Mosaic Down syndrome is a one of the rare causes that the disorder has. This happens when both normal and abnormal are caused by cell division after fertilization. Translocation Down Syndrome occurs when a part of the chromosome 21 attaches itself to another chromosomes and then it has two unusual copies of the chromosome. Children who have the disorder are different individuals and have different facial appearance. “Infants with Down syndrome may be average size, but typically they grow slowly and remain shorter than other children the same age. In general, developmental milestones, such as sitting and crawling, occur at about twice the age of children without impairment.” Knowing about all the causes or symptoms in Down syndrome can help to try to figure out a way to help the
It is well known that children have Down syndrome within physical features. They are not different than a person who does not have Down syndrome, but their physical features are quite different such as, facial appearance in the face, which is flatter. They also have a slant within their eyes, smaller ears and protruding tongue which is slightly bigger and suspends out a part from the mouth. (2)
Van Riper, Marcia. ?Living with Down Syndrome: The Family Experience.? Down Syndrome Quarterly. Volume 4, Number 1 March 2005. http://www.denison.edu/dsq/vanriper.shtml
In 1886, physician John Langdon Down was the first scientist to identify Down syndrome. Down was the administrator of a mental institute for children in Surrey, England. From his observations and work at the institute, he was able to identify a set of children who exhibited characteristics such as short nose, broad flat face, short and broad hands, which are features commonly identified with Down syndrome. He later wrote an essay entitled “Observations of the Ethnic Classification of Idiots” in which he asserts the notion that it was possible to classify different types of health conditions through race. His essay included his now famous classification of what is today known as Down syndrome, which he categorized as the Mongol...
...sek J. (2009). Language Characteristics in Individuals with Down Syndrome. National Institutes of Health. pp.112-132.
"Down syndrome." South African Medical Journal 101.1 (2011): 6. Health Reference Center Academic. Web. 16 Apr. 2014.
McFarlane, J., Groff, J., O’Brien, A. & Watson, K. (2003) Behaviors of children who are
Another technology that has been around for a while is the general ultrasound. In the article by Jennifer Wang she states, “The risk of a patient having a fetus with Down syndrome can be assessed non-invasively using fetal markers seen on ultrasound.
Down Syndrome Education Online -. Education online. 1996-2013. Web. The Web. The Web.
Down syndrome is a medical condition where extra genetic material physically and mentally delays the way that a child develops (KidsHealth). Laws have been put in place to ensure that children with disabilities, including Down syndrome, are guaranteed to a free public education (National Down Syndrome Society). However, students typically at the elementary level, do not completely understand that other students with disabilities are just like them, regardless of their disability. It is more beneficial for students with down syndrome or those with other disabilities if teachers and administrators educated other students on how people with disabilities learn and function (National Down Syndrome
Heward, W. L. (2013). Exceptional children: An introduction to special education (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.