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Development of the Submarine
Throughout history, navies have made significant impacts in the technological development of human kind. These impacts range from improvements in metal technologies made while perfecting the cannon to the advent of cybernetics, which allowed more precise targeting of weaponry. One of the more sophisticated developments in naval history has been the invention of the submarine. The submarine was born in 1620 as a leather-covered rowboat built by Cornelius
Drebbel. After Robert Fulton came up with a more modern prototype in 1800, the military advantages of a nearly invisible warship were quickly divined. However, they remained unrealized for quite a while. Although Fulton probably foresaw that his invention would be used for war, he hardly could have envisioned it launching projectiles with the capability to level entire countries. However, after a series of innovations in nuclear missile and submarine designs, the submarine-launched ballistic missile has become an integral part of our naval weapons arsenal.
To understand the need for the development of nuclear missile submarines, there is a need to examine the political climate of the world in the era after
World War II. The realignment of the superpowers after the war resulted in a unique situation. The two major naval powers of the day, Great Britain and the
United States, were now allied against the greatest land power in history in the
Soviet Union. In the period from 1955 to 1965, the advantage was heavily in favor of the U.S. As the United States had developed the atomic and hydrogen bombs first, they obviously gained a head start which developed into a decisive nuclear advantage. This advantage acted as an effective deterrent to any Soviet movement into Western Europe. However, as the Soviet nuclear arsenal expanded
(mostly during the Kennedy administration), it became necessary to effect a balance in the area of conventional warfare or to make more inroads in nuclear weapons development. Before this could be accomplished, however, advancements in submarine technology had to made as well.
The submarines of World War II, although effective in their roles, were rather primitive. A noisy, slow, shallow-diving sub would hardly be a capable missile submarine as it could be easily detected and destroyed. Even so, before the end of the war, there were intelligence reports in America that the German
Navy had developed a U-boat capable of towing or carrying V-2 rockets to launch sites near the U.S. east coast. Although these reports turned out to be false, the Germans had been developing a type of submersible barge to tow V-2s. This scare prompted the American development of ballistic missile submarines.
After reading William R. Keylor's The Legacy of the Great War, I realized the important events that pertain to the international relations. Until our present day there has not been so many great leaders come together to address issues such as: politics, economics, and social settings in Europe. This is the beginning of the problems in European civilization.
Viotti, P., & Kauppi, M. (2013). International Relations and World Politics. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Inc.
In the summer 1993 edition of the journal Foreign Affairs, Huntington argued that world politics was entering a new phase after the end of the Cold War, and that tensions between civilizations, as the highest cultural groupings of people, would dominate the global scene. He explains the article’s thesis in these words.
Danziger, James N. Understanding the Political World: A Comparative Introduction to Political Science. New Jersey: Pearson, 2013. Print.
Since the 15th century the world has been through three major power shifting, as Fareed Zakaria describe in his book “The Post-American World”. Zakaria analyze that the first power shifting began in the 15th century and took place in most of European countries, this was the era of the development of modern science and technology, it is also produced such a long history of political dominance of the nations of the west. . The second shift was the rise of the United States in end of 19th century, right after it industrialized the United States emerged as the most developed and strongest country in the world, and for the last century the United States has dominated the global economics, politics, sciences and cultures. What we are facing right
Mingst, Karen A., and Jack L. Snyder. Essential Readings in World Politics. N.p.: W.W. Norton, 2013. Print.
The chosen level of analysis and international relation theory to explain this event are the individual-level of analysis and realism. This level of analysis focuses on the individuals that make decisions, the impact of human nature, the behavior of individuals acting in an organization, and how personality and individual experiences impact foreign policy...
The H.L. Hunley started out with two men named James McClintock, who built gauges for steam-operated equipment, and Horace Lawson Hunley, an owner of a large plantation who worked as a lawyer and a customs officer in New Orleans. Horace got mad at the Union because of the blockade. He was not able to ship or sell his sugar and cotton. He became so mad that he became captain of a blockade runner, a ship that moved supplies by moving silently through the blockade at night. Horace wanted to build a submarine that would destroy the large barges that formed the blockade using a torpedo attached to the submarine that would destroy something right on target. He and McClintock teamed up in Mobile, Alabama and started working on submarines.
The important area of debate in the definition of politics is where the political world ends and the other areas of the world start; if it is made clear where each perspective views this barrier to occur then by evaluating a perspective against its competitors a conclusio...
The creation of the study of international relations in the early 20th century has allowed multiple political theories to be compared, contrasted, debated, and argued against one another for the past century. These theories were created based on certain understandings of human principles or social nature and project these concepts onto the international system. They examine the international political structure and thrive to predict or explain how states will react under certain situations, pressures, and threats. Two of the most popular theories are known as constructivism and realism. When compared, these theories are different in many ways and argue on a range of topics. The topics include the role of the individual and the use of empirical data or science to explain rationally. They also have different ideological approaches to political structure, political groups, and the idea that international relations are in an environment of anarchy.
Most people have some sort of familiarity with submarine crafts; most of which are most likely related to the navy. This is a very accurate depiction of submarines, as they are primarily used for this, however, they are used in areas of scientific research as well. The purpose of this web page is to go into the history of the submarine to see how it has developed over time. We will also look at how a submarine works, from a physics standpoint.
The presidential election of 1988 marks an end to eight years of Reagan administration. As the nominee opposing republican candidate George Bush, Michael Dukakis' role is great: he embodies the new Democrat, who could turn the US away from the social darwinism that successions of republican governments, as well as leftover Red Scare, led to. The main theme in his speech was unsurprisingly the social issue. But, more daring, Candidate Dukakis also introduced the voters to a new view on international politics, modern adaptation of a feeling that was mainly witnessed during the post-Vietnam period.
Whenever world politics is mentioned, the state that appears to be at the apex of affairs is the United States of America, although some will argue that it isn’t. It is paramount we know that the international system is shaped by certain defining events that has lead to some significant changes, particularly those connected with different chapters of violence. Certainly, the world wars of the twentieth century and the more recent war on terror must be included as defining moments. The warning of brute force on a potentially large scale also highlights the vigorousness of the cold war period, which dominated world politics within an interval of four decades. The practice of international relations (IR) was introduced out of a need to discuss the causes of war and the different conditions for calm in the wake of the first world war, and it is relevant we know that this has remained a crucial focus ever since. However, violence is not the only factor capable of causing interruption in the international system. Economic elements also have a remarkable impact. The great depression that happened in the 1920s, and the global financial crises of the contemporary period can be used as examples. Another concurrent problem concerns the environment, with the human climate being one among different number of important concerns for the continuing future of humankind and the planet in general.
Dimitter, Lowell. World Politics. 1st ed. Vol. 55. New York: Johns Hopkins UP, 2002. 38-65.
A critically crafted and reliable standpoint on subject of political analysis that should set standards for other books to come and to be published. The author Colin Hay develops a critical approach to political science that is based on critical-realistic foundation. This book is perhaps the best introduction to political science accessible. It has a deep yet comprehensible introduction to some of the essential questions of political analysis. This book aims to present a critical introduction of a series of issues of modern-day controversy in political analysis, as well as its significance and impacts. This book seeks to have a say to the emergent spontaneous turn in political science and international relations. This book is initially introduced by a fundamental question: What is political analysis? This brilliant analysis introduces the key concepts and key themes used by modern-day political analysts. To deeply explain such, Colin Hay considered a brief and concise introduction on the nature of political analysis before acquainting the readers the core theoretical aspects of political analysis, which have come to delineate the mainstream argument and debate in political science and international relations today. Colin Hay has narrowed down the diverse theoretical perspectives into three distinct analytical traditions – rationalism, behavioralism, and institutionalism.