Developing Tibet
Since the communist takeover in 1951, China has directed tremendous amounts of policy towards improving Tibet’s economy, and assimilating the region into the Chinese Han culture. China has attempted to move Tibet from a primitive self-sufficient society, to a modern, agricultural, and industrial Chinese society. Before the communists entered the region, Tibet was a deeply religious society of mainly nomads where animal husbandry and agriculture formed the basis of the economy. The Buddhist faith was the foundation of society, which preached the concept of not concerning one’s self with material wealth. A constant search for inner peace, and spiritual fulfillment were the aspirations of most Tibetans in society, and all Tibetans acknowledged the Dalai Lama as the Religious and Political leader. There was no opposition towards his authority, and the peaceful society that he led. This all changed when the Chinese communists entered in 1951. The communist takeover has sent Tibet into a crash course of modernization. Development projects throughout the whole region have been instituted in order to improve economic indicators such as GDP and average household wealth. China utilized Tibet’s natural resources in order to gain wealth and help the Tibetan economy modernize. Today, Tibet is a far different place from fifty years ago. The capital of Lhasa, once a deeply religious society home to the Dalai Lama, has become an increasingly modern Chinese society, where Tibetans own very little productive property, and the traditional Tibetan values by which it was ruled have withered away. The result of Chinese modernization of Tibet has helped out the macro economy considerably, but the distribution of this wealth has ...
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In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how china's modernization of tibet has helped out the macro economy, but the distribution of wealth has left the tibetan cultural identity on the verge of extinction.
- Explains that the chinese have had separate periods of policy towards tibet since the communist invasion in 1951. the chinese view the tibetan society as backward and primitive.
- Analyzes how the cultural revolution forced tibetans to import grain, while farmers and nomads were given the rights to their production inputs. the dalai lama calls for restoration and protection of tibet's natural resources
- Analyzes how china's modernization of tibet has helped out the macro economy, but the distribution of wealth has left the tibetan cultural identity on the verge of extinction.
- Explains that the chinese have had separate periods of policy towards tibet since the communist invasion in 1951. the chinese view the tibetan society as backward and primitive.
- Analyzes how the cultural revolution forced tibetans to import grain, while farmers and nomads were given the rights to their production inputs. the dalai lama calls for restoration and protection of tibet's natural resources
- Explains that tibet has immense amounts of geothermal energy resources that the chinese have begun to utilize.
- Analyzes how the chinese built the qinghai-tibet highway and the sichuan- tibi highway to connect lhasa to the rest of china. the railroad project will boost economic growth in tibet.
- Explains that tourism has a huge impact on the tibetan economy and its adverse effects on culture and environment.
- Describes puncog's life as a tour guide and wants to study english and other languages abroad. he has been influenced by foreigners and has turned towards western values and lifestyles.
- Analyzes how the destruction of traditional tibetan buildings and the construction of large chinese office buildings have created a lhasa completely different from that when the dalai lama lived there.
- Explains that the chinese who come to lhasa have more money, more skills, and receive preferential treatment from the government. tibetans are being replaced in almost all areas of the economy.
- Opines that the development of tibet has led to huge increases in gdp and other economic indicators. before the chinese entered, tibet was a primitive self-sufficient society.
- Explains that the traditional tibetan economy was a primitive self-sufficient society with little trade and no commerce or industry.
- Analyzes how the chinese have attempted to exploit the tibetan region's natural resources and modernize agriculture, industry, national defense, and technology.
- Explains that population transfer is a policy that transfers incredible amounts of chinese to tibet for two purposes: improving the economy and purging traditional tibetan society and culture.
- Compares the incomes of the chinese workers on the massive railroad project with those of tibetans who aren't benefiting from the development projects.
- Opines that the chinese development projects have destroyed the tibetan culture and put the people in a subordinate class in order for chinese domination.
- Explains ga, zha, shu-hsing, liao, yaowen, dong, wei, jing and mingzhen, sun.
- Cites sines, abigail, pan, philip p., and pan.
- Analyzes bodeen, christopher, bin, ling, and bin on tibet's special economic policies.
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In this essay, the author
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- Describes goldstein, melvyn c., the snow lion and the dragon: china, tibet, and dalai lama.
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- Explains that tibet's early history is centered on isolationism mainly because they feared the western world would corrupt their buddhist way of life.
- Analyzes how china realized how easily it could lose tibet and took a more active role in day-to-day tibetan affairs. the dalai lama was no longer recognized as the ruler of tibet by the chinese.
- Describes how the chinese invaded tibet and converted it into a communist state. the fourteenth dalai lama fled to dharmsala, india.
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- Explains that thamzing was the chinese's preferred way of bringing about change in the tibetan population.
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- Explains that dr. choedrak was thrown into a small prison cell, where he was kept alone, and interrogated at the end of each week. he was tied up and beaten with boots across the face.
- Explains how thamzing was implemented as a form of punishment in the prisons. it was seen as being discontent with what china had given them.
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- Explains that chinese authorities in tibet use torture as a means of political repression, punishment, and intimidation.
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- Opines that they hope that negotiations will provide for genuine autonomy for the tibetan people and the preservation and promotion of their cultural, religious, and linguistic integrity as well as their socio-economic development.
- Opines that the tibetans have lived under the cruel, iron fist of the communist chinese government for over 40 years.
- Explains avedon, john f., in exile fro mthe land of the snows, harper perrenial, new york, 1997.
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- Explains that melvyn c. goldstein's the snow lion and the dragon: china, tibet, and the dalai lama.
- Explains that sharma, s.k., and sharma usha (eds.). encyclopedia of tibet.
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- Explains that a precise definition of genocide was instituted by the general assembly of the united nations in 1948.
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- Explains that the chinese have repeatedly tortured, imprisoned and murdered tibetans for what they claim is national unity. the oppression of the tibetan people began in the 1950’s with the invasion of china.
- Explains that a precise definition of genocide was instituted by the general assembly of the united nations in 1948.
- Explains china's policy of political imprisonment is a clear act of genocide. it is used to incite bodily and mental harm and inflict conditions of life calculated to bring about the destruction of the tibetan people.
- Opines that torture and ill-treatment remain widespread and systemic in china, and that many acts which constitute torture are not offenses under the law.
- Explains that tibetans are arrested and put through such treatment with little to no evidence supporting them as criminals. in 1992, chinese raided tibetan homes in lhasa arresting more than 200 people.
- Argues that china justifies its human rights violations by committing acts of genocide within the prison system.
- Analyzes how the tibet information network's study of 879 cases showed that the largest counterrevolutionary offenses were demonstrating and distributing leaflets.
- Explains that once arrested for crimes of counterrevolution prisoners are either placed in police lock-up or in one of the many detention centers found throughout tibet. prisoners may be held without charge for three months or longer while their cases are under investigation.
- Explains that torture is the most common form of interrogating prisoners in the detention centers. the 1996 white paper on human rights noted that in 1994 there were 409 cases of extorting confessions
- Explains that the un convention against torture act requires china to prevent, forbid, and criminalize all acts of torture. however, torture is limited to "torture to coerce a statement or corporal punishment or abuse by judicial officers."
- Explains that the laojiao system is a heinous form of detaining prisoners through forced labor and living conditions. on the fortieth anniversary of the system, it had taken in over 2.5 million people throughout china.
- Explains jampel tsering's account of the detention center of gutsa and the re-education through labor center in drapchi are prime examples of genocide the chinese commit daily.
- Narrates how they were physically searched and then taken to their cells. the chinese deliberately made an assortment of all the bits of food that were just thrown on the floor or left over.
- Analyzes jampel's experience in a chinese prison system. he was beaten with an electric baton for possessing prayer beads and shocked on the mouth for fifteen minutes.
- Explains that prisoners are detained and tortured without being brought before a court of law. lack of due process in the chinese legal system allows for such conditions.
- Explains that the structure of the chinese legal system ensures that most arrested tibetans are found guilty of a crime, whether they committed it or not.
- Explains that serious bodily and mental harm, as well as the conditions of life inflicted on the tibetans, are not the only acts of genocide the chinese commit.
- Explains that sterilization is the chief form of birth control in tibet, similar to the coercion that is used to extort confessions from prisoners.
- Argues that china's policies regarding births in tibet are the same for all chinese people, but there is no legitimate reason for population control. the population density of tibet is one-hundredth that of china.
- Analyzes the unsettling aspects of china's birth control policy in tibet, such as infanticide. the patriotic desire of some tibetan women is overrun by the buddhist sentiment of seeing killing as the highest crime.
- Argues that chinese policies that deny reproductive rights to tibetan women are in place as another attempt to rid the world of the tibetan society.
- Opines that the influx of chinese into tibet is another means of effectively destroying tibetans as a class of people.
- Explains that the chinese government is doing everything in its power to ensure that chinese citizens move to tibet and start families there.
- Explains that tibet's ethnic composition and culture are in danger. the dalai lama sees the transference of chinese into tibet as seriously endangering the culture, religion, and language of these people.
- Analyzes how an eleven-year-old elementary school student articulates the loss of identity among the tibetan people due to chinese laws.
- Analyzes how the chinese epitomize genocide by targeting the tibetan people as a specific ethnic group and destroying their culture through criminal and non-criminal means.
- Explains that while chinese citizens receive many economic benefits to live in tibet, the tibetans themselves reap nothing and are often forced into labor.
- Explains that a project using compulsory labor was the building of an irrigation canal from risure to nedong and then to lhoka. while chinese citizens doing similar work were paid wages, the tibetans were forced to work without pay to benefit "their" land.
- Explains that prisoners are forced to mine borax and the lhasa ngachen hydro-electric plant was built with prison labor. while this labor kills and tortures the tibetan people, it is extremely beneficial to the chinese.
- Explains the chinese government's approach to eradicating tibetan peoples and their traditional ways of life through stifling religious beliefs.
- Explains that monks and nuns are imprisoned for following their beliefs. traditional buddhist rituals, and political indoctrination by chinese officials in places of worship are also outlaws.
- Explains that the lack of religious freedom in tibet destroys the culture of a people and leads to the brutalization and terrorization of some of the highest-ranking monastic officials. rinzen kunsang and the shungseb nunnery are examples.
- Recounts how they were handcuffed, stripped, and beaten with bamboo sticks and electric batons. they fainted during the beatings, telling them that due to their age, they had not suffered in the old days.
- Analyzes how a nun at the gari nunnery was tortured for demonstrating. she described the guards using electric batons on her body.
- Analyzes the chinese government's use of political and social ideologies to rationalize their laws and regulations.
- Analyzes how the chinese government's laws single out the tibetan people as a specific ethnicity which does not have the right to exist.
- Explains that the transfer of chinese citizens into tibet through government sponsored incentives is similar to previous genocidal policies which "forcibly transferred children of one group to another".
- Opines that cultural genocide is part of china's larger genocidal committing against tibet. laws which deny tibetans religious freedom, school tibetan children in chinese customs, and monitor any form of tibetan culture destroy the tibetan people.
- Analyzes how the united states secretary of state, colin powell, has stated many of these offenses in his reports, but fails to categorize them as genocide.
- Opines that it is time for the world to stop listening to china's ideological claims and see their treatment of tibetans as genocide.
4115 wordsRead More - Human Rights Violations in Tibetopinion essayKurlantzick, Joshua. "The End of Tibet."ProQuest. Rolling Stone LLC, 8 Feb 2007. Web. 25 Oct 2013.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that the people's republic of china has enacted harsh, severe, unforgiving policies against tibetans who show even the slightest hint of resistance to the chinese government.
- Opines that the chinese have for years forced tibetan women to undergo compulsory abortions and sterilizations, as there are relatively few tibetans, and there is legislation exempting minorities from china’s official one child policy.
- Explains that tibetan culture revolves around the reverence of all life, which has preserved the ecology of the plateau of tibet and the himalayas.
- Opines that the people's republic of china has enacted harsh, severe, unforgiving policies against tibetans who show even the slightest hint of resistance to the chinese government.
- Opines that the chinese have for years forced tibetan women to undergo compulsory abortions and sterilizations, as there are relatively few tibetans, and there is legislation exempting minorities from china’s official one child policy.
- Explains that tibetan culture revolves around the reverence of all life, which has preserved the ecology of the plateau of tibet and the himalayas.
- Explains that since the chinese invaded tibet in 1949, they have been unnecessarily arresting tibetans for showing the slightest hint of resistance to the government, or even showing admiration or approval of those who do so.
- Explains that the people's republic of china has long used torture to cruelly extract confessions from and punish suspected criminals.
- Opines that the chinese have no respect for tibetans' right to privacy. they have increased surveillance across the region, especially of former prisoners and returnees from exile.
- Opines that there is little evidence to suggest there has been a notable increase in the wellbeing of tibetans under chinese rule.
- Analyzes khabir's "human rights show no improvement in tibet." proquest. targeted news service, jun 2010.
- Cites karmel, solomon m., kurlantzick, joshua, and sautman, barry. "ethnic tension and the struggle for order: china's policies in tibet."
- Cites sha, li's contribution to human rights campaign in memory of the fiftieth anniversary of democratic reform in tibet.
1086 wordsRead More - Apollo 11 Moon Landing: Fake Or False?explanatory essayThe 1969 U.S. Apollo 11 moon landing could not have been fake or staged because the moon landing was broadcasted live. An estimated 600 million people watched the moon landing. The Apollo program was an aggressive push to put a man on the moon before the end of the 1960s and before the Russians. On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first man on the moon, followed about 20 minutes later by Buzz Aldrin. “Apollo 11 landed on the moon at 4:17 p.m. EDT on July 20, 1969, and walked on moon at 10:56 p.m. EDT,” says the smithsonian air and space museum."Houston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle has landed." Neil
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the 1969 u.s. apollo 11 moon landing could not have been fake or staged because the apollo program was an aggressive push to put a man on the moon before the end of the 1960s.
- Explains that the 1969 u.s. apollo 11 moon landing could not have been fake or staged because the apollo program was an aggressive push to put a man on the moon before the end of the 1960s.
113 wordsRead More - Tibetan Buddhism and the Island of Kauaiopinion essayIt may be difficult to imagine how the Chinese revolution, the Buddha, and a princess shaped the path of Tibetan Buddhism into the Hawaiian islands, particularly in the island of Kauai. This essay will illustrate how my experience at a Buddhist burial ground in Kauai had its roots in Beijing, Lhasa, and Lumbini. I will argue that the presence of Tibetan Buddhism on the island of Kauai was primarily driven by the Communist revolution in China in 1949 and their reannexation of Tibet in 1959. This paper will show how the Buddhism came to Tibet from India on the Middle Ages and moved to the United States in the 1950s and 1960s. The story of how Tibetan Buddhism got to Hawaii is followed by an analytical description of a Tibetan Buddhist burial mound in Kauai.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how the chinese revolution, the buddha, and a princess shaped the path of tibetan buddhism into the hawaiian islands, particularly in the island of kauai.
- Explains buddhism and buddhist philosophy can have a substantial amount of unfamiliar terminology and specific meanings for words we think we know the definition to.
- Explains how tibetan buddhism got to hawaii from nepal. the namesake of the movement was a spiritual leader born around the fifth century bc.
- Analyzes how the chinese revolution, the buddha, and a princess shaped the path of tibetan buddhism into the hawaiian islands, particularly in the island of kauai.
- Explains buddhism and buddhist philosophy can have a substantial amount of unfamiliar terminology and specific meanings for words we think we know the definition to.
- Explains how tibetan buddhism got to hawaii from nepal. the namesake of the movement was a spiritual leader born around the fifth century bc.
- Narrates how buddhism and its respective technologies, writing and art, eventually find their way to the highlands of tibet via a chinese princess married to
- Describes how the red army retakes tibet in 1959 under the pretext of social revolution and historic dominion over the tibet. kalu rinpoche, the founder of tibetan buddhism in hawaii, established dharma centers around the world.
- Describes the kauai peace park and stupa, built in 2009 by the kagyu school to create places of peace and tranquility for the local community.
- Opines that the peacefulness of the park was intentional, but not disciplinary. they found a small sanctuary that provided information about the peace park and the dharma sanctuary.
- Opines that tibetan buddhism would have died out if not for the excitement and curiosity of the west for what is seen as the most mysterious branch of buddhism.
- Opines that tibet's entire raison d'etre is predicated on chinese oppression and western interest.
1038 wordsRead More - The Enforcement of International Lawanalytical essay(27) Canada Tibet Committee. “World Tibet Network News.” 1 Jan 2003. www.tibet.ca/wtnarchive/2003/1/1_3.html (6 March 2003).
In this essay, the author
- Opines that exploitation of human rights is not justified in governmental documentation, but do in fact get carried out in practice.
- Explains that tenzin delek rinpoche and lobsang dhondup were arrested and charged with involvement in a series of bombings in kandze and chengdu.
- Explains that the u.s.-tibet committee said there was no "substantial evidence against the two tibetans." both had proclaimed their innocence in the december trials.
- Opines that exploitation of human rights is not justified in governmental documentation, but do in fact get carried out in practice.
- Explains that tenzin delek rinpoche and lobsang dhondup were arrested and charged with involvement in a series of bombings in kandze and chengdu.
- Explains that the u.s.-tibet committee said there was no "substantial evidence against the two tibetans." both had proclaimed their innocence in the december trials.
- Explains that the buddhist leader, tenzin delek rinpoche, has been credited with decreasing crime and tension between both tibetan and chinese settlers.
- Opines that lobsang dhondup's trial was unfair and violates international law standards and guarantees of a fair trial to all persons.
- Opines that the failure of dhondup and rinpoche to be provided with adequate legal representation is worth taking a closer look at for the purpose of revealing an aspect of the judicial proceedings.
- Explains that chinese criminal procedural law defines counter-revolutionary actions as "committed with the goal of overthrowing the political power of the proletariat and the socialist system."
- Argues that the arbitrariness of judicial proceedings in china does not provide the minimum standards protected by the universal declaration of human rights.
- Explains the conference of international lawyers statement on issues relating to self-determination and independence for tibet.
- Argues that china fails to comply with international human rights' norms set forth by the united nations charter. the international law commission encourages the development of international law and its codification.
- Explains that the misunderstanding of the chinese as facilitators to the protection of human rights rarely occurs anymore even considering a possible misrepresentative reading of policy in government issued decrees.
- Argues that the revisions to the criminal law and criminal procedure law (cpl) were a turn for the worse, leading to deprivation of due process at the expense of the imprisoned.
- Argues that the chinese legal system's failure to uphold basic human rights to its prisoners of political conscious harms humanity on two fundamental levels.
- Describes the provisions of the people’s republic of china's report on implementation of convention against torture in april 2000.
- Lists the staff of the committee and the department of state, a decade of american foreign policy: basic documents.
- Cites the information office of the state council of the people’s republic of china, which condemned the execution of lobsang dhondup.
4713 wordsRead More - Chinese Occupation Of Tibetexplanatory essaydelt with before a total genocide of the Tibetan cultures occurs. This is a very
In this essay, the author
- Opines that chinese occupation of tibet is a tragedy that should be dealt with before genocide of the tibetan cultures occurs.
- Explains that tibetans can only practice their religion under extensive governmentwatch and thousands of monasteries have been destroyed for voicing their religiousbeliefs.
- Explains that the chinese have reeked havoc on tibet's fragile environment through extensive deforestation and open dumping of nuclear waste. the united nations has failed to punish china for any of its human rights abuses.
- Opines that chinese occupation of tibet is a tragedy that should be dealt with before genocide of the tibetan cultures occurs.
- Explains that tibetans can only practice their religion under extensive governmentwatch and thousands of monasteries have been destroyed for voicing their religiousbeliefs.
- Explains that the chinese have reeked havoc on tibet's fragile environment through extensive deforestation and open dumping of nuclear waste. the united nations has failed to punish china for any of its human rights abuses.
- Explains that corporations from around the world continue to do business with china. the united states renewed china's mostfavored nation trading status, but politicians are reluctant to impose tradesanctions.
312 wordsRead More