Our results highlight the negative consequences of stroke on both the physical and mental dimensions of HRQoL as assessed using the SF-12. Moreover, we must emphasize that quality of life is lower in stroke survivors than in the general population, regardless of type of stroke (Haley et al., 2011; Monteagudo-Piqueras, et al., 2007; Schmidt et al., 2012; Vilagut et al., 2008).
Most of the studies we reviewed evaluate HRQoL beginning at the time of stroke (Castellanos-Pinedo et al., 2012; Haacke et al., 2006; Haley et al., 2011; Patel et al., 2007; Rønning & Stavem, 2008; Maa et al., 2009), but they do not take into account patient status prior to the stroke, as we do here. The cited studies observed that patients improve over time with respect to the first evaluation. However, our study clearly shows that post-stroke status is worse than baseline status prior to stroke, and that quality of life remains lower during the sub-acute phase of stroke.
Concurring with other studies (Carod-Artal et al., 2009; Castellanos-Pinedo et al., 2012; Dhamon et al., 2010; Haacke et al., 2006; Owolabi, 2010; Rønning, & Stavem, 2008), we found that initial stroke severity, functional status, and disability determine the HRQoL in stroke survivors. These factors mainly affect physical domains of HRQoL.
In our study, we examined basic activities of daily living (measured with BI) separately from instrumental activities (measured with IADL). As a result, we observe that dependency for activities of daily living affects a larger number of HRQoL domains than dependency for instrumental activities. These results are coherent with results from other studies (Haacke et al., 2006; Maa et al., 2009). An explanation may be that a decrease in social activity or...
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...ference level is the patient’s status during the preceding week, we believe this information to be more relevant than information taken during the hospital stay or in the first few weeks after discharge.
CONCLUSIONS
The physical and mental well-being of a patient who has suffered a stroke clearly remains affected six months after the event. Stroke severity, disability, female sex, poor social support, and prior strokes have a significant negative impact on the physical and mental domains of generic HRQoL. Our results confirm that stroke has an important impact on many areas of quality of life, and they indicate that health professionals must take a more holistic and comprehensive view of the patient to improve outcomes in this disease. Future studies should investigate sex-related differences in quality of life, and the factors that give rise to these differences.
It is frequently expressed by stroke patients and caregivers that they have not been afforded the suitable information related to stroke, treatments, or post discharge management and recovery, and that the information conveyed is perceived as insufficient and complex. The problem is that there is a failure of healthcare professionals in identifying the learning needs of stroke patients associated with a deficiency in knowledge of just how to access and communicate this crucial information. Indeed, while patient education can be time consuming and nurses may not be properly trained in stroke education it is a nursing duty to provide these teachings to patients and caregivers prior to discharge. This paper will propose an educational plan intended to train, assist, and support nursing staff responsible for stroke patient education, in providing accurate, individualized, guideline based stroke education to patients and families prior to discharge. This plan
A stroke can happen at any age but for patients who are 55 and older, their risk factor will increase due to age and physical activity. “While stroke is common among the elderly, a lot of people under 65 also have strokes”(“About Stroke” page 1). Also at risk are African Americans because of other health issues that can trigger a stroke, for example: high blood pressure, diabetes and obesity. Caucasians and Hispanics are also at. Not only does Ethnicity and age play a factor, but so does other health conditions. Patients who suffer from high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, obesity, alcohol and drug
Atherosclerosis is the culprit behind coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, which is the most common cause of death worldwide and in the United States10. Among the modifiable risk factors of CHD and stroke is the serum low density lipoprotein level (LDL)8, 11. Several randomized clinical trials have established that reducing the serum LDL level results in a reduction in the future risk of CHD and stroke in a linear relationship, in one study it was estimated that reducing the LDL by 1 % would reduce the risk by 1.7 %.1-4, 7, 9, 13
Stroke not only affect the life of the patient but also their significant others, especially the caregiver. Caregiver is identified as the “hidden patient” (Andolstek et al, 1988). Families maintain the primary care responsibility for elderly with chronic illness and disability (Montgomery et al, 1985). The effects of caregiving span across physical health (Grafstrom et al, 1992; Kiecolt-Glasier et al, 1991), mental well-being (Cochrane et al, 1997) and social life (Luterman, D. ,2008; Bakas et al, 2006).
reminders about common misconceptions regarding null hypothesis significance testing. Quality Of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com
The RLT model is holistic, as it identifies five components, including the activities of Daily living (ADL), life span, dependence/independence, factors influencing AL and individuality in living, which are interrelated (Healy & Timmins, 2003; Holland et al, 2004; Roper et al, 1996). Roper et al (2000) view the patient as an individual that lives through the life span, with changing levels of dependence and independence, depending on age, circumstances and the environment (Healy & Timmins, 2003). The twelve ADL are influenced by five factors, namely; biological, psychological, sociocultural, and environmental and politico economic (Healy & Timmins, 2003; Holland et al, 2004; Roper et al, 1996).
Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent among 14.8% of stroke admitted patients. Future studies evaluating the role of vitamin D deficiency among stroke and other cardiovascular patients in our setting are warranted, especially with increased longevity and indoor lifestyle in our population.
The World Health Organisation (2013) explains that an Ischaemic stroke occurs as a result of a blood vessel becoming blocked by a clot, reducing the supply of oxygen to the brain and, therefore, damaging tissue. The rationale for selecting Mary for this discussion is; the author wishes to expand her evidenced based knowledge of stroke since it is the principal cause of disability and the third leading cause of mortality within the Scottish population (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), 2008) and, therefore, a national priority. In response to this priority, the Scottish Government (2009) produced their ‘Better Heart Disease and Stroke Care Action Plan’. Additionally, they have introduced a HEAT target to ensure 90% of stroke patients get transferred to a specialised stroke unit on the day of admission to hospital (Scottish Government, 2012).
Stroke survivors or anyone with chronic illness and health providers remain hopeful and “realistic” by counting on each other. The patients while being realistic about the outcome of their disease, stay hopeful that each of their health care providers will give them the appropriate care and will make sure that they can live with their disease in the best way possible.
Jones, A. (1995). Utilizing Peplau's psychodynamic theory for stroke patient care. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 4(1), 49-54. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1995.tb00010.
Handbook of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests with Nursing Implications (3rd edition). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company.
Researchers reported that 39% to 65% of community-dwelling people with stroke reported limitations in daily activities and restrictions in reintegration into the community. Research on persons with disabilities has shown that a satisfactory return to the community, compared with the performance of daily activities (ADLs and IADLs), is more strongly correlated with enhanced QoL5. Stroke-specific research indicates that decreased in participation after stroke has been linked to negative outcomes. In particular, limitations in participation have been linked to worse health and functional status, depression, increased health care utilization, decreased independence, increased social isolation, and declines in overall QoL and life satisfaction6,7. Stroke survivors unable to continue their previous meaningful activities, including social role, have demonstrated increased post stroke depression6, 8.
1. What is the difference between a. and a. Introduction The main aim of this report is to present and analyse the disease called Cerebrovascular Accident, popularly known as stroke. This disease affects the cerebrovascular system, which is a part of the cardiovascular system.
Stroke is a commonly known disease that is often fatal. This cellular disease occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted by either a blood clot halting the progress of blood cells in an artery, called an Ischemic stroke, or a blood vessel in the brain bursting or leaking causing internal bleeding in the brain, called a hemorrhagic stroke. When this happens, brain cells are deprived of oxygen and nutrients because the blood cells carrying these essential things are stopped, causing them to die. When the cells in the brain die, sensation or movement in a limb might be cut off and may limit an organism’s abilities. A person with stroke is affected depending on where in the brain the stroke occurs. In other words, symptoms of a stroke
Stroke is a serious medical condition that affects people of all ages specifically older adults. People suffer from a stroke when there is decreased blood flow to the brain. Blood supply decreases due to a blockage or a rupture of a blood vessel which then leads to brain tissues dying. The two types of stroke are ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. An ischemic stroke is caused by a blood clot blocking the artery that brings oxygenated blood to the brain. On the other hand, a hemorrhagic stroke is when an artery in the brain leaks or ruptures (“About Stroke,” 2013). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “Stroke is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States and is a major cause of adult disability” (“About Stroke,” 2013). Stroke causes a number of disabilities and also leads to decreased mobility in over half of the victims that are 65 and older. The CDC lists several risk factors of stroke such as heredity, age, gender and ethnicity as well as medical conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and excessive weight gain that in...