DESIGN AND SIMULATE A GAS DEHYDRATION UNIT FOR THE PILOT PLANT AT CNA-Q Proposal submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements for the Diploma of Chemical Processing Technology at the College of the North Atlantic-Qatar By: Osama Shakeel (60072544) Malik Asad Sultan (60072820) Supervisors: Dr. Mohammed Al Mahdawi Mr. Matthew Stranach Advisor Mr. Sandeep Hegde Date March 17, 2014 Table of Contents 1.0 Project statement ………………………………………………………………………… 3 2.0 Background ……………………………………………………………………………… 3 2.1 Importance of natural gas …………………………………………………………. 3 2.2 Natural gas in Qatar …………………………………………………………….. 4 2.3 Natural gas ……...………………………………………………………………… 6 2.4 Problems caused by water ………………………………………………………… 6 3.0 Objectives and Criteria …………………………………………………………………… 7 4.0 Methodology and Timeline …………………………………………………………….. 7 5.0 Resources required ...………………………………………………………………… … 7 6.0 Conclusion ...……………………………………………………………………………… 8 7.0 References ………………………………………………………………………………… 8 List of Tables and Figures Figure 1: Pie chart for natural gas consumption ……………………………………………...…5 Figure 2: Natural Gas production and consumption in Qatar …………………….………………6 Figure 3: Global distribution of natural gas reserves in trillion cubic feet ………….……………6 Table 1: Objectives and Criteria …………………………………………………….……………8 1.0 Project Statement The project chosen for the PR 3214 Capstone Project 1 course is to design and simulate a gas dehydration unit for use in CNA-Q’s Pilot Plant. The unit must have an area of 8-10 m2 and be able to dehydrate the water content to below 65 mg/Sm3. 2.0 Background When natural gas is drilled out of the well, it comes along with many impurities. First, it ... ... middle of paper ... ...he importance of natural gas in Qatar. Natural gas has to be processed through many steps after drilling out from the wells for the removal of impurities. The most important 2 steps are “Gas Sweetening” and “Gas Dehydration”. There is a plant to simulate gas sweetening at CNAQ but no plant for dehydration. This project will provide a complete design with the operating condition for a dehydration plant which can easily be built in the Pilot Plant within an area of 8 to 12m2. References Abdel-Aal, H. K., Fahim, M. A., & Aggour, M. (2003). Petroleum and Gas Field Processing. New York, USA: Marcel Decker Gas Processors Suppliers Association. (2012). Engineering Data Book. Tulsa, Oklahoma: GPSA Kidnay, A. J. (2011). Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Kukemelk, J. (n.d.). Qatar – the biggest exporter of liquid gas in the world. Retrieved
hydrocarbons that forms during the extraction of natural gas and is used as a thinning
U.S. Government. "2012 World Oil Consumption." Countries. U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2012. Web. 03 Dec. 2013. .
One of the largest oil producing areas of the world is located in West Texas.
These refineries are located in three different main locations: Steele City, Nebraska, Wood River and Patoka, Illinois and refineries located on the Gulf Coast of Texas. The pipeline carries three different kinds of oil, which are synthetic crude and diluted bitumen, and also light crude oil. Light crude oil comes from the Bakken formation located in North Dakota and Montana, while the synthetic crude and diluted bitumen come from the oil sands in Canada. There are already three phases of the pipeline in operation and a fourth proposed phase, which has yet to be built. The newest proposed phase has been met with mixed feelings.
Gas in shale formations are“low in permeability,” making it very tedious to extract, but with the increase in technological knowledge in fracking and horizontally drilling into shale beds, the vast reserves of natural gas resource could be extracted (4). Fracking is a large industrial operation that boost the “productivity of a oil or gas well” (5). It is a process by which, under very high pressure, a mixture of water, chemicals, and sand, are pumped into shale formations that causes fractures in the rocks to open wider or create new fractures that would allow otherwise trapped oil and gas to flow into the wells (6).
Also, industry is the largest consumer of natural gas, accounting for 43 percent of natural gas
Michael P. Broadribb, C. (2006). Institution of Chemical Engineers . Retrieved July 26, 2010, from IChemE: http://cms.icheme.org/mainwebsite/resources/document/lpb192pg003.pdf
"United States Oil - Exports - Economy." Index Mundi - Country Facts. Web. 26 May 2011. .
After the oil/gas mixture is drawn from the ground, it is then stored into a storage tank and allowed to rest for a while. Then the gas is piped off to a set of distillation columns to clean up the ethane. In order to activate the chemical reaction necessary to separate the ethane, a thermal cracking unit (a sort of long heated tube) i.e. a plug flow reactor is used. After a series of distillations, ethylene exits the tube.
“We are the Saudi Arabia of natural gas.”-Sen. John Kerry, D-Mass., May 2010. Most know Saudi Arabia has the most oil in the world. Most also know that the United States should cut back on oil use. What better way than using the natural gas that the U.S. has stored in the ground. However many have doubts about the natural gas revolution. Several reports of water contamination have occurred as well as over one thousand documented cases of neurological, sensory, and respiratory damage near fracking wells. Linking fracking to several environmental issues such as, water pollution and disrupting ecosystems, utilizing this technique should not transpire.
Methane concentration is seventeen times higher in drinking water near facturing sites than normal wells. There are cases where the methane levels are too high in drinking water that people can set their tap water on fire. Contaminated well water is then used for drinking waters nearby cities and towns. “There have been over 1,000 documented cases of water contamination next to areas of gas drilling. Also cases of sensory, respiratory and neurological damage due to ingested contaminated water.” It is said that only a small amount of the fracturing fluid is recovered. Leaving the left behind chemicals evaporate and expose harmful chemicals into the atmosphere, creating contaminated air and climate changes due to the acid rain and ground level ozone.
The extraction of crude oil from the Athabasca oil sands is carried out by surface mining and in situ mining. 90% of recoverable bitumen is located too deep to be recovered by surface mining (Mossop, 1980). Both techniques require invasive processes to successfully extract the bitumen from the subsurface and result in degradation of the land upon which they ar...
finding new ways to drill for oil and also refine it more efficiently to ensure that
Biomass gasification is a process by which biofuel is produced. It has been used for over 180 years but in the last decades it has been reconsidered as an interesting technique due to the fact that oil supplies are decreasing. As mentioned before, gasification is a thermal process. Heat is added up in order to convert the organic mass to biofuel. The biomass usually undergoes drying, pyrolysis, partial oxidation and reduction. Nowadays the configurations used for gasification are three: fixed bed gasifier, fluidized bed gasifier and entrained bed gasifiers. The simplest configuration is the
... temperature of 112 0C also and a pressure 2.5 bar. Cooling water is used to condense the vapor exiting column. Remaining methane and hydrogen are separated in reflux drum where the vapor stream is combined with other gases streams. The overhead of first and second separator are combined to form fuel gas. The liquid stream exiting in the bottoms of the reflux drum is pumped at pressure of 3.3 bar for discharging pressure. The pump stream is separated in two streams. One stream is to feed to tray one of the column and the other one stream is cooled down to 38 0C in heat exchanger. Then, the cooled product stream is sent to storage.