INTRODUCTION
Dens Invaginatus (DI) is a rare malformation of teeth, showing a broad spectrum of morphological variation. The tooth crown as well as root may exhibit variations in size and shape. This kind of tooth malformation was first described by Ploquet in 1794, who discovered this anomaly in whale’s tooth. Initial descriptions of dens invaginatus in a human tooth was given by Salter in 1855 1 and Socrates in 1856.2 While Tomes first described a case of coronal DI in 1859.3 Since then various names have been attributed to this anomaly like dens in dente, dilated odontome, tooth inclusion, warty tooth etc.4
The incidence of DI in various population studies is found to vary from 0.25 to 10%. It appears to occur with equal frequency among Caucasian and Asian population (approximately 5%).3 There are two varieties of DI, coronal and radicular. The more common coronal variety usually originates from an anomalous infolding of enamel organ into the dental papilla. ‘Bhatt and Dholakia’ claimed that the radicular invagination usually results from an enfolding of Hertwig’s root sheath.5 Both these types usually show single invagination; though very infrequently double or triple forms have been reported.
It is commonly seen to involve the permanent maxillary lateral incisors and very few cases have been reported in mandibular teeth. Clinically it often appears as a deep pit or fissure on the lingual surface of anterior teeth, leading to an invagination and radiographic examination is the sine qua non for the diagnosis of DI. There is often only a thin layer of enamel and dentine present between defect and pulp, increasing susceptibility to pulpal pathosis. Thus, a report of rare case of dens invaginatus in a mandibular canine sho...
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...ernational Endodontic Journal 1997;30:79-90.
3) Mupparapu M, Singer SR. A rare case presentation of dens invaginatus in a mandibular lateral incisor occurring concurrently with bilateral maxillary dens invaginatus: case report and review of literature, Australian dental journal 2004; 29(4):90-93.
4) Anegundi RT, Kaveri H, Patil SB, Punnya A. Double dens invaginatus in an impacted molariform supernumerary tooth: An unique case report. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Den 2008; 26:s26-s28.
5) Pandey SC, Pandey Rk. Radicular dens invaginatus-a case report. J Indian Soc Pedo Prev 2005; 23: 151-2.
6) Canger EM, Celenk P, Sezgin OM Dens invaginatus on a geminated tooth: a case report. The J Contemp Dent Pract 2007;8(5): 99-115.
7) Suprabha BS. Premolarized double dens in dentine in albinism- a case report. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Den 2005; sept:156-158.
The facts of Fiorucci v. Chinn, 764 S.E.2d 85 (Va. 2014) that originated from Alexandria Circuit Court are as follows. Stephen Chinn was examined by Dr. Richard D. Fiorucci a maxillofacial surgeon for the evaluation of three wisdom teeth. Upon examination Dr. Fiorucci noted that the three wisdom teeth were decaying but were impacted to the bone. He still recommended extraction of the said teeth. Dr. Fiorucci extracted Chinn's upper left wisdom tooth but perforated the bone adjacent to the left sinus leaving a large opening in the sinus. He attempted the extraction of Chinn's lower left wisdom tooth but encountered severe bleeding and halted the surgery, leaving part of the tooth and the root. He did not attempt extraction of the third tooth
Periodontal disease is the inflammation of the structures that support the teeth. This disease is the primary loss of teeth in dogs. It is caused by a build-up of dental plaque on the surfaces of the teeth and around the gums. Bacteria can accumulate in the dental plaque and irritate the gum tissue which leads to the infection of the bone that surrounds the teeth. Some effects of the disease include: bad breath, bleeding gums, oral pain, dropping food from mouth while eating and loss of appetite. In severe cases the teeth may become loose and fall out.
Albinism is a genetic condition present at birth, characterized by a small amount of melanin pigment in the skin, hair and eye. Albinism is an occasional inborn sickness related with vision difficult, which affect one in seventeen thousand persons. It is not a contagious disease and cannot be spread over contact. Albinism affects individuals from all races. Most folks with albinism have parents with a normal color of skin. Some may not even recognize that they are Albino until later on in their life. This paper will be based on the study of albinism, causes, types, the genetic transmission and some possible medical problem.
Incidence Prevalence. It is estimated that 5% of the United States (US) population (or approximately 10,000,000 Americans) are impacted by MDD making it the leading cause of disability in the US (Johnson and Vanderhoef 109). Unfortunately, 15% of MDD sufferers will commit suicide (Johnson and Vanderhoef 109). Thus, the importance of understanding MDD its role in mental health is crucial.
All primates have essentially the same kinds of specialized mammalian teeth adapted to eating a wide variety of foods. Beginning at the front, each quadrant of the mouth has 2 incisors, 1 canine, and varying numbers of premolars and molars. The incisors are used like scissors for nipping off pieces of food. The pointed canines are for piercing and tearing. The premolars and molars, with their cusps, are used to grind and smash food. In platyrrhine species, there are 3 premolars and 2 or 3 molars. This results in a dental formula of 2.1.3.2 or 2.1.3.3. In contrast, all of the catarrhines have 2 premolars and 3 molars, making a dental formula of 2.1.2.3. The chimpanzee shown below is an Old World anthropoid species and, therefore, has a catarrhine dental formula.
Abnormal wear of tooth surfaces was an orthodontic problem early on, even ancient people wanted straight teeth! To close gaps, it has been construed that catgut did the work now done by today’s orthodontic wire. In 400-500 BC, Hippocrates and Aristotle both ruminated about ways to level teeth and fix many dental conditions. It should be noted that in Medieval times, expert barbers often performed dental “operations”, extractions, and procedures such as blood-letting. In seventeen twenty-eight, French Dentist Pierre Fauchard published a book called “The Surgeon Dentist” about ways to straighten and align teeth. He used a device called a “Bandeau,” a horse-shaped piece of precious metal which helped...
Mhanni, A., Cross, H., & Chudley, A. (1999) . Kabuki syndrome: description of dental findings in
Hirschfeld L, Wasserman B (May 1978). "A long-term survey of tooth loss in 600 treated periodontal patients". J. Periodontol. 49 (5): 225–37.doi:10.1902/jop.1978.49.5.225. PMID 277674
Dentinal hypersensitivity is characterized by a short, sharp pain in response to stimuli. Dentinal hypersensitivity, which is more commonly seen in adults in the 20 – 40 – year old age group, has several etiological factors. Gingival recession and enamel loss both contribute to the prevalence of this condition, resulting in the exposure of dentin.
It’s an accessory cusp usually located on the lingual surface of permanent or deciduous incisors.
Since the gene for HD is dominant, there is a 50% chance of a sufferer's
On his initial examination dated 23/06/13 the patient was seen for a routine full mouth scale and polish with reinforced oral hygiene instruction including flossing technique. He presented with excellent oral hygiene at this appointment which was a reflection of his commitment to good oral hygiene; tooth-brushing twice daily and dental flossing once daily. This was further supported by the patients plaque scores at 5% and bleeding scores at 4% with only minimal supra gingival calculus on lower anterior teeth. There was no erythema or oedema present on the gingival tissues.
Dental plaque is broadly classified as supragingival or subgingival based on its position on the tooth surface toward the gingival margin. Supragingival plaque is found at or above the gingival margin. Therefore, it can be further differentiated into coronal plaque, whi...
This may be required in cases when the conventional root canal treatment is unable to save the tooth. It is a minor surgical procedure that involves the removal of the very tip of the tooth after which the gap is sealed. An apicoectomy also enables the endodontist to remove any infection or dead debris at the tip of the root. Once the canal is cleaned up and sealed, the risk of infection is very low. In some cases, the endodontist may use bone grafts or other implant techniques to assist with bone growth, especially in cases where the infection has left a big gap. In most cases, the tooth will be salvaged and normal function is