Denial of Service Attacks
Definition: Denial of Service. A cracker attack that overloads a server to the point that it no longer responds or shuts down completely. To flood a network or individual server with huge amounts of data packets.
How it Works
In a typical connection, the user sends a message asking the server to authenticate it. The server returns the authentication approval to the user. The user acknowledges this approval and then is allowed onto the server. In a denial of service attack, the user sends several authentication requests to the server, filling it up. All requests have false return addresses, so the server can't find the user when it tries to send the authentication approval. The server waits, sometimes more than a minute, before closing the connection. When it does close the connection, the attacker sends a new batch of forged requests, and the process begins again--tying up the service indefinitely.
Types of Attacks
I. Operating System Attacks
These attacks exploit bugs in a specific operating system, which is the basic software that your computer runs, such as Windows 98 or MacOS. In general, when these problems are identified, they are promptly fixed by the company such as Microsoft. So as a first step, always make sure you have the very latest version of your operating system, including all bug fixes. All Windows users should regularly visit Microsoft's Windows update site, which automatically checks to see if you need any updat...
A state variable known as congestion window is implemented by the TCP protocol which stops the clogging of the network by regulating and putting a limit on the data that is sent on the network in turn reducing congestion, timeouts and lost packets.
In this lab, we used Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) which is a connection oriented protocol, to demonstrate congestion control algorithms. As the name itself describes, these algorithms are used to avoid network congestion. The algorithms were implemented in three different scenarios i.e. No Drop Scenario, Drop_Fast Scenario and Drop_NoFast Scenario.
Children as young as the age of five are brought into the armies.” They are also forced into fighting through drugs and alcohol.” (Child Soldiers, To what extent should child soldiers be held accountable for their crimes?) Just like on page 120 of A Long Way Gone,” I took turns at the guarding post around the village, smoking marijuana and sniffing brown brown, cocaine mixed with gunpowder, which was always spread on the table, and of course taking more white capsules, as I had become addicted to them.” He would take this many-many times a day on a daily basis. Ishmael was hooked on these drugs from day one, and ever since he began craving drugs, it became a bad habit to his under developed mind. Being brainwashed was why his rehabilitation took so long. An example of the effects of the drugs was,” During that same week, the drugs were wearing off. I craved cocaine and Marijuana so badly that I would roll a plain sheet of paper and smoke it.” ( Ishmael Beah, A Long Way Gone page 139) It is almost like taking candy away from a baby. You take it away and they will cry to get it back. These drugs and the alcohol are what turned these children into what they so call them “killers”. The sad thing is if these kids refuse to take any of these substances he or she will
As we read through the memoir A Long Way Gone by Ishmael Beah, there are many striking moments or key passages that have a lot of meaning, character development, or plot development. These key moments occur at many times, such as before Ishmael is a soldier, during Ishmael’s time as a soldier, and during rehabilitation from being a soldier. The three most striking of key passages from the book that are important to character development, plot development, and meaning is when Ishmael learned to be more independent, when war and killing becomes a daily part of Ishmael’s life, and the theme of revenge causes more revenge.
The Hacker Crackdown: Law and Disorder on the Electronic Frontier by Bruce Sterling is a book that focuses on the events that occurred on and led up to the AT&T long-distance telephone switching system crashing on January 15, 1990. Not only was this event rare and unheard of it took place in a time when few people knew what was exactly going on and how to fix the problem. There were a lot of controversies about the events that led up to this event and the events that followed because not only did it happen on Martin Luther King Day, but few knew what the situation truly entailed. There was fear, skepticism, disbelief and worry surrounding the people that were involved and all of the issues that it incorporated. After these events took place the police began to crackdown on the law enforcement on hackers and other computer based law breakers. The story of the Hacker Crackdown is technological, sub cultural, criminal, and legal. There were many raids that took place and it became a symbolic debate between fighting serious computer crime and protecting the civil liberties of those involved.
During the 1980s, Sierra Leone was fighting a major civil war which resulted in many people fleeing their homes and many children getting recruited to fight in the war. These kids had no family, food, or shelter and joining the war was their only choice. The book A Long Way Gone, centers around a true story of a boy named Ishmael Beah and his journey through the war. He tells the story of his life and the people he encountered and affected him in different ways. Ishmael had many encounters with different people throughout his journey in Sierra Leone that shaped who he is today, these people include his older brother Junior, his military leaders who he fought with in the war, his friend and nurse from the rehabilitation center, Esther and his Uncle whom he reunited with after he underwent rehabilitation. All these people had specifically impacted Ishmael's life in negative or positive ways that were important to his survival.
Network modification is one of the action to be considered when DDoS attack occurs. In this situation incident response team could switch to different network by using domain name system (DNS). IP address are translated through DNS by their domain name and DNS and DNS responsibility is to allow the user to securely browse into any websites. Also, DNS allows to send and receive emails through any web browsers in any website. Incident team should distribute the attack traffic across the network of data center so it will delay the DDoS attack in spreading into other networks. At last, traffic should be sent to high capacity networks so it can go through scrubbing services.
In the beginning of the book Ishmael is 12 years old in Sierra Leone when the war broke out in the country he saw things that scared him and took away his innocence. “ the van were three dead bodies , two girls,and one boy, and their blood was all over the seats and the ceiling of the van.” (13). Ishmael was 12 when he saw his horrific scene that he aw at such a tender age.He will never be able to forget what he saw that day that will stay with him his entire life.
In A Long Way Gone and A Bite of the Mango, two devastating stories are told about the civil war in Western Africa that involves young children. Ishmael Beah is a prime example of what that war did to children. Beah turned from an innocent child and became a killer. Mariatu Kamara, a sweet young girl, became a victim. Though Beah and Mariatu both had different lives, they are linked by their loss of innocence and family structure. The loss of innocence helped to create the amazing human being Ishmael Beah has become more than his family structure or lack thereof did.
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attempt to force a network offline and unavailable to its intended users. This process is typically performed by flooding a network with communication requests until the server cannot respond to the traffic, thus making the server go offline and become available. This process is relatively simple to perform to the average person through online programs. Since it is so easy perform, it has become a rising issue simply because anyone has the ability to hack into various servers. One example in recent news of DDoS attacks comes from Riot Games, developer of the popular online multiplayer video game League of Legends. After a month of inconsistency with their server stability and frequent shut downs, Riot Games reported that within the l...
According to Stringer and Andrews, the Out-of-Africa Model suggests that there is a fairly recent common ancestor that shares many of the anatomical characteristics displayed by modern Homo Sapiens (1263). This version is more parsimonious with regard to the fact that it ...
They must uphold the Army values as well as their own. They must demonstrate a commitment to being moral and ethical people so that their soldiers and their peers know that they are someone who as principle. Ultimately an Army officer must be good under pressure. They must know how to react without panicking in a difficult situation. Officers lead their men to battle and must have level heads and be calm when difficult situations arise. They must be quick thinkers and they must be able to think out of the box because many situations they will encounter require
Being in a line company for my entire career, most Soldiers that show up to my unit come across being very disrespectful. Not so much in the talking back, but there body language. From there slouchy posture in formation, to their unclean uniforms, unclean boots, and in need of haircuts. Not only is that disrespectful to the unit but to their selves. How can Soldiers represent the Army if they do not have the self-respect to look their very best every day? Customs and courtesy’s is another sign of respect. It is an art form that our young Soldiers have not had instilled into them. They are too busy trying to be cool and friends with everyone but in reality, they look lazy. If Soldiers would just take a little, more time and give a little respect to their selves and to others. When a Soldier has snapped to attention or parade rest and giving their undivided attention to someone, what do you think of that Soldier? The Soldiers is sharp and squared away. For us to build future non-commissioned officers respect needs to be explained why it is important in our profession. That a Soldiers having respect for their self leads to having respect for others and naturally, they will exceed that standard. The Army has paved the way for future Soldiers to march on. The first step to fixing potholes in our profession plan is to fill the whole with respect. Once we instill respect into our Soldiers next step is