Definitions
1.Dental implant: (also known as an endosseous implant or fixture) is a surgical component that interfaces with the bone of the jaw or skull to support a dental prosthesis such as a crown, bridge, denture, facial prosthesis or to act as an orthodontic anchor.
2.Osteoblast: a bone cell that secretes the matrix for bone formation.
3.Osteointegration: the firm anchoring of a surgical implant (as in dentistry or in bone surgery) by the growth of bone around it without fibrous tissue formation at the interface.
4.Peri-implantitis: is the destructive inflammatory process affecting the soft and hard tissues surrounding dental implants.
5. Peri-implant Mucositis: gum inflammation is found only around the soft tissues of the dental implant, with no signs of bone loss.
6. Hydroxyapatite: a mineral of the apatite group that is the main inorganic constituent of tooth enamel and bone, although it is
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Evidence of this can be found back to ancient Egypt two thousand years ago where carved seashells/stones were shaped in the form of a tooth and placed in the human jaw bone. The Mayan civilization has the earliest known examples of dental implants with fragments of bones being placed in the mandible. During Middle Ages implantation was accomplished by xenografts and allografts but due to the high infection transfer diseases this practice didn't became very famous. Dr. Norman Goldberg in the times of the Second World War thought of dental restoration to be done by metals used to replace other areas of the human body. Later in 1948 with the help of Dr.Aaron Gershkoff they made the first sub-periosteal implant. This laid down the basic foundation of dental implant on which they became pioneers and taught these techniques in various dental schools around the
This is the process of placing a post into your jawbone. Eventually, implants will allow you to replace teeth you have lost, thus restoring the function and appearance of your teeth.
Recent research has been focused on distinguishing the most successful augmentation surgery for restoring deficient bone (4, 16-18). Surgical techniques and survival of the bone graft has been vastly highlighted in the literature. ,However, the importance of recipient site on success rate of augmentation procedure has been less issued (16).
Braces came about in the early 1800s, but humans were practicing orthodontics before Christ. David Evans, DDS, says that many mummified remains, with what researchers believe could have been an early attempt to close gaps in teeth, were discovered by archaeologist early in ancient history. He states, “These remains have a cord made from animal intestines (known as catgut) wrapped or run along the teeth in a very similar style to how modern orthodontists run orthodontic wire along the teeth in an effort to close off gaps.” The Surgeon Dentist, written by Pierre Fauchard, the father of modern dentistry, was published in 1728. His book gave birth to modern Orthodontics.
In each case they started by extracting the remaining teeth in one jaw and examined clinically and radiographically to make sure root canal treatment can be made and that there is periodontal support available for the denture. After root canal treatment was made, they were sealed with amalgam and topical fluoride, then the application of gold copings. Finally the process of gingivectomy takes place. After all these steps the denture is ready for construction. After construction, relief of the fitting surface of the denture is made. The dentures were delivered to the patients and were ready for use.
The biggest shortcoming of these archaic appliances was the fact that they were subject to decay in the wearer’s mouth. Thus, installed false teeth would have to be replaced on a regular basis, resulting in a very costly procedure. However, this problem was rectified in 1774 by Duchateau and Dubois de Chemant with their invention of the first full set of dentures that would not rot. This was due to their porcelain composition – a material that was much more conducive to the everyday wear and tear of one’s teeth. Although an incredible improvement, even the porcelain version had its difficulties. Unable to produce anything less than a full set of teeth (the surrounding porcelain was required to keep each tooth in place), patients who were missing only one or two teeth were out of luck, unless they were willing to have the rest of their teeth removed as well. And yet, in 1808, Giuseppangelo Fonzi developed the first individual appliance – a single porcelain tooth that could be held in place by a pin drilled into the jawbone. Finally, in 1845, Claudius Ash, known as the official “inventor of dentures”, produced the porcelain version that is now used today. His contributions included a suction method of adhesion for a full set of dentures, so that no form of attachment could be seen by an onlooker.
A techinque used to builded up a tooth by using a malleable filling material that will harden in the tooth quickly.
...alth issues may arise due to braces. There are currently different types of braces available, such as traditional metal braces, ceramic braces, and removable braces, such as Invisalign. Due to the dependability of metal braces in all type of orthodontic treatment, traditional metal braces are most commonly used. However, there may be hope of developing braces that are coated in a different material, such as plastic, that may not alter the change in microbiota as much, therefore requiring further testing to determine the best and most accurate results. The goal of the study is to not only find a potential factor in the development of CD, but to also see if there is a possibility that braces affect the microbiota enough to cause the formation of a disease. If this is the case, then the hope is that new and safer braces can be developed for the best patient results.
The stress caused by the lack of passive fit for implant- supported prostheses does not drive away by time due to the ankylotic state of osseo-integrated dental implants, endorsing the need for passive fit5. The absence of passive fit between prosthesis and implant will rise the occurrence of mechanical complications, like occlusal over-loading,
Abnormal wear of tooth surfaces was an orthodontic problem early on, even ancient people wanted straight teeth! To close gaps, it has been construed that catgut did the work now done by today’s orthodontic wire. In 400-500 BC, Hippocrates and Aristotle both ruminated about ways to level teeth and fix many dental conditions. It should be noted that in Medieval times, expert barbers often performed dental “operations”, extractions, and procedures such as blood-letting. In seventeen twenty-eight, French Dentist Pierre Fauchard published a book called “The Surgeon Dentist” about ways to straighten and align teeth. He used a device called a “Bandeau,” a horse-shaped piece of precious metal which helped...
Periodontal disease also known as periodontitis is the inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth caused by specific microorganisms resulting in progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with pocket formation, recession, or both. This includes gingivitis, which is the inflammation of the gingiva and is the milder form. This later on progresses to periodontitis and is a more severe form. Periodontitis affects the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, and cementum.
The gum tissue begins pulling away from the teeth. This creates pockets that allow bacteria to build up, which leads to an infection. As your body fights the harmful bacteria, the bone and tissue holding the teeth in place begin breaking down. The pockets deepen and begin filling with pus. Once you reach this stage, you may need to have surgery to save your teeth. If not treated, the infection begins destroying the bone around the teeth. If the bones, tissue and gums supporting your teeth are destroyed, the teeth may begin to shift, loosen and/or fall out.
...al society of dentists, the American Society of Dental Surgeons was founded in New York City.”(Dentistry Encyclopedia Britannica). In 1844 an American dentist named Horace Wels discovered the anesthetic properties of nitrous oxide which could be used in dental surgery and treatment. After discovering it, later he used it in his surgeries. Numerous advances in dentistry were equipment, materials, and techniques came back to back to one another. In 1864 vulcanized rubber was introduced as a substitute for people that could pay for costly gold dentures. The very first dental school to be joined with a university was Harvard University which was in 1867. Most dentists were still being trained in a system of preceptorship with a real established dentist. The very start is licensure in the United States first happened in 1868, with the states New York, Ohio, and Kentucky.
Dentists have been around for thousands of years. Dentistry got its start in the Indus Valley of India And Pakistan. “The earliest history of treating tooth related problems goes all the way back to 7000 BC, where the Indus Valley Civilization shows evidence of treating the mouth for tooth decay. The first method of treatment was bow drills, which were ancient primitive tools used for woodworking and treating tooth problems.” (http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2012/12/the-history-of-dentistry/)paragrah1 .These industrious would be dentists were master bead makers who used bow drills to cure tooth problems. From the ancient Egyptians to the Greco-Romans to early Chinese civilizations dentists have existed to aid the people with their teeth problems.
In the past, diseased or damaged teeth could not be salvaged and in most cases, had to be pulled out. However, in the last three decades, endodontic dentistry has evolved to quite an extent and today, professionals trained in this specialty can help save teeth and repair any inherent damage. Common endodontic procedures include root canal therapy, fixing of broken teeth and repairing dental trauma.
During restoration of an affected tooth, if any margins between the composite restoration and tooth of concern are open, micro-leakage can occur1. Micro-leakage is a phenomenon in dentistry resulting from imperfect bonding that allows the movement of bacteria and fluids between the restoration and tooth of interest2. When a composite restoration is placed and undergoes polymerization through curing, shrinkage occurs. Research has shown that the percent of gaps between composite restorations can be variable; between 14% and 54%3. This can lead to an increased risk for micro-leakage and is of concern to both the dentist and the patient. Other causes of micro-leakage that exist include: continuous light polymerization methods4 and prerestorative home bleaching5. The effects of micro-leakage include: increased sensitivity, secondary caries, discoloration of the composite material, restoration failure, and/or pulpal pathology or pulpal death1.