CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
This chapter is started with the discussion on the definition of “house” and “housing”, “priority”, and “middle income group”; followed by discussion of the types of housing and influential factors of priorities for housing choice by the potential home buyers. When Maslow (1970) presented the theory of Human Needs Hierarchy, that a house forms the foremost important basic needs, in addition to safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization, he categorized the need for housing falls at the lowest among the five levels. It is also known to be among the best indicators of a person’s standard of living and status in the society.
2.1 Definition of “House” and “Housing”
According to the Free Dictionary by Farlex (2009), a “house” is defined as a structure serving as a dwelling for one or more persons, especially for a family; a building that functions as the primary shelter or location of something. While according to The Law Dictionary (2011), a “house” can also be defined as in which a man lives with his family; a residence; the apartment or building, a group of buildings, occupied by a family as a place of residence. Based on Asirwatham, S.R (1977), “house” is a unit of living space having the basic necessities which enables the residents to nurture a complete and meaningful life. This statement is also supported by Yee Ling (2010).
Physically, a house is a place where interaction between the dweller and the world occur. It either connects or separates the individual’s private life with or from nature, the environment and the public. A house is a place where people live for shelter and comfort, physically and emotionally, and celebr...
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...urassa and Vincent S. Peng (1999). Hedonic Prices and House Numbers: The Influence of Feng Shui. International Real Estate Review 1999 Vol.2 No 1, 79-93
The Star Online (2013, October 7). Security is Main Concern for House Buyers. The Star Online. Retrieved 25 November, 2013, from http://www.thestar.com.my
Wan Abdul Aziz et al. (2011). A Study on Affordable Housing within the Middle Income Households in the Major Cities and Towns in Malaysia. Australlian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(8), 258-267.
Yong, HL (2006). Home Buyers Requirements for Housing Development within Districts in Selangor. Master Thesis. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Z. Mohammad Sharif and Dr. Angela L (2010). Misunderstanding of Housing and its Influence on the Success of Low Cost Housing Projects – State of the Art Review. The Built & Human Environment Review, Volume 3, 1-11.
With that in mind, it is important to understand a couple of concepts before analyzing and determining the effectiveness of that document. Although people do not always realize it, the purchase of a home is one of the b...
...t: How the lack of affordable housing impacts on all aspects of life [PDF] Available at Shelter website; england.shelter.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/268752/The_Human_Cost.pdf
A home was the symbol which defined a family. The cleanliness, decor and mood that a home displayed told the economic and religious status of a family. Middle class women did not have servants and most did not have any outside help; leaving them to m
Mui, Y. (2013, January 29). Housing emerges as economic bright spot after years in the
For those of us with warm roofs over our heads and groceries on the table the problem of affordable housing does not often surface. But for low-income families, where half the income can disappear simply trying to keep the family sheltered in an acceptable home, the problem is a daily one. President of the BRIDGE Housing Corporation Donald Terner and columnist Brad Terner argue that affordable housing is a problem that should involve everyone. From your local supermarket clerk to your child’s science teacher, the problem of affordable housing can affect us all.
It is often easy to castigate large cities or third world countries as failures in the field of affordable housing, yet the crisis, like an invisible cancer, manifests itself in many forms, plaguing both urban and suburban areas. Reformers have wrestled passionately with the issue for centuries, revealing the severity of the situation in an attempt for change, while politicians have only responded with band aid solutions. Unfortunately, the housing crisis easily fades from our memory, replaced by visions of homeless vets, or starving children. Metropolis magazine explains that “…though billions of dollars are spent each year on housing and development programs worldwide, ? At least 1 billion people lack adequate housing; some 100 million have none at all.? In an attempt to correct this worldwide dilemma, a United Nations conference, Habitat II, was held in Istanbul, Turkey in June of 1996. This conference was open not only to government leaders, but also to community organizers, non governmental organizations, architects and planners. “By the year 2000, half the world’s people will live in cities. By the year 2025, two thirds of the world population will be urban dwellers ? Globally, one million people move from the countryside to the city each week.? Martin Johnson, a community organizer and Princeton professor who attended Habitat II, definitively put into words the focus of the deliberations. Cities, which are currently plagued with several of the severe problems of dis-investment ?crime, violence, lack of jobs and inequality ?and more importantly, a lack of affordable and decent housing, quickly appeared in the forefront of the agenda.
Quigley, J. M. (2002, April 3). A decent home: Housing policy in perspective, (pp. 53-99). Berkley, CA. University of California, Berkley Program on Housing and Urban Policy. Retrieved June 20, 2011 from http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8f57x42q
Compare and contrast the ways in which housing inequalities are discussed from the perspectives of social policy and criminology, and economics (TMA 02)
Having a house and having a home used to coincide. Families used to live in the same house for generations, but now the sentimental value of having a house has changed. As Quindlen puts it, “There was a time when where you lived often was where you worked and where you grew the food you ate and even where you were buried. When that era passed, where you lived at least was where your parents had lived and where you would live with your children when you became enfeebled” (Quindlen 215). However, over time even that changed. Now we have grown to live in a house and then move on like it was nothing. Sentimental value for a house has dwindled. Quindlen demonstrates that “suddenly, where you lived was where you lived for three years, until you could move on to something else and something else again” (Quindlen 215). However, for those without a house, they would give anything to have that sentimental feeling that used to come with having a house. But that’s just the problem; for most a house and a home no longer coincide. We can own a house but not have a home, or vice versa. After all, “Home is where the heart is. There’s no place like it” (Quindlen 214). People can have a home without having a house. A home simply means having a family,
A home, many people spent their whole life in search of his or her home. It has many different definitions to different people. To some people it may be their home country, to some it may be where they were born, to some it may be where their family is. home's most basic trait is its ability to provide shelter from weather. Rain or snow, a house will always be there to shield the elements from the family. In the cold times of the year, the heater will be there to warm the house. The heat of the summer is no problem for a good home. The ideal dwelling definitely must have a dependable central air conditioner. When located in an area abundant with tornadoes and hurricanes, a home must have a safe place. A storm shelter or a basement is an excellent place to hide. But to most people home has more meaning than just dwelling it should be a place where their family is, where they could have family times together.
The following image illustrates the incremental housing stock. The same street that is photographed after 3 years a part shows the typical increments and street occurring. Some of the houses have significant upgraded from a temporary to joined structures.
When valuing the property, the figures should not be the only issue but also the demographic factors and the services offered. When valuing the property, everything within the property should be assessed. The items inside a house should be valued by the size, the cost and the age of existence, this includes the furniture’s and any other utensils that may be available. For items like the computer, the cost and the make are of importance. The car should also be valued if it forms part of the property and the model and the year of make are of essence. The surrounding of the property should also be put into consideration; the geographical location of the property should be put into consideration (Tucker Sundeep, 2006).
Buying and owning your home is part of the American dream. Although the dream itself has since changed, the home still remains the main focal point. Today owning a home doesn’t necessarily mean a house. People now buy duplexes, cooperative apartments, and condominiums. For some families it could take up to a couple of generations before it’s able to have the capabilities of buying a home. To many people it means a certain achievement that only comes after years of hard work. It is a life altering decision and one of the most important someone can make in their lifetime. The reasons behind the actual purchase could vary. Before anything is done, people must understand that it’s an extraneous process and it is a long term project.
A house provides one with shelter from a multitude of things. A home not only offers a roof over your head, but when one returns to their home, they are at utmost peace. No matter how tired or weary they are or what problems they have come in with, a home gives them their own sanctuary. The difference between a house and a home is that a home comes with a sense of belonging. This attribute has a lot to do with the simple sense of feeling safe; wherever a person feels safe, that place becomes the root of a home, whether it is big or small. For instance, in the entire Harry Potter series, Harry believed that his school Hogwarts was his home because it was the one place in the entire world where he felt like he belonged. I...
The process of building a house is a very complex and difficult task. In the following paragraphs, I will be explaining the many different steps that are required to build a house.