Introduction
During the deep days of neoliberalism in 1980s, the WB and IMF argued as social policy is a waste of resources that invested in weaker sections of the society, which supposed to be invested in long-run productions instead (Chang, 2002). However, Mkandawire (2007) argued that the social policy significantly influences on economy and society, therefore it is a crucial in development. Furthermore, he stated that the social policy has number of roles, such as redistributive impacts on economy, protective functions on people from vagaries changes, and reproduction of society to enhance the further development.
The paper will define the various roles of social policy as Mkandawire referred. The aim of this study is to distinguish which role is the most important in the process of economic growth that enhance development and well being of the society. The description of roles will be critical in the light of why it is crucial, and whether why it worked in some countries or why not in other countries with wide range of evidences.
Redistribution
The redistributive role of the social policy is a redistribution of resources across society equally in order to tackle needs of bottom quintile as well as to tackle specific sectors where social investments are necessary in the context of fostering the development and decreasing the poverty. Although this is mostly believed that redistribution is a significant role of social policy in many countries, it is still arguable whether the income redistribution can be targeted equally across society or not. The main aim of redistributive social policy is to reduce the income inequality in the society in a way of providing free primary and secondary schooling, health service, pensions, housi...
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...s the economic growth, which decreases the income saving and leads people to get dependent on pensions that reduce the economic participation and productivity. However, Mkandawire (2007) argued that all social policies are efficient as well as there must have roles in social policies. Although, pension funds are used in different sectors, such as filling the gap of deficit, and generous pensions, it is still considered as efficient. The productive role of social policy focuses directly towards labours and innovation, because it causes increased productivity and economic participation by educated human capital. Thus, other roles can be combined with production role, which depends on what the society is aiming to achieve. However, the production is the most important as it increases income and savings that can contribute further growth and tackle conflicts of society.
In the United States, there are political debates about the government’s role in aiding the poor and whether it is appropriate for the health of the poor to be their responsibility. This is also a relevant topic in the state of Texas alone because the distribution of wealth between the upper and lower classes in Texas can be described as unequal and unfair. However, people can also argue that those in the upper classes worked for their wealth and those considered poor in the lower classes should do the same. Therefore, in order to decide what the government’s role should be one must consider redistributing the wealth from upper income to the lower income households. It also must be determined if the current system
Social equality is the concept in which all individuals possess the same fundamental basic liberties, opportunities, moral value/respect, and social benefits. The concept of ‘equality’ has a multiplicity of meanings and definitions, and with the rise of liberalization and democratization around the world ‘social equality’ has become the most predominant. As economic openness creates greater wealth disparities, the parallel rise of democratization has enabled citizens to demand more accountability measures and public welfare services from their governments in order to manage such disparities. Although the movement towards greater social equality has made significant strides with the establishment of equal rights (especially in the 1960s following the civil rights and women rights movement), inequality is still widespread in society among different ethnicities, social classes, and even religions. Inequality is not, however, a characteristic that only encompasses/embodies developing countries, but also embodies developed countries as well.
Social policies are constructed to guide society. These policies are influenced by the collective morals and values of the people living in a society. Social policies in Canada are founded on the best interest of Canadians. Most importantly, social policies address issues by creating and implementing the appropriate solutions. Politicians have the prime role in creating policies and ensuring that these policies provide an answer to key issues in society. However, along the way these policymakers face many challenges and difficulties in forming and implementing the appropriate social policies.
The issue of global wealth redistribution has become an increasingly fundamental topic in our globalized world. The vast amount of literature on this topic has left philosophers and economists to seek questions on whether there is a duty to redistribute wealth and in what way it should be distributed globally. The uncertainty over this remains a key impediment to real life progress. Nevertheless, the crucial aspect of this debate is to understand whether individuals have an obligation to redistribute wealth internationally. There are many deep controversial issues that conflict with the justness of responsibility. However in this paper, I will be using a cosmopolitan outlook by opening up the discussion of the current global situation and what duty an individual in the developed states has to redistribute globally. I will also analyze the poverty in the third world, and assess whether distributing wealth is the most effective mechanism compared to other alternatives.
Throughout this assignment a variety of terminology will be used, first it is appropriate to define what the term ‘Social Policy’ means. Social policy can be defined in different ways and ‘there is no established or agreed definition of social policy’ (Baldock et, al., 1999:21). From reading different books on social policy, the author’s understanding of social policy is it provides guidelines to deal with social problems . Social problems are matters which direct...
The welfare state is a political system that has been an important ideology used by countries that provide social programs to its people. One may say that the rise of the welfare state is caused by capitalist needs that lead to failure and end up hurting the well-being of its people. When the country is faced with a critical situation that hurts the people and the economy, the government is required to provide welfare programs that attempt to cure the consequences of failures of the country. For example, the Great Depression was the result of an economic crisis that caused the decline of people’s well-being. The society was faced with tremendous financial problems and the only way to fixed it was by providing an efficient welfare system, such as the New Deal. Among the programs certain acts passed, like the Social Security Act, provided benefits and compensation to workers and
The lives of all individuals are impacted by social policies that have been created and written in the past and this impact will continue as historical social policies are updated and with each future social policies that is created and written. The impact of social policy is significant because, “Although social policy may address individual needs, it also typically benefits the host society” (Chapin, 2014, p.2). In other words, each social policy does not directly impact each individual in society, but overall social policies impact the entire society in some form or another. “Social policies are the rules, laws, and regulations that govern the benefits and services provided by the government and private organizations to assist people in
Social Credit aims to establish a more perfect society. The ultimate goal of the movement is to establish an economy free of the problems that plague the present system. Social Creditors go as far as to suggest a society where a combination of technological advancements, coupled with the proposed dividend checks eliminate the need for people to work in production. This, they claim would increase the amount of leisure time that people have and would create a golden age of cultural nurturing and flourishing. (Bridger, §6). However, Social Credit has several problems in its principles that make its adoption highly impractical at the current time. this has been shown in Alberta, Canada where Social Credit was attempted, but failed soon after due to numerous issues (“Social Credit”)
Social welfare is an expansive system proposed to maintain the well being of individuals within a society. This paper will explain the progression from the feudal system and church provisions for the poor before the Elizabethan Poor Law to the gradual assumption of the responsibility for the poor by the government. A responsibility assumed not out of humanity and concern for the poor, but as a process of standardizing the ways in which the poor were to be managed. The history of social welfare reflects differences in values as they relate to social responsibility in taking care of the needy. Our society has been influenced by values like Judeo-Christian humanitarianism and the economic doctrine of laissez faire. Our present social welfare structure is also influenced by these values.
Government support for social economy entities is recognized in European Union, Brazil and Argentina. While in countries of Africa and Asia support is built by the citizens forums and networks on sustainable development and by United Nations agencies. Among policy themes on social enterprises are: improving access to financial resources; research for increasing understanding and visibility; capacity building; ac¬cess to public procurement.
In This essay I will look at what is new about New Labour in regard to
When looking at social responsibility Friedman stats that it involves socialist views and that market mechanisms not what the society looks at but it is the political mechanisms (Friedman, 1970, p. 2). Basically what Friedman is saying is that when the government gets involved in
The path to modernization is one never clearly defined. The following report will attempt to analyze and critique our nation’s potential options concerning social and fiscal policy and use this information in an attempt to recommend future policy agenda.
In order for any country to survive in comparison to another developed country they must be able to grow and sustain a healthy and flourishing economy. This paper is designed to give a detailed insight of economic growth and the sectors that influence economic growth. Economic growth in a country is essential to the reduction of poverty, without such reduction; poverty would continue to increase therefore economic growth is inevitable. Through economic growth, it is also an aid in the reduction of the unemployment rate and it also helps to reduce the budget deficit of the government. Economic growth can also encourage better living standards for all it is citizens because with economic growth there are improvements in the public sectors, educational and healthcare facilities. Through economic growth social spending can also be increased without an increase of taxes.
Throughout this essay the topics outlined are as follows .A brief definition of social policy. How social policy relates to social care on an academic subject level and finally the relevance of social policy in relation to social care work.