Defining Cancer And Cancer Cells
explanatory Essay
1552 words
Our bodies are made up of millions of cells. These cells constantly grow and divide in an organized way to produce even more cells as they are needed. This helps to keep the body healthy. When cells become either damaged or old, they die and are then replaced with new cells. However sometimes, like in the above picture, this orderly process goes wrong. The genetic material, also known as DNA, of a cell can become damaged, resulting in the production of mutations that have an effect on normal cell growth and division. When something like this happens, the cells do not die when they should and new cells form when the body isn’t in need. Then, the extra cells may form a mass of tissue called a tumor. *Defining cancer: What is it and how does it work ? Cancer is a word used for diseases in which irregular cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues. Unlike normal cells, these irregular cancer cells never stop reproducing after they have doubled. Meaning that one cancer cell will continue to double over and over again. Basically one cell becomes 2, then 4, then 8, then 16 and so on....and now times that by the thousands of cancer cells within a single cancer tumor Not only do cancer cells reproduce at a unstoppable rate, but they can spread to different parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems. These cells can also prevent themselves from self-destruction or they will just slow the destruction process down, therefore the numbers are increasing faster than they are dying off or decreasing. Cancer is not just a single “set” disease but rather many diseases. There is over 100 different types of cancer. Almost all are named after the organ or type of cell in which they ori... ... middle of paper ... ...eep it there.” He said. Rodney used the power of positive thinking to achieve his goal. After a lot of hard work and mind control, he finally met his goal. Today he is healthy and back in the courts. As far as the studies go, he did not receive any treatment 2) David Seidler, the writer of “The Kings Speech”, was battling with bladder cancer for years. Two weeks before his surgery, he decided to give meditation a try (despite how ridiculous this sounded to him). When he went in for his pre-surgery biopsy, the doctor was shocked to find a lack of cancer in Seidlers body. After multiple tests done by various doctors, he was said to have entered remission. Although there have been multiple cases of people being cured from cancer without any treatment, the odds of this happening every time are very low. In my analysis I will explain why I have come to this conclusion.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that carcinoma originates in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs.
- Explains that sarcoma originates in fat, blood vessels, cartilage, muscle, or other connective or supportive tissue.
- Explains that leukemia originates in blood-forming tissue, i.e. the bone marrow, and causes abnormal blood cells that enter the blood.
- Explains that the human brain is made up of approximately 100 billion neurons. each neuron has between 1,000 and 10,000 synapses.
- Explains that hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormone, resulting in the body using energy at a slower pace than what it should.
- Explains that our bodies are made up of millions of cells that grow and divide in an organized way to produce even more cells as they are needed. when cells become damaged or old, they die and are replaced with new cells.
- Explains that cancer is a term used for diseases in which irregular cells divide without control and are able to invade other tissues.
- Explains that central nervous system cancers originate in the tissues of the spinal cord and the brain.
- Explains that humans use almost every part of the brain and most of it is active all the time. scientists know more about stars billions of light years away than they know about the human brain.
- Explains that the human immune system is essential for survival in a world full of potentially dangerous viruses.
- Explains that killer t cells recognize infected body cells and destroy them. they also help control the immune system.
- Explains that the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus produce natural hormones called endorphins, which work on the brain's receptors to stop their ability to receive pain messages from the sensory nerves.
- Analyzes how rodney robinson, a 49-year-old basketball official, refused to turn to self-pity or let this get him down. he used the power of positive thinking to achieve his goal.
Related
- explanatory
- Facts about Cancerexplanatory essayFacts about Cancer · Cancer is a disease where cells multiply without control and destroy healthy tissue. · Cancer can endanger life and is the leading cause of death in many countries. · About 100 kinds of cancer affect human beings. With other kinds affecting plants and animals. · Cancer strikes people of all ages.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the genes in cancer cells don't respond to growth regulating signals, resulting in a tumor or neoplasm.
- Explains that cells can break away from the malignant tumor and move to other parts of the body and form other tumors.
- Explains that malignant melanoma, a rare form of skin cancer, starts in the pigment of the skin cells and rapidly spreads to other parts.
- Describes the single greatest cause of death among men and women in most industrial countries.
- Explains that doctors use three main ways to treat cancer: surgery, radiation therapy, and drug therapy.
- Explains the main method of treating cancer of the breast, colon, rectum, lung, stomach, and uterus.
- Explains that cancer research is investigating in a wide range of areas, including cell biology and immunology.
- Explains that the european community released the following set of guidelines, which can help reduce the risk of cancer.
- Recommends eating healthy foods such as fruit, lean meat, and vegetables.
- Explains that cancer can endanger life and is the leading cause of death in many countries.
- Explains the most common parts where cancer occurs are the skin, digestive organs, lungs, the cervix, and the female breasts.
- Explains that the ability to spread to other parts of the body makes cancer hard to treat unless it is detected early. cancer is classified by a cancers primary body site and by the type of body tissue it originates in.
- Explains that stomach cancer is a very common disease, but it is much less common. people who eat well hardly ever get this disease. alcohol and smoking also put people in risk.
- Explains that people develop cancer through repeated or prolonged contact with one or more cancer causing agents. the cancer starts because of a mutation of the dna.
- Explains that only doctors can diagnose cancer but people should be alert to physical changes that may indicate cancer. early detection greatly increases the chance of the cancer being cured and the person surviving.
- Explains that radiotherapy uses x-rays to kill off cancerous cells, but it also kills normal cells. radiotherapy is the main method of curing bladder, cervix, skin, or parts of the head and neck.
- Explains that more than 50 drugs are used against many types of cancers, including leukaemia, lymphoma, and testicles cancer. the most effective form of anticancer involves a combination of drugs.
1146 wordsRead More - Somatic Evolution and Mutations with Cancer Cellsexplanatory essayCancer is the term used to describe a group of diseases consisting of hundreds of ailments and although there exists so many different types of cancer, they all begin in a similar way. The body is made up of over a trillion cells, and cancer is the uncontrolled growth of malfunctioning cells in the body (Dawson, 1996). “Normal body cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly fashion. During the early years of a person’s life, normal cells divide faster to allow the person to grow. After the person becomes an adult, most cells divide only to replace worn-out or dying cells or to repair injuries” (American Cancer Society, 2012).
In this essay, the author
- Explains that somatic evolution plays an important role in the science of aging and gives insight into the development of cancer cells.
- Explains that cancer is the uncontrolled growth of malfunctioning cells in the body. normal body cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly fashion.
- Explains that cancer starts when certain cells in the body are mutated or changed and begin to divide. cancerous cells grow differently than normal cells, instead of progressing through the normal cell lifecycle.
- Explains that stem cells are undifferentiated cells, or cells which have yet to show morphologic traits. they can split into specialized cells that are needed in the body.
- Explains that adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells that are surrounded by differentiated cells, such as those found readily in tissues, muscles, and organs. they serve as the construction workers of the adult human body.
- Explains that somatic cells have been identified in almost every organ and tissue in the body, including the brain, peripheral blood, skeletal muscle, skin, teeth, lung, and liver.
- Explains that cancer is caused by changes in a cell's dna, its genetic "blueprint." environmental factors include lifestyle factors, naturally occurring exposures, medical treatments, and pollution.
- Explains how cigarette smoke causes lung cancer by observing the genes effected by the carcinogen.
- Explains that random mutations in the dna of cells may be a characteristic of cancer, and that tumor progression is driven by mutagenesis.
- Explains that mutation can occur spontaneously, but it is often caused by exposure to mutagens. mutagenesis is the main driving force behind evolution.
- Explains that mutagenesis is not the same as dna damage, which is an irregular alteration to the structure of dna that cannot, itself, be replicated when dna is cloned and divided.
- Explains that cancer is a culmination of malfunctioning cells, caused by the somatic evolution that an organism experiences throughout its entire life. with the inherent instability of genes coupled with mutations, it seems almost inevitable that every living organism would at some point acquire cancer.
- Concludes that organisms have evolved to preserve a number of somatic cells for the purpose of maintaining their own genetic information.
1030 wordsRead More - Cancer Essayexplanatory essayThe body is composed of cells. Normally, these cells divide at a composed and calculated manner. If cells die or are destroyed, the body creates more cells through the division of existing cells. However, occasionally, problems with some cells in the body may occur.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that cancer starts when cells in a part of the body start to grow out of control and form new, abnormal cells.
- Explains the purpose of this paper, which is to describe the diagnosis and staging of cancer, and the side effects of the cancer treatment. staging allows doctors to accurately understand how far along the patient is in the illness.
- Explains the common elements considered in most staging systems are as follows: • site of the primary tumor and cell type (e.g. adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma); • regional lymph node involvement;
- Explains the tnm system, which is based off of certain requirements, including the size and extent of the primary tumor, the amount of spread to nearby lymph nodes, and the presence of metastasis.
- Explains that physical exams, laboratory tests, surgical reports, etc., can be used to determine the stage of the cancer in a patient.
- Explains that cancer can impact various parts of the body, and pain is one of its most evident complications.
- Explains that radiation and chemotherapy therapy can cause side effects such as irritated skin, throat pain, and hoarseness, as well as damage to other vital organs, including liver, brain, heart, bladder, digestive system, etc.
- Explains the various methods to lessen the physical and psychological effects of cancer, including exercise, sleep, and maintaining a healthy diet.
1094 wordsRead More - Types Of Cancer: A Brief Note On Cancerexplanatory essayTo begin, cancer starts to form when abnormal cells grow. Abnormal cells form when the DNA, is damaged. The fewer the amount of abnormal cells, the more treatable the cancer will be. In normal cells, the damaged DNA either gets repaired, or dies. In cancer cells, the damaged DNA doesn’t get repaired or dies like normal cells. The damaged cell instead replicates itself. It is difficult to understand exactly why or how cancer starts to grow, but common reasons can be from sun exposure or cigarette smoking. Cancer cells usually form a tumor. A type of cancer where a tumor doesn’t form is Leukemia. On the other hand, not all tumors are cancerous. There are benign and malignant tumors or masses. Benign tumors cannot spread to other organs of the body, but can be on the larger side and press on other organs. Benign tumors are not cancerous, but can still instill problems. Benign tumors can become malignant, or cancerous, after a period of time. Malignant tumors are the ones that are cancerous from the very beginning. This ...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that cancer is the generic name for over a hundred diseases. cancer starts by abnormal cells growing out of control.
- Explains that cancer forms when abnormal cells grow, while cancer cells replicate themselves. there are benign and malignant tumors, which can spread to other parts of the body.
- Explains that of the over 100 types of cancer, there are more common types than others.
- Explains that a benign tumor of the bone, which is not cancerous, can still become harmful if it grows large enough to press on the tissue surrounding it.
- Explains that doctors use the tnm system to diagnose the stages of bone cancer.
- Explains that doctors assign stages of cancer by taking the t, n, m, and g elements into effect.
- Explains the treatment options for bone cancer, such as surgical removal, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.
- Describes the different types of bone cancer and the treatment options available to those diagnosed.
- Explains that cancer growing within the lungs can be fatal if not caught early. smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, radon is a carcinogen, and secondhand smoke reduces the risk exponentially.
- Explains that non-small cell lung cancer starts from the epithelial cells, while small cell starts in the hormone-producing cells and nerve cells within the lung.
- Explains that the treatment requested by the doctor is specific to the patient’s health condition, age, and their stage of lung cancer. radiation therapy can be used up until about stage 3a or 3b.
- Explains that cancer is the generic name for over a hundred diseases. cancer starts by abnormal cells growing out of control.
- Explains that bone cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the bone. according to cancer.net, there are three different types of bone cells.
- Explains that to be diagnosed with lung cancer, a generic medical examination, biopsy, and bronchoscopy are done. the patient is diagnosed as stage 0, stage 1, stage 2, stage 3a, stage 4 and stage 4.
2066 wordsRead More - Analysis of Cancer - The Enemy Withinexplanatory essayCancer - The Enemy Within Abstract: Cancer has been known and feared since antiquity, but its imperative danger could only be realized until fairly recently. Indeed as knowledge of the disease grew in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, fear increased when people became more aware that most cancers had no available cure. Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells reproduce without control, destroy healthy tissue, and eventually cause deterioration to the body. This paper is a discussion on how cancer develops and spreads, some of the various types of cancer, and the causes of the disease. Cancer is a disease in which cells multiply without control, destroy healthy tissue, and endanger life.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells reproduce without control, destroy healthy tissue, and eventually cause deterioration to the body.
- Explains that cancer is a disease in which cells multiply without control, destroy healthy tissue, and endanger life.
- Explains that cancer strikes people of all ages but especially middle-aged persons and the elderly. it can attack any part of the body and may spread to virtually any other part.
- Explains that various cancers are classified in two ways: primary body site, as and by the type of body tissue in which the cancer originates. carcinomas start in epithelial tissue, while sarcomas begin in connective tissue.
- Explains that scientists do not know exactly why cancer develops, but they have found that certain agents play an active role in causing the disease.
- Explains that laboratory tests and population studies indicate that two main groups of carcinogens can cause cancer in human beings.
- Explains that abnormal cell reproduction is the result of the development of cancer.
- Explains that when something interferes with the reproductive control of cells, the cells multiply and gradually build up a mass of tissue called tumors.
- Explains that the geographic distribution of cancer gives researchers clues to the causation of the cancer. in japan and scandinavia, stomach cancer is relatively frequent, whereas its incidence in the united states is declining and pancreatic growth has increased.
- Explains that some cancers, including breast and colon, occur among blood relatives at a higher rate than average. without proper treatment, most kinds of cancer are fatal.
1111 wordsRead More - Cancer: What Everyone Should Knowexplanatory essayCancer: What Everyone Should Know Cancer bombarded an estimate of 1,638,910 people in the United States alone and killed roughly 577,190 people (cancer.org). Nearly half of the people who were diagnosed with cancer died, why? It is not because Oncologists are not caring for the patients properly or that cancer research is not progressing. It is simply because awareness about cancer is at a bare minimum.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that cancer bombarded 1,638,910 people in the united states alone and killed roughly 577,190 people. awareness about cancer is at a bare minimum.
- Explains that cancer is when a gene mutates and causes cells to multiply rapidly.
- Explains that the main cause of cancer has been around since the first person diagnosed with cancer. there are many explanations and hypothesis to what causes this vast group of diseases.
- Explains how cancer spreads through the human body. mutations in genes contribute to the development of tumors and many mutations occur over the years.
- Explains that as cancer becomes more prevalent, research and knowledge on the subject is being discovered faster than any other time throughout history.
- Explains that cancerous tumors are divided into three categories: carcinomas, sarcomas, and lymphomas.
- Explains that benign tumors are non-cancerous growths in the body, and do not spread to other parts.
- Explains radiation therapy, which uses high energy x-rays, electron beams or radioactive isotopes to kill cancer cells without exceeding sage doses. photon radiation is the most common type of radiotherapy.
- Explains that chemotherapy is the use of medicines and strong drugs to combat and treat the cancer.
- Explains that remission is the first five years after being diagnosed with cancer, and that there is no trace of cancer in the body.
- Opines that prevention is key to stopping cancer, and that research plays a monstrous role in bringing cancer down.
- Explains that advances in genome sequencing allow scientists to analyze dna of cancer cells much faster than just a few years ago.
- Opines that there are many misconceptions and myths about cancer, such as that chemo and radiation can cure cancer but it cannot cure it.
- Explains that cancer is a dreadful disease that many people aren't aware about, and that schools should be incorporating more in depth information about cancer in the curriculum.
- Opines that understanding cancer's causes, symptoms, and treatment could help prevent the development of cancer or help someone overcome its overwhelming struggles.
- Cites arbanas, caroline, "genetic errors identified in 12 major cancer types." sciencedaily.
- Explains that why do we need to be aware of childhood cancer anyway?
- Explains that frater, jamie, "top 10 misconceptions about cancer." listverse. n.p., 06 jun 2009.
- Opines that everyone's guide to cancer therapy: how cancer is diagnosed, treated, and managed day to day.
- Explains krans, brain. "benign tumors." healthlines rss news.
- Explains nathan-garner, laura, and mdanderson's "cancer myth busters."
- Analyzes neporent, liz, "cause for hope in fight against childhood cancer." abc news.
2363 wordsRead More - Breast Cancerexplanatory essayCancer is a group of diseases characterized by cells that change and divide abnormally. If rapid cell division occurs when the body doesn’t need new cells, an abundance of tissue is produced. This mass of tissue, known as a tumor, may be either benign or malignant.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that breast cancer is a frightening disease that can be fatal, and two thirds of the cases occur among mature women, but it also strikes younger females and about nine thousand males each year.
- Explains that cancer is a group of diseases characterized by cells that change and divide abnormally. if rapid cell division occurs when the body doesn’t need new cells, an abundance of tissue is produced.
- Explains that benign tumors are not cancerous and may even be harmless. they can be surgically removed and don't grow back.
- Explains that malignant tumors, on the other hand, are cancerous. they can enter and damage surrounding tissues and organs. when breast cancer spreads outside the breast it usually gets into the lymph nodes under the arms.
- Explains that two forms of breast cancer affect the breast, ductal carcinoma and lobular carcinoma.
- Explains that there are several different risk factors of breast cancer. as you age, the chances of getting it increase, and if you have a family history.
- Opines that women who had a child before age 30 are less likely to develop breast cancer.
- Explains that women of higher income and education seem to have more breast cancer, while women whose roots can be traced to the mediterranean area also seem more.
- Concludes that your environment may increase your risk of breast cancer, radiation through medical treatment or exposure to atomic testing. other contaminants such as ddt (pesticides), and some industrial chemicals known as
- Explains that breast cancer is painless, so it is important for women to examine their own breasts.
- Explains that a mammogram is an x-ray of the breast that can detect any growths or irregularities. computerized topography or ct scanning detects breast lesions that don’t show up on either mri or sonograms.
- Explains that breast cancer will be treated in a variety of ways depending on the size and location of the tumor.
- Explains that cancer treatment is either local or systemic. local treatments include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy.
898 wordsRead More - What is Cancerexplanatory essayCancer forms from the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. When we are born we all have normal cells that continually grow until adulthood. We also have abnormal cells that are in our body. As we reach adulthood our normal body cells stop dividing for growth purposes and only divide to replace dead or damaged cells. The abnormal cells in our body continue to divide even into adulthood and form cancerous cells. Most cancers develop into tumors while others flow throughout the body via the body’s bloodstream. An example of this is leukemia.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that cancer forms from the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body.
- Explains that some benign tumors are not cancerous and will not affect the body in harmful ways.
- Explains that cancer is the second leading killer in the united states. millions of people are now living with cancer because of new treatments.
367 wordsRead More - Cancer Essayexplanatory essayCancer is a deadly disease that affects millions of American families each year. In cancer, cell division isn't controlled. Usually, cells have to go through a set of checks and balances before they divide, in cancer that is nonexistent. The cells just keep duplicating until they eventually form disorganized clumps called tumors. Tumors can either be, benign, meaning that they do not possess the power to metastasize to surrounding areas. If a tumor has the power to metastasize, it is classified as a malignant tumor. In simple terms, a benign tumor is not cancerous, and a malignant tumor is. Cancer cells cannot perform the necessary functions they were created for. Some types of cancers, like pancreatic cancer, cannot be cured. Other cancers such as melanoma and breast cancer have high survival rates when caught early. The four major types of treatments used to treat cancer include, surgery to remove the affected organ, radiation, chemotherapy, or biological treatments.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that cancer is a deadly disease that affects millions of american families each year. the four major types of treatments used to treat cancer include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or biological treatments.
- Explains that most colon cancers are adenocarcinomas, which form in the colon, the largest part of the large intestine.
- Explains that certain risk factors can lead to a higher chance of contracting colon cancer.
- Explains that treatment options for colon cancer vary on an individual’s personal case, the stage of the cancer, and how much it has spread.
- Explains that the 5-year survival rate for colon cancer is varied. it affects older people who have health problems and die from heart disease. cancer research is always improving so the numbers may be higher.
- Opines that even though colon cancer is deadly, when it is found early, there is a high chance that an individual will survive. smoking, drinking, and being overweight may increase the risks of getting cancer.
741 wordsRead More - Treating Cancer Essayexplanatory essayCancer is the change of normal cells to abnormal. There are millions of cells in the human body and it can only take several hundred of them to form a large mass. This ball of cells is known as a tumour and if not treated quickly it can have an effect on the body. There are two different types of tumours – cancerous and non-cancerous. Non-cancerous tumours are known as benign tumours and do not tend to grow. However, even though these are not cancerous they can still have an effect on your health and may have to be treated. The cancerous types of tumours are called malignant tumours and grow very rapidly. These types of cells also spread quickly through the blood and can attack other organs, eventually causing them to shut down if not treated.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that cancer has affected more than 12 million people over the world since the 1970's. the diagnosis of cancers has been on the increase and many new kinds are being discovered.
- Explains that cancer is the change of normal cells to abnormal cells. cancerous and non-cancerous tumours can have an effect on the body if not treated.
- Explains that fig.1 shows the difference between a normal cell and cancerous cells.
- Explains that cancer can be caused by a fault in your genetic make-up, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer and ovarian cancer. cancer can also be primary or secondary.
- Explains the different methods used for diagnosing cancer, including biopsies, blood tests, genetic testing, x-rays or scans, and tumour markers.
- Explains that biopsy is a quick method of testing for cancer and is more accurate.
- Explains that blood tests can be used to diagnose certain blood cancers such as lymphoma and leukaemia.
- Explains that x-rays provide doctors with an image of what is happening inside the body without having to have a surgical procedure.
- Explains that genetic testing is often used if cancer runs in your family and may be hereditary.
- Explains that tumour markers can be used to diagnose cancer and treat it. they are produced if cancer cells are present in the body.
- Explains that cancer can be treated using radiation, chemotherapy, surgery, hormone therapy, stem cell and bone marrow treatments.
- Explains that there are two types of radiation used to treat cancer: external radiation and internal radiation.
- Explains that chemotherapy is different from radiation as it does not involve x-rays but involves drugs which are used to kill cancer cells and prevent them from dividing.
- Explains that fig.2 shows the process in which the cells divide after being "attacked" by chemotherapy drugs.
- Explains that surgery is one of the most common treatments for cancer and involves removing the affected organ.
- Explains that hormone therapy was first discovered in 1896 by george beatson who discovered hormones are involved in the growth of cancer.
- Explains that stem cell and bone marrow transplants are another method of treating cancer.
- Explains that although cancer can be cured for some people, there are many side effects of the treatments received. these include infertility, chronic pain, hair loss, numbness, fatigue, osteoporosis, nausea and vomiting and the damaging of healthy cells.
- Explains that nausea and vomiting can be a common side effect from several cancer treatments. not every type of chemotherapy will cause vomiting.
- Explains that infertility can also be caused by some drugs and may stop you from having children in the future.
- Explains that hair loss is the most common side effect caused by cancer. it is usually chemotherapy that causes the loss of hair. hormone therapy and biological therapies can also cause this.
- Explains that if you haven't had a high dose of chemotherapy drug, your hair can grow back. it may take up to several months for it to grow again and it is most likely to be very soft.
- Explains that fatigue is a major side effect of cancer and that it affects 70-90% of people who have any cancer treatment. chemotherapy, hormone and biological therapies and painkillers can cause fatigue.
- Explains that osteoporosis is a condition that causes your bones to become very thin and soft, it increases the chances of the bones breaking.
- Explains that cancer treatment can affect the nervous system, which is made up of the spinal cord, the brain, and nerves throughout the body.
- Explains that chemotherapy and radiotherapy can cause secondary cancers, such as leukaemia and testicular cancer. the dose of radiation, the age of the patient, and the area treated are factors that may lead to a secondary tumour.
- Explains that cancer treatments kill damaged cells within the body, but radiotherapy can damage normal healthy cells, and chemotherapy can also damage cancerous cells.
- Explains that there are many different ways of treating cancer, each of which is more effective than others. there are certain types of cancer that require a specific type of treatment.
- Explains that surgery is one of the most effective ways to treat cancers as it allows surgeons to remove the entire cancerous tumour and reduce the risk of cancer returning.
- Explains that chemotherapy is an effective way of killing cancer cells. testicular cancer and hodgkin's disease are two types of cancer that can be cured using chemotherapy drugs.
- Explains that radiation therapy is the most effective way of reducing the risk of cancer reoccurring as the high electrical beams target the area affected and reduce the tumour by killing some of the damaged cells.
- Explains that hormone therapy is one of the least effect ways to treat cancer as it can only be given to patients who have a type of cancer that depends on hormones to allow it to grow.
- Explains that nitrogen mustard gas was used to treat lymphomas during the second world war, which led to the discovery of new drugs that have allowed cancers that were once fatal to now have a chance of being cured.
- Concludes that there are many different types of cancer each of which have a specific way of being treated. surgery is the most effective way, followed by radiotherapy to reduce the cancer cell count.
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