Dbq Imperialism

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Recommended: Ottoman empire rise and fall

Due to the slow decline of the empire, Ottoman leaders wanted to create a place of peace, security, and tolerance for Muslims as well as non- Muslims like Christians and Jews (Barkey). Moreover, reasons like ascent of mercantilism, riches and politicization of society, distinguishing proof with the nation of origin, making worldwide system, and changing part of state prompted the people towards nationalism, which eventually led the Empire to take actions in the form of Tanzimat reform during 1839-1876 (Celik). Sultan Mahmud II, inspired by his uncle Selim, wanted to incorporate European laws rather than the traditional laws (Kanun-I Osmani) so he tried to combine eastern and western cultures to create a versatile imperial identity within the …show more content…

One of the first changes, the Gulhane Decree (Hatt-i Sharif) of 1839 turned out to be a standout amongst all in the Ottoman history since it led to the introduction of new laws. It included three important reforms: security, respect and honor to all subjects, a new system of regulating taxes fairly by abolishing iltizam and an equal framework for enlisting troops and their term of service. According to the laws, each subject of the empire was taxed according to his fortune. In addition, the Empire promised to alter and limit the expenditure in land and sea forces. Thus, it gave an equal status to Muslims and non-Muslims like Christians and Jews, by developing fair method of enlisting Ottoman subjects into army and navy and abolishing tax farming (Hussain). Next, Bedel-I Askeri (Military Exemption Tax) replaced the cizye tax. Under this, Muslim and non-Muslim Ottomans who were liable for military service but chose otherwise had to pay 8000 kurus and 25000 kurus per year per person respectively (Celik). In addition, Sultan Mahmud II attempted to modernize the army by eliminating Janissaries and spent a decade creating a well-trained army …show more content…

Various orders, and hierarchical and legitimate decrees were accordingly issued. One of the most eminent Hatt-I Humayun of 1856 concentrated on fairness between distinctive groups and classes. This was followed by Wilayat law in 1864 that announced regulatory councils had to be chosen from the local district. Furthermore, the judiciary was reorganized between Islamic, communitarian, and secular courts. Other laws were also enforced in regards to trade, official exchanges and registration of land. The nationality law of 1869 declared, “Every individual born from an Ottoman father and an Ottoman mother or only from an Ottoman father is an Ottoman subject” (Celik). Secular Ottomanism appealed to the concept of creating a uniform identity throughout the diverse population of the empire (Celik). The restrictions on clothing where non muslims were not allowed to wear bright colors was removed. Similarly, a new head gear called fez became popular and a symbol of the Ottomans. Furthermore, places that were previously segragated like school and libraries were now secular (Celik). Other reforms in areas like roads, railroad, telegraph, telephone, agriculture took place. Islahane (Reformatory) was created to elevate literacy rate, protect poor children, orphans and boom Ottoman industry. In the Balkans, especially Bulgarians benefitted from this since it created new job opportunities for them who were busy in farming and stop raising before. Around 150-250 students including

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