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Environmental and Sustainability movements
Environmental Movements in the US
Environmental and Sustainability movements
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David Brower was a conservationist, mountain climber, a person of conviction
who loved the wilderness. As a skilled mountain climber, he made the first of seventy routes in
Yosemite and later went on to climb Shiprock in 1939, which at the time was known as “the
last great American climbing problem.” He was a prominent environmentalist and founder of
many environmental organizations, the most well known was The Sierra Club Foundation. He
later went on to establish, among many others, the Friends of Earth (FOE) in 1969 and the Earth
Island Institute in 1982.
It was his dream to preserve the environment, not only for his descendants but for future
generations. This dream was inspired by the work of John Muir (1838-1914), an
environmentalist and Scottish-born American naturalist who was the founder of The Sierra Club
(not to be confused with The Sierra Club Foundation) in 1862. The Sierra Club is one of the
most important conservationist organizations in the United States. David was elected the first
Executive Director and served from 1952 until 1969. He also served on their Board of Directors
three times: from 1941-1953; 1983-1988; and then from 1995-2000. He, as well as Muir, was
considered to be one of the greatest conservationists in America.
The Sierra Club was responsible for establishing The National Park System, which
has been beneficial in preserving wilderness areas all across the United States. There were
several preservation projects attributed to their club. The first was the fight against the Echo Park
Dam in Utah’s Dinosaur National Monument, where conservationists successfully lobbied
Congress to delete Echo Park Dam from the Colorado River Project in 1955. Other projects
in...
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...nd flew to Denver
in June 200 for the Green Party convention and cast his absentee ballot for Nader the day before
he died (November 5, 2000).
As Katharine Lee Bates wrote in her song, America the Beautiful, “for Purple Mountain
majesties - above the fruited plain – America, America – God shed His grace on thee – and
crown thy good with brotherhood – from sea to shining sea”, this is what Brower and
organizations such as The Sierra Club, Friends of Earth and the Earth Island Institute fought
to protect for generations to come – true “brotherhood” , the best of America’s best.
References:
Video (as seen in class): Monumental: David Brower’s Fight for Wild America
http:// www.sierraclub.org/foundation/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Muir
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Brower
http://www.scoutsongs.com/lyrics/americathebeautiful.html
They’re the group that pressed for a nationally recognized Columbus Day, which passed in 1938.
As soon as the novel begins, we are introduced to the concept of saving the environment. The book begins with the narrator explaining his life-long dream of helping the world. He says that the cultural revolution of the 1960’s contributed to his ambition. However, as time went on he
The Earth Liberation Front (ELF) was established in 1992 in England and originally developed from members of Earth First! that did not want to give up the criminal acts as a method (Earth Liberation Front). Earth First! as an organization did not want to engage in violent attacks, but rather make change through protests and civil disobedience. ELF moved to North America in the mid-1990s. The group primarily operates in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States (Earth Liberation Front).
of these groups. They have been around since the Reconstruction era following the Civil War.
Initially, the organization was funded by a single donor who is credited as its founder, actor and producer Paul Walker. ...
They had the courage to cross unknown oceans and territories, sail miles and miles away from the comforts and familiarities of home, and set out to create a new lifestyle in a great land they had never known. This faith and courage kept their hopes alive, and helped them to survive even through sickness to the point of the death of their loved ones. They belived that freedom should lie in the hands of the people and they should use that freedom to make their land a better place. This belief, along with many other valuable principles, paved the way for the creation of a new nation and shaped our foundation that stands strong to this very day.
democrat rather than a great democrat. For instance, he did not agree with the Electoral College
around the gulch was called Diamond City, which is located 30 miles east of Helena in
He believes that the wilderness has helped form us and that if we allow industrialization to push through the people of our nation will have lost part of themselves; they will have lost the part of themselves that was formed by the wilderness “idea.” Once the forests are destroyed they will have nothing to look back at or to remind them of where they came from or what was, and he argues everyone need to preserve all of what we have now.
The American Civil Liberties Union appeared as a reaction to the excess of the Palmer Raids in 1918 after authorities arbitrarily arrested over six thousand people. Roger Baldwin and others founded the National Civil Liberties Bureau which became the ACLU in 1920. Its mission is to preserve constitutional rights and to continue to conserve America's original civic values.
The Appalachian Trail has much unique history. Benton MacKaye is known as the founder of the trail (“Appalachian”). Friends encouraged MacKaye to write an article putting the idea in place (Fisher 5). MacKaye had many supporters that organized the Appalachian Trail Conference, where they laid out more specific plans for the trail (Appalachian). Benton MacKaye is not the only person who is credited for the Appalachian Trail. Raymond Torrey rallied the hiking community and negotiated the trail to consist of public and private land (Kates). The building of the trail was done by mostly volunteers who worked on it from 1921 to 1937 (Kates). The first section of the trail opened in October 1923 in New York (“Appalachian”). It is hard to imagine the expansion of the Appalachian Trail was no more than an idea.
The unidentified man in the short story has a lot perseverance and determination to reach his final destination, which are two qualities found in heroes. In the exposition of the story, it is known that he steps away from the main trail and wanders off in the Yukon to meet the other miners on a fork of Henderson creek. On his nine-hour walk in the brutal weather, he hopes to find logs in the springs from the islands. The man is a chechaquo, which means that he is a new-comer to the land and does not know what to expect because it is his first winter. During his trip, he is well aware that it is cold out, but he underestimates the weather and does not think much of it. In the short story, the narrator states, “But all of this – the mysterious, far-reaching hair-line trail, the absence of the sun from the sky, the tremendous cold, the strangeness and the weirdness of it all – made no impression on the man” (Kass, et al. 68). No matter what the conditions were, the man did not let it distract him and he decided to persist through it all. A hero will take any situation and work with it, all of t...
In his poem The Answer, Robinson Jeffers writes, ."..know that however ugly the parts appear the whole remains beautiful...the greatest beauty is organic wholeness...Love that, not man apart from that." Throughout his life, Robinson Jeffers tries to prove his environmental theories and his beliefs in "inhumanism" and "ecocentricism" and urges everyone to start living a life closer to Nature, the origin of all things on Earth. He has done so by setting himself as the best example - living a life near the sea without even the most essential house appliances like electricity and enjoy most of his time just being close to Nature, where his inspirations for poetry writings come from. All of poems he writes are filled with his attitude towards the dominant world view of Nature and his theory of how we should interact with our environment.
Simonds, William Joe. "The Boulder Canyon Project: Hoover Dam." Bureau of Reclamation History Program. Bureau of Reclamation, U.S. Department of the Interior. .