I. Introduction
Computer crime has been defined as, “Criminal activity directly related to the use of computers, specifically illegal trespass into the computer system or database of another, manipulation or theft of stored or on-line data, or sabotage of equipment and data.”
The purpose of this work is to examine breaches in computer security. As a future IT professional, with the possibility of being in charge of protecting the security of a database, it is relevant to take a “hacker approach” to security. Effective security is no matter where one goes fundamentally the same. Successful fundamental security practices are universal, crossing all arenas of computer usage whether it is in the nonprofit sector, government, or for personal use. Times change, technology moves forward, cultures vary from place yet there is no magic bullet that will protect ones system from every possible hack. The road to effective security can take many different paths, not one right path. Organizations with different missions, different hardware and different software remain secure not because of a particular version of a firewall or practices is superior, but because they use a strategy involving a defense in depth and are prepared for an ever changing computer attack. Any business or individual that uses the Internet is attaching its computer system to an immense network. This exposes hard drives to intruders and peoples personal behavior to snoopers. Security threats increase as computers become more connected with one another and tools that automate attacks make hacking easier. In addition, as businesses become more dependent on e-commerce, there is more to lose.
II. Problem Definition
Organizations are falling victim to intrusion through vulnerabilities that exist in their infrastructures and through security holes in software. Some common examples involving security breaches as stated by Hack Proofing Your Network:
· Denial-of-Service
· Information Leakage
· File Creation, Reading, Modification, Removal
· Misinformation
· Special File/Database Access
· Elevation of Privileges
· Snif...
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...lex authentication schemes, clearly help protect ones data, they cannot take the place of basic, effective change-control mechanisms and a secure production environment. Once an organization has established a solid foundation for its security practices, it can then consider and implement additional security procedures.
VII. Bibliography
http://www.msnbc.com/news/457161.asp?cp1=1, “Netspionage’ costs firms millions”, Bob Sullivan, Febuary 16, 2001
http://webdeveloper.internet.com/security/security_hacking_the_web.html, “Hacking the Web A Security Guide”, Anne Bilodeau, February 16, 2001
http://www.landfield.com/isn/mail-archive/2000/Jul/0051.html, “Study Finds Computer Viruses and Hacking Take $1.6 Trillion Toll on Worldwide Economy”, John DiStefano, February 16, 2001
http://www.oracle.com/oramag/oracle/00-May/o30sec.html, “Protecting Your Database”, Kevin Loney, February 16, 2001
http://www.amarillonet.com/stories/121000/usn_security.shtml, “Security administrators get into computer hacking”, Anick Jesdanun, February 16, 2001
Russell, R, J., (2000). Hack Proofing Your Network. Rockland: Syngress Media, Inc.
Mansfield, R, F., (2000) Hacker Attack!. Alameda: SYBEX, Inc.
However, I feel users had a different vision/perspective on security mechanisms and they trusted each other during those times and did not have to worry about protecting their information (this is how exactly, one person’s ignorance becomes another’s person’s - hacker, here bliss). This book helps us to understand the vulnerabilities; its impacts and why it is important to address/ fix those holes.
Cybercrimes and Cyber Protection in Canada Whenever a new technological advancements are made, laws and agencies must be implemented and amendments must be crafted to protect its users. As personal computers became available to Canada’s population, information became more accessible than ever before, and personal information such as a person’s address was easier to obtain. The computer and new technological advancements led to a new branch of criminality; cybercrimes. Cybercrimes are computer-related crimes defined by the Council of Europe (2001) as offences against the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of computer data and systems as well as computer-related and content-related offences.
The 1980s was a decade of reform. A decade when technology was improving and people were reinventing themselves all over the United States. Ronald Reagan was the President at this time from January 20th 1981 until January 20th 1989. Which was actually most of the decade, and between the years Reagan made extravagant and questionable changes for the government and economy. These questionable changes even caused was between two other countries. Drugs even became a problem when crack cocaine was the drug of choice. AIDs was also a complication during this decade being the leading epidemic. The purpose of this essay will be to explain the political and social issues of the 1980s, the following are just a few examples.
Computer crime has been an issue since the beginning of computers. Wherever there is something good, there is always someone who takes advantage of it. This can be seen in cyber crime, which has been on the rise in recent years. According to the Los Angeles Times, the median cost of computer crime to a company per year has risen from $3.8 million dollars in 2010 to $5.9 million. (Rodriguez, 2011) This suggests that computer crime is becoming an even bigger hazard to companies. A recent example of this was the data breach committed against Target in 2013.
In conclusion, the people, the events, the music, and the fashion in the 1970s affected the present. The 1970s was a period of change and growth, it was even the period of sadness. The economy was in a poor condition and Elvis Presley died. Furthermore, the split up of the Beatles made the period even sadder than before. Well we all grow and expand, but no matter how much we do grow we will mess up and it is just up to us to rebuild. Gerald Ford had to try to fix the earlier problems but he didn’t fix all of them. If we didn’t have the 1970s, we wouldn’t have been where we are now.
The nineteen eighties were known for new music genres becoming popular, space travel, new technologies, and a galore of fun and interesting things. This is the life of an average human in the nineteen eighties but as you dig deeper into the eighties and look between the lines you will discover many things about the nineteen eighties, such as its economic, social and political state. In the nineteen eighties Canada benefited greatly and saw great prosperity socially and politically but economically there were many negatives as well as positives.
Hua, J., & Bapna, S. (2013). The economic impact of cyber terrorism. Journal Of Strategic Information
Although the 1980s appeared to be a great time, it was actually mainly in a recession causing many to be jobless. The consumerism culture impacted the lives of many Americans and they were influenced by the people around them to continue to go out and buy the wants and ignore the needs in life; “there was a huge assortment of goods
In 1980 the American economy and government hit rock bottom. The Government is too big and needs to have less people and taxes need to be reduced because they are extremely high. There has been no Democrat or Republican to reduce the size of the Government besides Franklin D Roosevelt’s new deal. The 1980’s was the decade of scandals for example the Iran-Contra scandal which was made so that white house could carry out political their political agenda. Religious leaders Jim Bakker and Jimmy Swaggert who became part of the dirty sex scandal. A savings and loan scam fleeced Americans from billions and billions of bailout dollars.
There are different types of computer crimes that many people become victims of every day. Computer crime is any crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target ("Computer Crime: Chapter 2: What Are the Crimes? ", n.d.) - " Crimes such as data diddling, pump and dump, social engineering and spoofing are computer crimes. Even though these crimes are difficult due to privacy issues, the new technology has made investigations and prosecutions well organized and effective.
Security helps the organization meet its business objectives or mission by protecting its physical and financial resources, reputation, legal position, employees, and other tangible and intangible assets through the selection and application of appropriate safeguards. Businesses should establish roles and responsibilities of all personnel and staff members. However, a Chief Information Officer should be appointed to direct an organization’s day to day management of information assets. Supporting roles are performed by the service providers and include systems operations, whose personnel design and operate the computer systems. Each team member must be held accountable in ensuring all of the rules and policies are being followed, as well as, understanding their roles, responsibilities and functions. Organizations information processing systems are vulnerable to many threats that can inflict various types of damage that can result in significant losses (Harris, 2014). Losses can come from actions from trusted employees that defraud the system, outside hackers, or from careless data entry. The major threat to information protection is error and omissions that data entry personnel, users, system operators and programmers make. To better protect business information resources, organizations should conduct a risk analysis to see what
In the 1980s, several historical events happened,farm crisis, aid, crisis debt recession, and MTV. The debt crisis affected the farming crisis. The reason a the debt crisis affected the farming crisis was because if the farmers did not have the money to maintain their farm. MTV was the 24 hours all day every day playing the best music and music videos of the 1980s. MTV took music to a whole different level because before MTV people could not see music on a screen (unless they went to a concert), so MTV allowed people to go beyond their imagination and let people explore and see a whole a new world of music.
As electronic commerce, online business-to-business operations, and global connectivity have become vital components of a successful business strategy, enterprises have adopted security processes and practices to protect information assets. But if you look at today's computing environments, system security is a horrible game of numbers: there are currently over 9,223 publicly released vulnerabilities covering known security holes in a massive range of applications from popular Operating Systems through to obscure and relatively unknown web applications. [01] Over 300 new vulnerabilities are being discovered and released each month. Most companies work diligently to maintain an efficient, effective security policy, implementing the latest products and services to prevent fraud, vandalism, sabotage, and denial of service attacks. But the fact is you have to patch every hole of your system, but an attacker need find only one to get into your environment. Whilst many organisations subscribe to major vendor's security alerts, these are just the tip of the security iceberg and even these are often ignored. For example, the patch for the Code Red worm was available some weeks before the worm was released. [02]
The 1990s is a decade full of change for the good but also the bad. There are many events that happen during this decade that affect not only America but the world as a whole. During these ten years Americans experienced things never before though possible. In this time people see the end of a war, the beginning of a war, a huge advancement in technology, and the changing in morals for the country. The American people had two different presidents in the 1990s these two men changed America both in positive ways and negative ways. The culture during the 90s changed drastically from the previous decade. The 1990s will be remembered as a time of advancement and great change that shapes the world still to this day.
Computer crime is defined as, “Criminal activity directly related to the use of computers, specifically illegal trespass into the computer system or database of another, manipulation or theft of stored or on-line data, or sabotage of equipment and data.”(1). This includes both crimes using computers and crimes against computers.