Evolution is defined as the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier formed during the history of the Earth. Evolution is the reason we have so many different species. The basis of evolution comes from survival of the fittest. Those who do survive create an offspring even more fit for survival. The process of natural selection supports the idea of survival of the fittest and plays a key role in evolution.
They adapt to mankind’s defences to generate more breeding grounds of MRSA in humans and animals to generate growth. Genetic variation does not have to occur randomly as plasmids can transfer segments of DNA to distantly related organisms. Any inherited, genetic change in a population which takes place over several generations is defined as Biological evolution. Darwin and Lamarck have contributed majorly to the evolutionary theory. Although Lamarck’s theory was unsupported, he probably provided inspiration to Darwin and many other enthused scientists.
The Future of Human Evolution Evolution, the science of how populations of living organisms change over time in response to their environment, is the central unifying theme in biology today. Evolution was first explored in its semi-modern form in Charles Darwin 's 1859 book, Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection. In this book, Darwin laid out a strong argument for evolution. He postulated that all species have a common ancestor from which they are descended. As populations of species moved into new habitats and new parts of the world, they faced different environmental conditions.
The first person who proposed natural selection in 1858 was the English scientist Charles Darwin. According to Darwin’s theory, mutated genetic traits, which allow an individual to survive environmental changes, prevail and are passed on to the offspring. The offspring, having inherited the mutated traits, reproduces again and expands the population with the new traits. This new offspring and population have passed through the process of Natural Selection and survived. In comparison, individuals without the mutated genes or with less desirable traits may have a harder time surviving natural obstacles.
Because of limited resources, species who own favorable traits would have an advantage over those who do not have them, and would be more likely to survive and reproduce. Thomas Malthus established the belief that all growing populations will struggle because scarcity of resources will always be an issue. Since more offspring’s are produced than resources allow, individuals will end up competing for resources which fits in with Darwin's theory of natural selection. With the inspirations and ideas of Thomas Malthus, Charles Darwin was able to come up with the theory of natural selection. 2.
Darwin reasoned that, in nature, individuals with qualities that made them better adjusted to their environments or gave them higher reproductive capacities would tend to leave more offspring; such individuals were said to have higher fitness. Because more individuals are born than survive to breed, constant winnowing of the less fit-a natural selection-should occur, leading to a population that is well adapted to the environment it inhabits. When environmental conditions change, po... ... middle of paper ... ...le in the short term have broad tolerances, which may better enable them to survive extensive changes. Human beings are uniquely adapted in that they make and use tools and devices and invent and propogate procedures that give them extended control over their environments. Humans are significantly changing the environment itself.
Two of the fundamental facts of Darwin’s theory are: Evolution and Natural Selection. Charles Darwin came to understand that species appear and disappear through time, while they exist, they transform or change. Understanding the variations of species was essential to the development of the Darwinism theory. Darwin began to see the shifting of individuals while he was on the Beagle Voyage. He paid more attention to the varieties of individuals during his work on barnacles, domestic plants and animals.
Darwin writes on how a species will adapt to its environment given enough time. When an animal gains a genetic edge over its competitors, be they of the same species or of another genus altogether, the animal has increased its chance of either procreation or adaptation. When this animal has this beneficial variance, the advantage becomes his and because of this, the trait is then passed on to the animals offspring. The theory of natural selection is not limited to inheritable and beneficial variations of a species. It also relies a great deal on the population growth and death of a species.
4) Those individuals that possess some characteristic that are useful in adapting the environment increase their chances of survival, and produce more offspring with the favorable characteristic and pass them to the next generations. Due to the variations in characteristic and physical changes, the new individual will eventually become so distinct that they will constitute different specie. Sexual competition is an important aspect that "depends, not on a struggle for existence, but on a struggle between the males for the possession of the females ". It does not affect the death of the recessive individual, but it results in fewer or no offspring for that male. Victory depends on special traits.
Natural selection is simple yet complex process that allows species adapt to its environment. Natural selection guides evolution by “sifting out” favorable traits that increase survival for the species. Natural selection is driven by reproductive success. If a species can reproduce and its offspring survive than any traits in its genotype that assisted in its survival will be passed on from generation to generation and ensure that the species will live on. Around the time the Theory of Evolution was suggested, society was very religious and very pressed on the Theory of Creation, so the publication of Darwin’s The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection caused a lot of controversy.