CHAPTER 3 INTRODUCTION OF DWT 3.1 3-D DWT Architecture The 3-D DWT can be considered as a combination of three one dimensional DWT in the x, y and z directions, as shown in Fig. 3.1. The preliminary work in the DWT processor design is to build 1-D DWT modules, which are composed of high-pass and low-pass filters that perform a convolution of filter coefficients and input pixels. After a one-level of - discrete wavelet transform, the volume of image is decomposed into HHH, HHL, HLH, HLL, LHH, LHL, LLH and LLL signals as shown in the Fig. 3.1 [1]. Fig. 3.1 One-level 3-D DWT structure Recently, a methodology for implementing lifting based DWT has been proposed because of lifting based DWT has many advantages over convolution based one [3-5]. The lifting structure largely reduces the number of multiplication and accumulation where filter bank architectures can take advantage of many low power constant multiplication algorithms. FPGA is used in general in these systems due to low cost and high computing speed with reprogrammable property. 3.2 Lifting Scheme for 1-D DWT using 9/7 Filter The basic idea behind the lifting scheme is very simple; try to use the correlation in the data to remove redundancy [3, 4]. First split the data into two sets (split phase) i.e., odd samples and even samples as shown in Fig. 3.2[1, 2]. Because of the assumed smoothness of the data, we predict that the odd samples have a value that is closely related to their neighbouring even samples. We use N even samples to predict the value of a neighbouring odd value (predict phase). With a good prediction method, the chance is high that the original odd sample is in the same range as its prediction. We calculate the difference between the odd sample and its p... ... middle of paper ... ... are rules to specify in which order they are searched. A common example of using both a working library and a resource library is one where your gate-level design and test-bench are compiled into the working library, and the design references gate-level models in a separate resource library. The diagram below shows the basic steps for simulating with multiple libraries. Fig. 3.9 Basic steps for multiple library flow You can also link to resource libraries from within a project. If you are using a project, you would replace the first step above with these two steps: create the project and add the test-bench to the project. 3.4.2.4 Debugging Tools ModelSim offers numerous tools for debugging and analyzing your design. 1. Setting breakpoints and stepping through the source code 2. Viewing waveforms and measuring time 3. Viewing and initializing memories
Tanaka, K., Saito, H. A., Fukada, Y., & Moriya, M. (1991). Coding vidual images of objects
The NIST RBAC model comprises four model components (Figure 3.3): which are core RBAC, hierarchical RBAC, static separation of duty (SSD) relations, and dynamic separation of duty (DSD) relations.
For combining the profit of PCA and wavelets, the capacity for each variable are decomposed to its wavelet coefficients by the same wavelet for each variable. This transformation of the data matrix brings X into a matrix, WX, while W is an n * n orthonormal matrix showing the orthonormal wavelet transformation operator that contains the filter coefficients.
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM What are the strengths and weaknesses of Telerik’s communication strategy and practices? Strengths :- 1. What is the difference between a. and a. Employees at Telerik work in an open space. The atmosphere is informal, flexible and open.
In modern day business, there can be so many pressures that can cause managers to commit fraud, even though it often starts as just a little bit at first, but will spiral out of control with time. In the case of WorldCom, there were several pressures that led executives and managers to “cook the books.” Much of WorldCom’s initial growth and success was due to acquisitions. Over time, WorldCom discovered that there were no more opportunities for growth through acquisitions when the U.S. Department of Justice disallowed the acquisition of Sprint.
Dubey, R.B., et al. “The Current CAD and PACS Technologies in Medical Imaging.” International Journal of Applied Engineering Research 4.8 (2009): 1439-1456. Academic Search Complete. Web. 20 Feb. 2011.
The Great Wall of China, one of the world’s eight wonders, is one of the most famous feats of human architecture in the history of the world. This ancient marvel is not only a great spectacle, but is also significant in the shaping and molding of the China everyone knows today. The Great Wall of China allowed China to possess some of the longest lived governmental structures in the world by providing a means of protection against hostile nomadic groups and other warlike peoples. This allowed the lifespans of the dynasties-- lines of hereditary rulers who rule over a country for a long period of time-- inside the wall to be prolonged. This massive structure is therefore a key part of China’s history, influencing nearly every dynasty that ruled the region, since the rise of the first emperor.
In 3D ultrasounds, the computer takes multiple two-dimensional images at various angles and arranges them to form a three-dimensional
Except as provided in subparagraph [1] (C) and (D), the predominant use of any property shall be determined based on—
WorldCom started as a small long distance telephone service provider in 1983. In the 1990’s, companies were able to attain cheap and plentiful financing. This allowed them to quickly build transcontinental and transoceanic fiber optic networks. This allowed the company to grow financially and increase its customer base. In 1997, WorldCom merged with MCI Communications to become the second largest long distance telephone service behind AT&T. The merger of WorldCom and MCI was the largest corporate merger in US history at that time. Over the next six years, MCI WorldCom successfully acquired 65 other companies in order to expand their services and capabilities even more. Increasing its capacity helped keep WorldCom’s prices lower for its services,
WorldCom, US second largest telecommunication company in the United States behind AT&T, was founded in 1983. The company starts their business under the name “Long Distance Discount Services” (LDDS), providing long distance telecommunication services. The company was profitable from the start. In 1985, Bernie Ebbers became the company’s CEO. The company changes its name to WorldCom in 1995. During the 1990’s, the company starts to grow through series of successful acquisition and merger. However, during the late 1999, the company’s performance begins to decline due to heightened competition and reduced demand for telecommunication services.
In 1984, Long Distance Discount Service (LDDS) was created by Murray Waldron and William Rector in Hattiesburg, Mississippi and began operations as a long distance reseller. Bernie Ebbers was named CEO the next year. Ebbers was able to grow the company through numerous acquisitions and mergers over the course of 15 years. After expanding around the globe the company changed their name to WorldCom. (Ferrell 1) WorldCom was able to complete 65 acquisitions in this time and became an industry leader in telecommunications. However, WorldCom began overextending themselves in their quest for acquisitions which started their downfall (Patra 172).
The uses of Digital Signal Processing in communications has become so large scale that nearly any form of analog communication is considered obsolete. Today, nearly any form of communication used, aside from verbal communication, relates to Digital Signal Processing. Some of the more prominent uses for DSP in communications are; local area networks, cell pho...
...lps to provide this information. List your resource in alphabetical order by the first word on each of the bibliography cards.
The output of canny edge detection is used to get features. Two [10 10] zones are created to store features.