DSL Technology
Introduction The accelerated growth of content rich applications and online gaming, which demand high bandwidth, has changed the nature of information networks. High-speed communication is now an ordinary requirement throughout business, government, academic, and home office environments. Internet access, telecommuting, and remote LAN access are three of the clearly defined services that network access providers are offering now. These rapidly growing applications are placing a new level of demand on the telephone infrastructure. In particular, the local loop portion of the network (i.e., the local connection from the subscriber to the local central office) has become a challenge for telephone companies. Historically, this local loop facility has been provisioned with copper cabling which cannot easily support high bandwidth transmission. This environment is now being stressed by the demand for increasingly higher bandwidth capacities. Although this infrastructure could be replaced by a massive rollout of fiber technologies, the cost to do so would be insupportable in today's business models and, more importantly, the time to accomplish such a transition is unacceptable because the market demand exists today! Telephone companies are already faced with growing competition and unprecedented customer demands A new category of companies, Internet Service Providers (ISPs), has emerged in this market as providers of data services. Traditionally ISPs have used the telephone company infrastructure. However, thanks to deregulation, they now have direct access to the physical cable plant. ISPs will be formidable competitors in this quest for the customers. Network service providers around the world fill this moment with great potential for remarkable success. A new technology called high-speed Digital Subscriber Line (xDSL) has emerged onto this scene. xDSL, which encompasses several different technologies, essentially allows the extension of megabit bandwidth capacities from the service provider central office to the customer premises on a customer by customer basis over the existing copper cabling, without the need for massive infrastructure replacement and at very reasonable costs. These new xDSL solutions satisfy the business need to provision the network in a fast, cost effective manner, while preserving the infrastructure and allowing a planned migration into newer technologies. xDSL has the ability to meet the customer demand for high bandwidth right now, at costs that make sense. xDSL is a group of emerging Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) modem technologies for supporting high-rate traffic transmission over POTS lines. X stands for asymmetric in ADSL, rate adaptive in RADSL, high-speed in HDSL, and very high speed in VDSL.
For competitive cheer you have to athletic if you want to be good. The cheerleaders are non stop tumbling, stunting, jumping, or dancing for more than two minutes. They never have a break in the routine that is pushed to the max with all the difficulty you can make and all of the legal things you can do in a routine. The sport
Employees protested, “that supervisors should have received a reduced bonus because they were not working as hard as they are and the company might be playing with the numbers” (Beer & Collins, 2008 p.6). A beneficial system for the new Scanlon Plan is to rearranged payout count. This will help to regain trust amongst employees and management. Equity Theory stresses integrity to all compensation arrangement and if this is effectively executed, then this will resolve the mistrust issue that employees have with their management team. The rewards should not be paid on a consistent month-to-month basis, instead, on a settled proportion plan, which gives rewards "each nth time the right behavior is demonstrated" (Bauer and Erdogan, 2013, p. 112). Traditionally, this would imply that workers are paid reward each time a specific measure of cash in permitted payroll is met. “The current permitted payroll is at 38% of sales value” (Engstrom, 2008). This requires no change. Instead, when Engstrom comes to a permitted payroll of one million dollars, then 10% of that sum should naturally disbursed to workers as rewards. This tackles numerous past issues with the Scanlon
The portrayal of the principles of ethnic relations was considered to be accurate for that time of the 1960's. Economic inequality was not something that was unusual for the African American culture. They were concentrated in the slums and ghettos were opportunity was not something they had a lot of. The other principles like discrimination, prejudice, and stereotypes like that portrayed in this movie was much like the real life that African Americans had to live in, and even still do just not as extreme as in the 60' and in years before. So as disturbing as it maybe this video did a good job at portraying the principles analyzed in this time frame.
Cheerleading is just as much as a sport as football or basketball. We look forward to showing off our skills, too. Most cheerleaders are just as strong as a football player and just as flexible as a gymnast. Since when is cheerleading a girls sport? It isn’t. On a high school team you might not see many guys. However, in competitive cheerleading, they’re everywhere! No, they’re not homosexuals. Males provide strength, power and a much needed competitive edge. Just because we make something look easy doesn’t mean it is. Skills can take months to learn. It could take a while to overcome the fear of doing it. It all depends on the person. For some people it could come naturally, but some may have to work harder. A lot of things could go wrong if something isn’t done correctly. Most times when something goes wrong, someone gets hurt as
The absence of appropriate motivation, fairness, and communication are recognized as the root causes of the issues at the Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant. These are the real issues that added to the decrease in efficiency and product quality. Workers who are affected in an organization might be a result of de-motivation, poor communication, and personal conflict. The presence of these components is the thing that could result in a decline of workers’ productivity, since workers feel they have no control over their work and what they produce. “The success of any Analysis Organization depends on the ability of managers to provide a motivating environment for its employees” (Osabiya, p. 63).
From an outsiders perspective one may see brainless and beautiful robots, which scream and perform neat tricks. This is not the case from the inside; cheerleading is so much more than that. Many people are under the impression that cheerleading is not a sport. I am the voice of reasoning that will let you in, and I will show you that cheerleading, in fact, is a sport. Cheerleading requires much physical demand from the body just as any other sport would. Cheerleading, in general, is a team effort. There are many sides to cheerleading, which make it a versatile sport. When it comes to cheerleading there’s more to it than what meets the eye.
When I first started cheering, I decided to participate because of two reasons: my mom forced me and my older sister, who I modeled after, cheered. As I got older and began to think for myself, I had engaged in cheer for so long that it became a habit. If my mom did not demand that I partake in cheer, I would not have been able to go through situations that sparked personal growth and knowledge. Cheerleading has given me opportunities to guide and interact with younger kids, which has influenced my decision to become a pediatrician.
The internet explosion has changed how we go about our everyday lives. The thirst for information and the need to ‘always be connected’ is spawning a new era of communications. This new era will continue to spur the need for higher bandwidth technologies to keep pace with processor performance. Because of Moore’s law, computing today is limited less by the computer’s performance than by the rate at which data can travel between the processor and the outside world. Fiber-optic solutions are replacing copper-based solutions, which can no longer meet the bandwidth and distance requirements needed for worldwide data communications [3]. Over the last decade, optical communication technologies have migrated steadily from long-haul backbones to the network edge, invading metropolitan area networks (MANs) and campus-level ...
I can remember coming to school and hearing all my classmates talk about how much they hated going to the dentist. Going to the dentist was one thing that I have always loved to do. The sound of the tools and just the smell of the clinic was never a bad atmosphere to me, I actually enjoy the dentist. Laura was my first dental hygienist from as far back as I can remember, and she had the whitest teeth I have ever seen! I have honestly came to the conclusion that I am obsessed with teeth. With this being said, I have always felt and known that I wanted to be a dental hygienist. I am currently in my first year here at Community College getting my preq for dental hygiene. I always get the question, “Why would you want to look in somebody’s mouth all day?” After I hear this question and then I start thinking to myself. I want to be a dental hygienist because first of all someone has got to do it and secondly, I think smiles light up rooms and if I can help get more smiles in this world then that is what I am going to do. With seeking my career in dental hygiene I have great hopes of being able to help people understand and find compassion in caring for their teeth and inspiring them as Laura inspired me.
One of my mom's very good friends is also a Dental Hygienist and she has been working in the field for years. She got to talking to my mom about this Volunteer Dental Project she has been going on every year for about 5 years. The project was called Great Shape/1000 smiles and took place every year in Ocho Rios, Jamaica. My mom is not in the dental field but quickly decided she would go and help out with tasks you did not need any in depth dental knowledge for. I was a senior in high school and the time in need of a senior project. What better project to do then volunteer to help people. So next thing I know I was invited to go and found myself in Jamaica teaching little kids how to brush
Cheer, a diverse and dangerous sport is a very foggy subject for many. The majority of the population would say cheer is just a group cheering on a sports team. Before being able to define what cheer is, one must first look at current day competitive cheer. How cheer gained its stereotypes lays in its history, and rapidly evolved into a completely different function. With cheer being the number one cause of sports injury for girls under twenty, twenty thousand deaths from stunting, and seventy percent of girls sports injuries in high school, the statistics raises an eyebrow as to just what cheerleaders are doing. Cheer went from chants, to stunt groups, to worlds championships in just a century.
Cable Modems in the Workplace Until recently, small businesses could not afford T-1 service to connect to the network. The recent advent of cable modems has provided a cheaper alternative to this problem. Cable operators have primarily targeted consumers in their initial cable modem rollouts. Multiple System Operators (MSOs) are now selling higher priced broadband Internet services to the corporate customer. The question is, does cable modem technology provide the optimum service for a medium sized company that is dependent on the Internet for data computing and research?
Digital Subscriber Line new technology that takes advantage of standard copper telephone line to provide secure, reliable, high-speed Internet access. DSL refers to the family of digital subscriber line technologies, such as ADSL, HDSL, and RADSL. Connection speed for DSL ranges from 1.44 Mbps to 512 Kbps downstream and around 128 Kbps upstream. Unlike traditional connections DSL such as analog modems and IDSN, DSL deliver continuous “always on” access. That means multimedia-rich websites, e-mail, and other online applications are available anytime. DSL makes it possible for you to remain online even while you’re talking on the telephone-without jeopardizing the quality of either connection. DSL is available in a spectrum of speeds. Some are best home use, while others are designed to accommodate rigorous business demands. Whether for business or the home, DSL, offers unsurpassed price/performance value compared to other online options. There are the five facts that one should know about DSL. It is remarkably fast. With DSL service, you can benefit from Internet speeds that are up to 12 minutes faster than a typical ISDN connection and 50 times faster than traditional 28.8 Kbps modems. This means that in the 12 seconds it takes to read this information, you could have downloaded a 2 megabyte presentation file or web photograph. It would take 10 more minutes (600 more seconds!) to download the same with a traditional 28.8 Kbps. It’s highly reliable. One can depend on DSL because its proven technology takes full advantage of the existing telecommunications infrastructure. It’s inherently secure. DSL network provides a dedicated Internet connection via private telephone wires, you can bypass dial-up intruders or shared network hackers. Unlike traditional dial-upp modems or cable modems. DSL protects your valuable data with the most secure connection available. It’s surprising affordable. DSL is widely recognized as the most cost-effective connectivity solution for small buisness. DSL delivers industrial- strength like speed to multiple users at only 25% of typical TI costs. There is no better price option available. DSL is also an exceptional value for home users. At about $2 a day for services that meets the needs of most people. The connection is always on. It’s ready to run every minute of the day. There’s no more logging on and off. No more busy signals or disconnects. This gives you the freedom to focus on what you want to accomplish on line rather than focusing on trying to get connected.
Over the past few years, Internet-enabled business, or e-business, has drastically improved efficiency and revenue growth. E-business applications such as e-commerce, supply-chain management, and remote access allow companies to streamline processes, lower operating costs, and increase customer satisfaction. Such applications require mission-critical networks that accommodate voice, video, and data traffic, and these networks must be scalable to support increasing numbers of users and the need for greater
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 opened the way for cable TV (CATV) companies to become full-fledged telecommunications companies, offering two-way voice and data communications services, in addition to television programming. After passage of the Act, the cable companies were eager to expand into the new fields of business that had been opened to them, especially the rapidly growing Internet Service Provider (ISP) business. The biggest hurdle facing the cable companies is that cable television systems were designed for one-way traffic, and must be upgraded into modern two-way networks in order to support advanced communications services. This is an expensive and technically complex undertaking. In addition, interfaces allowing subscriber’s PCs to access the Internet via the CATV cable had to be developed. These interface devices are called cable modems. Cable modems are designed to take advantage of the broadband capability provided by the cable TV infrastructure, enabling peak connection speeds many times faster than conventional dial-up connections.