DMCA and Russia
Background Information
Traditionally, book authors have had the Copyright Law to protect their creations. That changed, however, since their books have become available in electronic format. In short, the creations had been turned into information – one that can effortlessly be copied and distributed thanks to invent of computers, Internet, and (lately), cheap data storage devices. Adobe Corporation’s eBook was meant to fix that problem for the copyright owners, while letting the readers keep their rights to their copy of the book.
A book translated into eBook format would contain various permissions in it, preventing the user from being able to share the book with anyone else (by tying the eBook’s decryption key to the user’s computer). Additionally, the distributor of the book would be able to specify whether the book can be transferred to paper (printed), text copied, book edited, etc. In theory, such restrictions would prevent unlawful distribution of books in electronic format. Unfortunately, the golden rule of computer security applies in full force here: the level of security is inversely proportional to the usability of the product being secured. In short, Adobe’s restrictions allowed the publishers to prevent users from printing a legal copy of the book (to read away from a computer), creating a backup copy of the book in case the computer has to be restored from a failure or upgraded, and other limitations, e.g. disabling built-in provisions for vision-impaired users.
U.S. vs. Dmitry Sklyarov & ElcomSoft
Since 1993, in mid- to late summer, DefCon, a yearly convention of hackers1 has occurred in Las Vegas, Nevada. In 2001, two programmers from Russia – Dmitry Sklyarov and Andy Malyshev – presented their findings of flaws in protection schemes used by the Adobe’s eBook format.2 Dmitry was arrested by the FBI half an hour before boarding a plane back to Moscow, Russia.3
Even after holding Dmitry for more than a week, no bail hearing was even scheduled. The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) – a non-profit organization dedicated to protecting the freedoms we enjoy in the physical world, in the digital world – has stepped in and started with organizing protests aimed at freeing Sklyarov from jail. These protests have been postponed while EFF representatives met with representatives from Adobe Corp. and US Attorney Office. As a result, Adobe Corp. has dropped its support of the lawsuit, but the case was not closed. It was only after 3 weeks that Dmitry was finally released, on a $50,000 bail.
Within America’s society today, 3.8 percent of the population is gay, lesbian, or bisexual. With only 17 of the 50 states legalizing and recognizing this type of relationship (“History…”), it puts a stronghold on same-sex couples to publicly declare their love with the promise of marriage. Same-sex marriages should be legalized because everyone has equal rights of freedom and liberty.
Abstract On June 26, 2015 a divided Supreme Court ruled in the landmark case Obergefell v. Hodges that same-sex couples could now marry nationwide. At the time of the split ruling there were 9 supreme court justices, 5 of the justices were Republicans, and the remaining 4 were Democrats. In high profile cases it is except that the justices will vote along party lines. When the 5-4 ruling was reveled by the following statement. “It would misunderstand these men and women to say they disrespect the idea of marriage. Their plea is that they do respect it, respect it so deeply that they seek to find its fulfillment for themselves. Their hope is not to be condemned to live in loneliness, excluded from one of civilization’s oldest institutions. They ask for equal dignity in the eyes of the law. The Constitution grants them that right (Corn,2015).” written by
This source considers the issue of converting to digital books, specifically as it pertains to the effect that this change would have on the global environment. Although the research does recognize that there are disadvantages to not having a physical copy of a book and to abandoning certain platforms that do not transfer well to a digital form, overall, these researchers conclude that publishers should move towards digital products not only for the sake of cheaper long-run costs, but also for the good that going paperless can do for the environment. By displaying a series of graphs, as well as including multiple data sets, the text explains how e-books compare with printed texts; then, analysis of these facts is also included to show the reader the authors’ point.
Despite the variety of health care options offed to the public, most homeless people find that their medical needs are not even being acknowledged. There are many programs that are categorized as healthcare programs, which include things as broad as having a regular primary care giver to things as specific as dental needs or being able to get help from a specialist if needed. Whether or not medical needs are being met is qualified by what defines a “need”. In a study of the homeless population in the New England region, participants were asked “Have you needed to see a doctor or a nurse in the past 12 months but were not able?” (Hwang, Stephen, Ueng, Joanna, Chiu, Shirley &ump; Tolomiczenko, George, 2010, p.1455). If the people in th...
Over the past decade the societal view of creative society has greatly changed due to advances in computer technology and the Internet. In 1995, aware of the beginning of this change, two authors wrote articles in Wired Magazine expressing diametrically opposed views on how this technological change would take form, and how it would affect copyright law. In the article "The Emperor's Clothes Still Fit Just Fine" Lance Rose hypothesized that the criminal nature of copyright infringement would prevent it from developing into a socially acceptable practice. Thus, he wrote, we would not need to revise copyright law to prevent copyright infringement. In another article, Entitled "Intellectual Value", Esther Dyson presented a completely different view of the copyright issue. She based many her arguments on the belief that mainstream copyright infringement would proliferate in the following years, causing a radical revision of American ideas and laws towards intellectual property. What has happened since then? Who was right? This paper analyzes the situation then and now, with the knowledge that these trends are still in a state of transformation. As new software and hardware innovations make it easier to create, copy, alter, and disseminate original digital content, this discussion will be come even more critical.
The study of psychology began as a theoretical subject a branch of ancient philosophy, and later as a part of biological sciences and physiology. However, over the years, it has grown into a rigorous science and a separate discipline, with its own sets of guidance and experimental techniques. This paper aims to study the various stages that the science of psychology passed through to reach its contemporary status, and their effects on its development. It begins with an overview of the historical and philosophical basis of psychology, discusses the development of the various schools of thought, and highlights their effects on contemporary personal and professional decision-making.
The Internet has most publicly impacted Copyright legislation and thus this essay will focus on it specifically. Copyrights are ìoriginal works of authorship in any tangible medium of expression, Öfrom which the work can be perceived, reproduced or otherwise communicated, either directly or withÖ aidî (Bird, p.86). Not only has its existence and understanding been heightened by the general public, but violations against it have ìincreased on the Internet as far as its use and what is being used.î (Medieval Romance, p.1) ìNever before has it been so easy to violate a copyright ownerís exclusive right to copy.î (Bird, p.86) The Internet has increased piracy, it has changed legislation for both creators and infringers, it is been the precursor for harsher punishments to violators, and it has clouded jurisdiction principles.
The Internet distributes more information than any other medium in the world. There are several problems that have emerged along with the Internet, “As soon as the public began to use the Internet, people began to express concern about its use” (Clark 1). Some groups feel that the World Wide Web is dangerous because of it’s open accessibility, whereas other groups see that the Internet is something that can be used to share knowledge globally. The Internet should not be censored because censorship would restrict Americans’ first amendment rights; regulations have been tried and have failed in the past, and there are better methods of education and protection than censorship.
The development of psychology like all other sciences started with great minds debating unknown topics and searching for unknown answers. Early philosophers and psychologists such as Sir Francis Bacon and Charles Darwin took a scientific approach to psychology by introducing the ideas of measurement and biology into the way an indi...
From the outside looking in you might say that it is hard but it is relatively simple to do. People cannot tell that till they try it and actually see it personally. Growing up for everybody is different. It is supposed to be that why so that everybody has gone by the same road. Growing up is inherently painful because life is not a simple job to do. There is supposed to be tough times in life and times that are really bad just so that you know where you came from and to see what you are today. If that did not happen what would everybody be doing because we will be like kids for the rest of our lives, but that will never happen. Also it is painful to show us that we have to work to have what we have so we can appreciate the things that we work for. Do you appreciate the decision that you made in the path you decided to take in life to be what you are today?
The Statute of Anne (the first modern form of copyright law) was introduced after the printing press was invented. Before this time, books would have to be hand written and for this reason they were ve...
Her imagination starts going wild and she begun to visualize this amazing home that turns out to be just another creepy house in a new neighborhood that she does not feel to be her own. As the situation unfolds, we see Sadness want to take over, but Joy refuses to give her the commend as he wants to keep Riley happy by letting her visualize how her room can look like ones the movers come with all her personal belongings, but this soon come to a scratching stop as her mother informs her to the mistake that the movers have done. This sends her in a down word spiral witch affects her way of thinking and begins to changer her
The author uses many metaphors in the story. The author writes, “Their love was a green traffic light.” This metaphor has compared the love of the two lovebirds to the green traffic light. This means that their romance had a lot of meaning to the two. The author describes their love as one that is mutual and relevant. In life, people may enter into marriage and love one another for who they are. Marie-Claire loved Conrad to the extent that she could sacrifice anything for his sake. The author narrates how they used to keep each other company. Every time the two lovebirds were together, they used to share light moments. They used to laugh and smile all the time because of the gi...
During the past few years, the publishing and reading world has been facing a veritable digital book onslaught. E-books have been outselling print books on Amazon since 2011 (Polanka, 7). While digital book sales skyrocketed, print book sales, especially those of mass marked paperbacks, diminished. Even the fact that e-books are not much cheaper than print books does not seem to interfere with the former’s popularity. It would seem that the age of print books is about to end, and quite soon.
Many countries made individual laws and practices about copyright and printing books. One practice came from the Stationers Company3, based in the City of London, who in the mid 16th century established a rule amongst themselves that they would not print any books that had already been printed. However this agreement did not pertain to ...