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During the 19th century, continental Europe was in a state of chaos, the people searched for a “democratic” system that made everyone equal in a world ruled by inequality. During this time monarchs created multiple kingdoms within a single country, causing the country to be stagnant and uncooperative. Under this regime the peasants and low class people were exploited by the upper class, causing the people to unite and revolt against their oppressors. The century of revolution began with the French Revolution in 1789, when the French moved to create a united people’s republic. With the success of the French Revolution, the acts of the French people inspired other revolutionaries to emerge in an attempt to unify the people of their own countries. Twice a powerful nation (Roman Empire and Renaissance) the Italians were subject to the laws of both France and Austria. Italy began their attempt in establishing an independent peninsula in 1815; it lasted for three-quarters of a century culminating to the capture of Rome in 1870. The establishment of a unified Italy was engineered the unity of the Kingdom of Italy. Cavour politically united the people, Mazzini instilled the idea of nationalism throughout Europe and Garibaldi led the revolution that would make Italy independent. The acts of these individuals were pivotal in establishing unifying Italy and her people.
The Italian identity was born under Giuseppe Mazzini, a member of the Carbonari, a secret society who participated in overthrowing governments. During his time with cabonari Mazzini strove to eliminate the Austrian influence from Italy whilst unifying Italy into a democratic republic. Mazzini saw revolution as the only means to establishing an national identity, not only in...

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... in various different ways. Mazzini acted as the spark of revolution through his ability to unite the people through his literary propaganda. Cavour’s role was that of the statesmen, developing ways to make unification work under a constitutional government. Cavour ensured Italian unification through diplomatic channels culminating in the conflict that would eventually unite Italy. Apart from establishing the Italian peninsula, Cavour also built a railway to unite areas of Italy and also aided in stabilizing the economy. Lastly, Garibaldi acted as the sword, the revolutionary that through his exploits encouraged the people to revolt against their oppressive masters, acting as the final piece of the Italian shaped puzzle. Through the actions of these three individuals the Italian unification was a planned endeavor engineered by Italians for the freedom of Italians.

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