2. Experimental Work
2.1. Workpiece Material
The composite specimen workpiece is made up of E-Glass / Epoxy unidirectional laminate with the resin fiber ratio of 35:65. The GFRP laminate used in this investigation measures 100 X 50 X 10 mm as shown in Figure 1. The drilling experiments were conducted using a radial arm drilling machine coupled with IEICOS drill tool dynamometer and a data acquisition system. The Mechanical properties and specifications of the GFRP laminate are summarized in Table 1 and Table 2.
2.2. Drill Tool
The 10mm diameter solid carbide twist drill coated with TiAlN is used to drill the GFRP laminate, shown in Figure 2. The Properties and geometric specifications of the twist drill are summarized in Table 3 and Table
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Cutting Force Analysis
The cutting force analysis was carried out to evaluate the influence of spindle speed and feed rate in the drilling operation of the GFRP laminate. Drilling experiments were conducted on GFRP laminate, and using the Drill tool dynamometer & a data acquisition system the thrust forces were recorded as shown in the Figure 4 (a).
Figure 4 (a) shows that, the drilling process can be divided into three stages,
1. Initially the cutting tool is not in contact with the workpiece hence the thrust force is recorded as zero.
2. Next the cutting tool advances into the workpiece, a sharp raise in the cutting force is observed till the chisel edge of the drill enters the work piece completely. (Entry stage)
3. When the chisel edge is completely inside the workpiece, the thrust force remains constant and maximum.
4. Once the cutting edge reaches the end of the workpiece, the thrust force is dropped suddenly (exit stage), this stage is similar to the entry stage indicates the end of the drilling process.
5. Fluctuation in the thrust force is observed due to the inhomogenity, anisotropic nature of the GFRP Laminate and due to the shearing and brittle fracture of the resin and glass fiber during the drilling
The straight-edge blade will be useful for many purposes both in everyday occurrences and outdoor use, but the lack of a sawing ability makes it less useful ...
In agreement with preliminary question 3, Figure 1 demonstrates that the force necessary to keep the block sliding is significantly less than the force that is necessary to initiate the slide.
These globules act as a lubricant, decreasing the friction coefficient between the tools and the materials by creating discontinuities of chip fragmentation. Therefore, it reduces cutting force and then, the tool wear rate is minimized [13]. Different alloying elements help to improve the machinability are usually added to brass. The most common element used in this situation is lead, which improves the machinability with excellent chip breakage, low tool wear and high applicable cutting parameters. These aspects can be explained by two basic phenomena; in the first, the solubility of lead in brass is extremely low and lead segregates in the entire microstructure, particularly at the grain boundaries.
...t; the W axis lets go of the chatter killer plug and goes to its home position. Different machining processes can be started, like threading, turning, chamfering and boring of the pipe. Once the thread is cut on the pipe, it is thoroughly inspected. The American Petroleum Institute commonly referred to as API has been developing technical standards for the industry since 1924. These technical standards are uncontroversial, ensure safety, safeguard health and protect the environment. Once the thread has been inspected and passed, a thread protector is screwed on that covers the entire thread are on both internal and external threads. After the other end of the pipe goes through the same process, the pipe is ready to be used in oil drilling applications.
Fabrication at the factory utilizes a mix of robotics and manual labor to produce the body of the V-Rod. Robots that are designed to cut pipe are capable of completing a single operation within 3 seconds. Other fabrication robots utilize 1800 watt lasers that can perform cutting operations at the rate of 100 inches per minute. Where robotics can be used to perform high speed cutting and welding operations, skilled workers are a...
The program consists of precise instructions about the methodology of manufacture as well as movements. For example, what tool is to be used, at what speed, at what feed and to move from which point to which point in what path. Since the program is the controlling point for product manufacture, the machine becomes versatile and can be used for any part. All the functions of a NC machine tool are therefore controlled electronically, hydraulically or pneumatically. In NC machine tools, one or more of the following functions may be automatic.bhk
In the experiment these materials were used in the following ways. A piece of Veneer wood was used as the surface to pull the object over. Placed on top of this was a rectangular wood block weighing 0.148-kg (1.45 N/ 9.80 m/s/s). A string was attached to the wood block and then a loop was made at the end of the string so a Newton scale could be attached to determine the force. The block was placed on the Veneer and drug for about 0.6 m at a constant speed to determine the force needed to pull the block at a constant speed. The force was read off of the Newton scale, this was difficult because the scale was in motion pulling the object. To increase the mass weights were placed on the top of the ...
In figure WHATEVER, the only force is gravity (Fg.) This force can be described by the equation:
5. If only one force acts on an object, then the net force could not be zero, which would cause the object to be have an acceleration and the velocity could not be zero.
Mechanical Engineering 130.2 (2008): 6 - 7. Academic Search Complete. Web. The Web. The Web.
Flank – surface below the adjacent of the cutting edge is called flank of the tool.
It is also necessary to take into account the consequent restrictions of the manufacturing process. This means that the firewall and seat geometry needs to be designed considering the characteristics and limitations of the 5D CNC milling machine (used to obtain the milling models) and the Mould.
If you have no idea what that means, picture it this way. Imagine if while turning a screw, you started tapping it with a hammer; the screw would go in faster. That is essentially what an impact driver does. An impact driver hammers a screw around 50 times a second, which produces upwards of 5 times more torque than your average cordless drill. So, if you are having issues getting a screw through tough material, then you may want to try swapping out a cordless drill for an impact driver.
Advanced CNC fabrication tools and 3D printing machines have made notable improvements in the construction industry. The benefits of this new approach have been developed over many years to increase...
and into the jet unit which propels the boat to high velocities we would see