Culvert design is extremely important because fish passage in rivers, creeks and other waterways are essential for reproduction and survival of many fish species. If poor designs of culverts are installed, upstream fish migration can be impeded. Many culverts have been designed especially for fish migration and passage. Culverts have many impacts to stream system even when fish passage is successful including; channel disruption during construction, hydraulic effects up and downstream, increased or decreased flow rates or many other impacts. When stream crossings are necessary three possibilities are considered, a bridge, a culvert, or an environmentally conscious culvert. When considering fish migration, a bridge is most effective although for financial reasons rarely a feasible option. An environmentally conscious culvert is the only other option, which at a reasonable price will successfully allow fish migration and will have minimum disturbance to the stream.
Many different culvert options are available for stream crossings comprising of a no slope design, a hydraulic design, or a stream simulation design. When considering any one of these designs many concerns need to be addressed including; direct habitat loss, water quality, upstream and downstream channel impacts, ecological connectivity, construction impacts, and possible failure. Direct habitat loss can occur if the culvert is installed in current fish spawns, growth areas, feeding areas, or migration areas. Water quality is effected during construction of the culvert as dirt particles or other foreign material enters the stream. Upstream and downstream channels are affected if flow rates are changed by water depth or channel depth and can further effect stream qualitie...
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...gns are a few of the more acceptable options concerning this issue. Each option has many advantages and disadvantages although a bottomless steam simulation culvert can be considered to more effective for complete mitigation of all effects a roadway crossing has on a stream’s ecosystem. Baffles can be considered a fantastic option if conditions to not allow the development and construction of a new culvert system. Although baffles will not fully solve the problem it will allow sufficient migration of even weak fish species. There are a vast number of negative effects even a single roadway crossing can have on a stream, and it is the responsibility of all engineers and society to moderate its effect with greener solutions.
Works Cited
http://www.dot.ga.gov/doingbusiness/PoliciesManuals/roads/Drainage/G4-MAN9.pdf
http://wdfw.wa.gov/publications/00049/wdfw00049.pdf
Hägglund, Å., & Sjöberg, G. (1999). Effedts of beaver dams on the fish fauna of the forest streams. Forestry Ecology and Management, 115, 259-266.
The topic the essay is mainly talking about is whether to initiate the San Joaquin River Project. I am with Bill McEwen on his article, “River Plan Too Fishy for my Taste Buds.” I chose this author because I do not think the government should spend more money on the river rights project. The author convinced me that he is more credible and can be trusted by all the experience he has. The article was published in Fresno Bee on March 26,2009 and is surrounded by farms so the people there know what will happen if big businesses were to start a project. McEwen demonstrates how this project will impact the city in a negative way by stating ethos, logos, and pathos.
The warm, slow-moving waters created by the dams are ideal living conditions for the pike minnow that were found to be eating the hatchlings. A bounty was created for catching the pike minnows, creating additional funds that must be spent in order to encourage the salmon to survive. Fish transportation was also implemented to move the salmon 130 miles upstream past the dams.
Forty-seven percent of people have lied about something they liked because they were afraid of getting made fun of. This is exactly what happened in the short story The Bass, the River, and Sheila Mant, which was written by W. D. Wetherell. The narrator lied and said he didn’t like fishing even though fishing was his favorite hobby. He lied to try impress his crush, Sheila Mant, who thought fishing was dumb. This is an example of peer pressure. Peer pressure is the influence from members of one’s peer group. When a person changes who they are to impress someone else, it can lead to regrets later in life.
Since the days of Lewis and Clark men have dreamed of harnessing the "Father of Waters" in the interests of commerce and development. The long struggle which ensued required incredible ingenuity and determination on the part of engineers as well as enormous capital investment. The Mississippi River Commission, established in 1897, was the first federal program designed specifically to meet these requirements, and early systems, instituted by the Army Corps of Engineers, saw much success. Technological advancements in the fields of transportation, flood control, and natural resource management were needed and, eventually, emerged to provide the level of control possible today. This report will discuss the technological transformation of the upper Mississippi river and the motivation behind it from the middle 1800's.
Most of the rivers are the one being used by large communities like drinking water supply and for the farmers in their produce. The State of Department put together a commission of knowledgeable people and carried out an investigation about the risk and consequences of this project. Some of the conclusion about the spills were, for example, that: “A million of gallons of tar soil war poured into the Kalamazoo River in Michigan… 40 miles of this river still are contaminated to this day”. Another example of spills affecting communities, is the one in 2013, caused by a twenty foot crack in a pipeline, causing a huge spill of oil, damaging the residential neighborhoods and the Lake Conway in Arkansas. This spills and oil “accidents” are affecting not only the lives of people but also the wildlife, the ecosystems and the quality of air and water
“Summary Report for: Fish and Game Wardens”. O Net Online. 2014.Web. 4 April 2014. >.
North America, especially the United States hosts some of the most beautiful rivers and lakes on the entire planet. That is in thanks to its geographical location, and the extent of the level of technology that is available to the world because of American engineers and scientists. Scientists are given the opportunity to create chemicals or other inventions that are beneficial to the waterways. As well as building structures strong enough to harness the sheer power of water; altering the course it will take downstream as well as blocking it from ever reaching a specific location. The Asian carp invasion is causing massive amounts of damage; one would believe that because of the advancing field of technology a solution would be a relatively
Generation after generation gathered food off the land, people are continuing to practice this in our modern world today. Societies expressly continue to gather their own food as it provides an inexpensive, delightful tasting meal. One of the techniques of our historical past that is still in use today, that has been used for generation after generation is “netting” fish. Netting is a classic technique that has not faced as many revisions to its practice. It persists from one generation to the next due to the fact, that many do not understand it to be harmful to the environment; others may enjoy the idea of letting commercial fisheries catch large numbers of fish as it continues to keep some of Americans favorite meals low cost. Devastating fall out from neglectful thinking about netting will occur in the future if preservative action toward this way of life is not taken. Minimizing the use of nets in waterways will ensure salmon and other fish survive for many more generations to come, allowing this plentiful food source given to us by Mother Nature to be exploited and enjoyed by our future kin. With food sources now readily available, fishing with nets should be reevaluated as follows; who is allowed to fish with nets, what are their purposes, and how will this effect tributary fishing populations.
Jong, MC van Zyll de, I. G. Cowx, and David A. Scruton. "An evaluation of instream habitat restoration techniques on salmonid populations in a Newfoundland stream." Regulated Rivers-Research and Management 13.6 (1997): 603-614.
The use of a boat while fishing and some of the physics applicable to boating will be included in exploring the various ways physics applies to the sport of fishing. Other topics will include the fishing rod, fishing lure, casting, and the fish itself.
Fishing contains a wide variety of physics. when you cast you are using projectile motion and rotational motion. when you hook a fish it will often use the drag from the current agenst you. Immagine draging a fish through a swift current. You deal with the tention of your line, and the friction of the line through the guides. you also deal with friction when you use a drag.
WEATHERFORD, G.D. BROWN, F.L,. (1986) New Courses For The Colorado River, Albuquerque, N.M., pp. 25 3.
Since salmon do not feed once they leave the ocean, some will die on the way because they lack enough stored body fat to make the trip. Many will be caught in fishermen's nets. Those that evade the nets may have to swim through polluted waters near cities. Many must make their way over power dams, leaping up from one tiny pool to the next along cement stairstep cascades called fish ladders. In the tributary streams, waterfalls and rapids are steep and swift enough to eliminate all but the strongest. Otters, eagles, and bears stalk the salmon in shallow riffles. Once on the spawning grounds, the fish battle each other: females against females for places to nest, males against males for available females.
Although it is possible to paddle out in your kayak and catch a fish using just about any fishing line, some will yield much better results than others. Depending on what you are trying to catch, using the right fishing line for the job can turn the experience from a frustrating struggle to something a little more enjoyable. However, there are a couple of different types of fishing lines to choose from and all of them have their own pros and cons. Anglers often put a lot of time and research into purchasing the best fishing kayak and equipment, but neglect to do the same for their fishing lines. This often results in the fishing line being the weakest link in their setup, which can cause a lot of missed opportunities. Shopping for new fishing line isn’t as glamorous or exciting as