The Guiding question of this investigation is “ How Fast Does the Crystal Violet Decolorize?” The goal of the study was to find out which rate law matched the decolorization of crystal violet. The rate laws that are used during the experiment are zero order, first order, and second order. The zero order reaction, is graphed in a linear line with a negative slope. Reflecting concentration over time. The first order action, is the linear line with a negative slope reflects Ln of concentration over time. The second order reaction, is the linear line with a positive slope reflects one divided by concentration over time. During the experiment, rate constant is used as k and is dependent of the reactants used in the experiment. The basic equation …show more content…
Beers Law is the absorbance over concentration(mol/L). The Linear regression for this experiment was Abs = 3.990 X 104 Concentration(M) + .05956 and the reason why the experiment required this linear regression was to determined the rate law. by founding the specific wavelength of the substance being used, in this experiment it will be crystal violet decolorized over a series of Dilutions. Meaning the experimenters first had to have a stock solution and take 10ml of that stock solution to a beaker with 10ml H2O over a series of 5 dilutions. The Colorimeter was used to measure absorbance vs. concentration of crystal violet at specific times, pseudo k, and actual k. These are gathered through logger pro, so the graphs can be formed. In determining the actual k was the use of the “flooding technique” of OH- were the Crystal violet is relative to OH- making the actually k and if the concentration of hydroxide is constant then it becomes a pseudo-order. In the experiment we could have some errors such as not properly cleaning the cuvlette with the kimwhipes and the way to reduce this error is by during after every reaction we
Using the calorimeter, we firstly needed to calibrate the machine; to do this we took a tube of distilled water and tested it; we knew that this should measure 0 because distilled water is completely transparent. We could have done this with any known reference sample. Once we had calibrated the machine we could then test the real samples for their transparency, we tested all five of these samples a total of three times each. Between each different concentration of solution sample we had to re calibrate the machine using the distilled water again, so in total we did 20 colourimetry tests. We gained three results for each concentration of sample and then calculated an average from these three results; these are shown in the table below.
The purpose of the experiment is to study the rate of reaction through varying of concentrations of a catalyst or temperatures with a constant pH, and through the data obtained the rate law, constants, and activation energies can be experimentally determined. The rate law determines how the speed of a reaction occurs thus allowing the study of the overall mechanism formation in reactions. In the general form of the rate law it is A + B C or r=k[A]x[B]y. The rate of reaction can be affected by the concentration such as A and B in the previous equation, order of reactions, and the rate constant with each species in an overall chemical reaction. As a result, the rate law must be determined experimentally. In general, in a multi-step reac...
Production rate of thiocynate ion measured by the degree of change in color using a colorimeter after 600 seconds since the reactants are mixed.
Rate of reaction is the speed of reaction. In essays written by young scientists, they have used concentration as variable in their experiments; some have used a light sensor. connected to a data logger, to measure the amount of light passing. through the "cloudy" liquid. 1 moles = 6.02 1023 The particles in the hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate need to
Objective: The objective of the experiment is to determine what factors cause a change in speed of a reaction. It is also to decide if the change is correlated with the balanced equation of the reaction and, therefore, predictable. To obtain a reaction, permanganate, MnO_4^(1-), must be reduced by oxalic acid, C_2 O_4 H_2. The balanced equation for the reaction is:
We were not given any instructions either to shake or not to shake the test tubes with the coloured solutions before inserting them in the spectrophotometer to read the absorbance. By shaking each test tube a certain number of times before putting it in the spectrophotometer could have improved the accuracy of the of absorbance of the solutions.
In this lab, it was determined how the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is affected by physical factors such as enzyme concentration, temperature, and substrate concentration affect. The question of what factors influence enzyme activity can be answered by the results of peroxidase activity and its relation to temperature and whether or not hydroxylamine causes a reaction change with enzyme activity. An enzyme is a protein produced by a living organism that serves as a biological catalyst. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction and does so by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. With that energy reactants are brought together so that products can be formed.
Points of chapter to back up: Waterford Crystal is an influential historical brand in the world of interior décor and has become this way over time because of these factors: Production & Design (production & Lismore), Advertising (Cara Magazine, Aer Lingus), Language & Display, and, even though they were dormant for some time, have managed to regain their reputation and popularity recently because of status-aware customers and their attentiveness to the company’s well portrayed and long lasting image as a luxury market brand. Introduction to Chapter: Waterford Crystal is a well-known brand, a glassware company that produces high quality, hand-blown crystal products for use by its customers as tableware, gifts and interior décor. Since its
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the affect of the use of a catalyst and temperature on the rate of reaction while keeping all the other factors that affect the reaction rate constant.
Alice Walker’s The Color Purple presents a fractured society in which African-American women are subjected to the discrimination from, predominantly but not exclusively, white and black men. Our protagonist, Celie, is reduced to domestic slavery from the tender age of fourteen, enforced by violence, psychological and sexual abuse. The opening line of the novel, the only one which breaks the epistolary form, ‘You better not never tell nobody but god’ induces a psychological strain on Celie, isolating her from her family resorting to addressing her narrative, pathos letters, to God. This line refers to the shockingly graphic incestuous rape by Celie’s ‘Pa’, a degrading torment that, twinned with the stress of secrecy, confines Celie to isolate herself even from her own body - it is not until the emergence of ‘Shug Avery’, that Celie discovers pleasure in her own skin.
There is also the potential of human error within this experiment for example finding the meniscus is important to get an accurate amount using the graduated pipettes and burettes. There is a possibility that at one point in the experiment a chemical was measured inaccurately affecting the results. To resolve this, the experiment should have been repeated three times.
Investigating the Effects of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction between Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid Introduction Chemical kinetics is the study and examination of chemical reactions regarding re-arrangement of atoms, reaction rates, effect of various variables, and more. Chemical reaction rates, are the rates of change in amounts or concentrations of either products or reactants. Concentration of solutions, surface area, catalysts, temperature and the nature of reactants are all factors that can influence the rate of reaction. Increasing the concentration of a solution allows the rate of reaction to increase because highly concentrated solutions have more molecules and as a result the molecules collide faster. Surface area also affects reaction rate because when the surface area of a reactant is increased, more particles are exposed to the other reactant.
One vital process in the human body observed in chemistry is the idea of chemical kinetics. Chemical kinetics is the study of the rate of reactions, or how fast reactions occur.1 Three factors that affect chemical kinetics are concentration, temperature, and catalysis. As the concentration of a substance increases, the rate of the reaction also increases.1 This relationship is valid because when more of a substance is added in a reaction, it increases the likelihood that the
There are five factors which affect the rate of a reaction, according to the collision theory of reacting particles: temperature, concentration (of solution), pressure (in gases), surface area (of solid reactants), and catalysts. I have chosen to investigate the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction. This is because it is the most practical way to investigate. Dealing with temperatures is a difficult task, especially when we have to keep constant high temperatures. Secondly, the rate equation and the constant k changes when the temperature of the reaction changes.
We first used this law in our experiment “Concentration of FDC #1 Blue in Sports Drinks”. I understand how to use the equations necessary to find the answer as proven by my work in this lab (Figure 7), but I do not understand what the variables in the equations mean or how they work. Given the fact that our final is a lab practical based off of our ability to use Beer’s Law in the lab, I believe that it is vital that the use of this law is discussed and taught in more depth and detail than what it has been so far. An idea that is responsible for the majority of our grade in the class is of enough importance to set aside time to better prepare the students for the use of such specific