Cryptorchidism Research Paper

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Cryptorchidism o failure of one or both of the testes to descend into the scrotum. As the unborn male child develops, thetestes first appear in the abdomen at about the level of the kidneys. They develop at this site, and inapproximately the seventh month of fetal life start to descend to the upper part of the groin. From therethey move into the inguinal canal and then, normally, into the scrotum. In its descent, a testis maysometimes be halted in the abdomen or within the canal, becoming an undescended testis. Animproperly developed testis may never leave the abdomen, and it may not produce the hormones thatinduce secondary sex characters. A testis lodged in the canal may well produce these secondary sexcharacters, but cannot produce spermatozoa. Cases in which both testes fail to descend areuncommon; usually only one is involved and the other produces sufficient numbers of spermatozoa.  …show more content…

Often the undescended testis can be brought down into the scrotum by medicaltreatment with the gonadotropic hormone, and for physical and psychologic reasons this method ispreferred. Frequently, however, surgery (called orchiopexy) is required. This operation is notparticularly serious and is usually successful. It is best performed before the patient is 5 to 7 yearsold, since operating at a later age may involve more risk to the cells that produce spermatozoa. 9. P.I.D ( pelvic inflammatory disease) o Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive organs. It usually occurs when sexually transmitted bacteria spread from your vagina to your uterus, fallopian tubes or ovaries. o Many women who develop pelvic inflammatory disease either experience no signs or symptoms or don't seek treatment. Pelvic inflammatory disease may be detected only later when you have trouble getting pregnant or if you develop chronic pelvic pain. • Pain in your lower abdomen and

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