The use of e-commerce in business motivates the issue of data and information security with computer networks. Common goals of protecting confidentiality, integrity, avail abilities of information are areas in the field of data loss and prevention. Data loss avoidance is divided into two areas: 1. Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET) 2. Cryptography. The PET architecture contains anonymity, identity management, privacy policy, tabular data, and social network analysis. Cryptography is method of keeping data secure when transfer over networks by using ciphers that prevent unauthorized people from using it. The most prospective modern day cipher is the open key system. An algorithm named the RSA is the basis for most all the Internet security transactions and is a mathematical foundation for all open key systems. Data loss is minimized by adopting PET methods and cryptography in computer systems.
Privacy Enhancing Technologies have been refined over the past 10 years. The following paragraphs discuss and review these technologies.
Communications anonymity and anonymizers systems seek to remove the identity of the person sending the information through the Internet. These consist of systems that protect the IP address and other network address from the communication partners. The most popular software is Freenet. Communications by Freenet nodes are encrypted and are routed through other nodes to make it extremely difficult to determine who is requesting the information and what its content is. Freenet's main attraction is parents who have children and don't want their identity exposed to other people on the Internet. Other uses make it difficult for governments track them on the Internet. This is useful for people who have oppress...
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...his is more clearly stated as: solve for d given d·e = 1 (mod f(n))
This is often computed using the extended Euclidean algorithm. Using the pseudocode in the Modular integers section, inputs a and n correspond to e and f(n), respectively. d is kept as the private key exponent.
The public key consists of the modulus n and the public (or encryption) exponent e. The private key consists of the modulus n and the private (or decryption) exponent d, which must be kept secret. p, q, and f(n) must also be kept secret because they can be used to calculate d. "
The RSA algorithm is used in almost all secure transmissions over the Internet. The basic idea is that the prime numbers are so big and the time to decode so large that the message remains secure. The mathematic is so complicated to discuss easily here, so a discussion of how to use the RSA in practice is discussed.
Created by Philip Zimmermann in 1991, this program has been widely used throughout the global computer community to protect the confidentiality and integrity of the users’ data, giving them the privacy of delivering messages and files only to their intended individual or authorized person (Singh, 2012). Not only being useful for individuals as a privacy-ensuring program, it has also been used in many corporations to protect their company’s data from falling into the wrong hands (Rouse, 2005).
The RSA encryption is related to the cipher of Julius Caesar (1300s) that shifts three letters to encode messages. The cipher of Julius Caesar was used in war to send messages securely. Here is how Caesar encodes his message using the cipher. First Caesar assigned A through Z to 0 through 25. For instance A is zero. Second, add three to each numbers.
Privacy does not have a single definition and it is a concept that is not easily defined. Information privacy is an individual's claim to control the terms under which personal information is acquired, disclosed, and used [9]. In the context of privacy, personal information includes any information relating to or traceable to an individual person [ 1]. Privacy can be defined as a fundamental human right; thus, privacy protection which involves the establishment of rules governing the collection and handling of personal data can be seen as a boundary line as how far society can intrude into a person's affairs.
Different people, cultures, and nations have a wide variety of expectations about how much privacy is entitled to or what constitutes an invasion of privacy. Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves or information. Personal privacy has been declining in the past year which is caused by today’s technological society. With the latest technology such as face scanners, data collecting, and highly advanced software’s, privacy can be compromised, which is exactly what is being done today and it is unconstitutionally intrusive.
TOR (Roger Dingledine) is a circuit based low-latency anonymous communication service. TOR is now in its second generation and was developed from the Onion routing program. The routing system can run on several operating systems and protect the anonymity of the user. The latest TOR version supports perfect forward secrecy, congestion control, directory servers, integrity checking and configurable exit policies. Tor is essentially a distributed overlay network which works on the application layer of the TCP protocol. It essentially anonymizes all TCP-based applications like web-browsing, SSH, instant messaging. Using TOR can protect against common form of Internet surveillance known as “traffic analysis” (Electronic Frontier Foundation). Knowing the source and destination of your internet traffic allows others to track your behavior and interests. An IP packet has a header and a dat...
My knowledge has grown over the past six years, outwith the areas of learning offered by school courses, and I see this course as an opportunity to gain new skills and broaden my knowledge further. My main interests are varied, including communications and the internet, system analysis and design, software development, processors and low level machine studies. I have recently developed an interest in data encryption, hence my active participation in the RSA RC64 Secret-Key challenge, the latest international de-encryption contest from the RSA laboratories of America.
Richmond, Riva. "12 Ways Technology Threatens Your Privacy (and How to Protect Yourself)." Switched. N.p., 14 May 2009. Web. 11 Mar. 2014. .
One of the largest parts of commerce is transaction. Transactions are needed anytime two parties exchange money or information. Since the Information Age has begun, transactions are more common over the Internet, where it is more imperative that transactions are secure (Klein x). Corporations have also become more widespread, which means that cryptography is needed to secu...
In the real world, most encounters in everyone's daily lives are anonymous ones. Chatting with a person beside you in a café or talking to an assistant while shopping for a pair of pants- these are interactions between two unknown persons; however, these contacts do not affect our lives the way some of the anonymous interactions in the cyberspace does so. Chat rooms, net forums, and even the spam mails most people get u...
...M and the US National Security Agency. It was previously the most dominant type of encryption, but it is now being taken over by AES (Advanced Encryption Standard). Since data encryption standard, only took on a 56-bit symmetric key encryption, AES uses three key sizes, 128, 192, and 256 bits. When personal computer users want to encrypt email or other documents, they go to Phillip Zimmerman?s "Pretty Good Privacy" software. This software allows you to digitally sign a message, which verifies to the recipient that you are the sender and that no interfering is involved.
Once again the numbers refer to letters in the alphabet. The only number that needs to remain secret is S because only it can decipher the code.
Powell, Robert. "Four Ways Technology Invades Your Privacy." Lovemoney.com. N.p., 5 Oct. 2011. Web. 15 Apr. 2014.
Privacy in Cyberspace Computers and the Internet have changed many things in the world today. People surf the web on a daily basis for information and entertainment. The Internet is making things like paying your bills from home a possibility. This was something that you had to leave the house to do, even if it was just dropping a check in the mail. Now you can pay your bills and buy your groceries, with everything being just a point and a click away.
Staff, Proquest. At Issue: Technology and Privacy. N.p.: ProQuest LLC, 2013. Web. 5 Dec. 2013. .
Moreover, E-commerce has widely recognized nowadays among people. Therefore such data should be secure in databases and privacy of data should be maintained.