Cryptography
Cryptography is the science of preparing communication intended to be intelligible only to the person possessing the key or method of developing the hidden meaning by cryptoanalysis using apparently incoherent text (Encarta Encyclopedia). The movie mercury rising is a good example of cryptography. It’s about a little boy who is autistic. The little boy can do puzzles such as cryptography easily. One day while on the computer the boy cracks a highly secretive government code. The governmental agency wants the young boy found and killed for cracking the code it took years to write.
Cryptography started a long, long time ago with Julius Caesar. When he wanted only his people to know something he used cryptography. He did this by replacing A’s with D’s, B’s with E’s, and so on down the alphabet. This was known as "shift by 3", for obvious reasons. The Jewish writers also used a code of their own called Atbash. They did it by reversing the alphabet, they used the last letter of the alphabet in place of the first, the next to last for the second, and so on. Atbash is exemplified in the Bible,
Jeremiah 25:25, where "Sheshech" is written for Babel (Babylon). As you can see, cryptography has been used for many years and is continuing to become more high tech.
The term cryptography is sometimes restricted to the use of ciphers, that is, to methods of transposing the letters of plain text (unencrypted) messages, or to methods involving the substitution of other letters or symbols for the original letters of a message. And to various combinations of such methods, all according to prearranged systems. Ciphers of various types have been and can be devised. All of them fall into to one of two categories, transposition and substitution. In transportation ciphers, the message is usually written, without word divisions. They are rows of letters arranged in a rectangular block. The letters are then transposed in a prearranged order such as by vertical columns, diagonals, or spirals.
There are two types of ciphers, simple and complex. In a simple substitution cipher is particular letter or symbol is substituted for each. In a multiple substitution (polyalphabetic) ciphers, a keyword of number is employed. And in more complicated polyalphabetic systems, the letters of the keyword may tell which of a series of mixed substitution alphabets is to be used to encipher each letter of the message.
Codes, on their surface, reveal little. While they may take the form of numbers, letters, bytes, or symbols, the primary goal of most codes is either to conceal or condense information. In the context of codebreaking, the codes that pique the most interest are, of course, the ones that hide a message from unauthorized eavesdroppers. The role of the codebreaker is not always the honest one, for it is his/her job to undo the careful manipulations of the sender to uncover, without the key for the lock, what the message contains. To do this, he/she must rely on intuition, on reasoning, and sometimes on “luck,” to get his/her way.
Even though Southwest offers no-frills, there is still a high degree of customer satisfaction that continuously builds customer loyalty for the company. As mentioned, Southwest offers low prices on their airplane tickets. Also, Southwest is renowned in the airline industry for its short turnaround time on arrivals and departures. And since people's biggest concern nowadays is money and time, having low price airline tickets to cater their traveling needs in a shorter period of time will surely satisfy them. Moreover, aside from the low prices offered, what attracts to customers is Southwest’s way in dealing with them. The employees of the airline treat their customers well and really listen to their needs.
civilization. They started the Olympic games. Greeks come up with the idea of an alphabet
The marketing approach of Southwest Airlines is built upon their strong business model. They have successfully managed to target two specific market segments of the airline industry while remaining profitable. Their strategy is simple, to offer frequent non-stop flights with the lowest costs which appeal to both the business and budget travelers. By segmenting their target audience to specific demographics and ticket pricing, passengers know exactly what they are getting for the price they pay.
82).” According to Walter Ong, the act of communication through writing heightens ones consciousness and begins to change the way in which the writer thinks. This in turn facilitates the development of increasingly sophisticated technological advancements. Early pictographs were typically monotone and very simplistic in nature. However, as the technology evolved, humankind developed multi-hued writing media that improved the visual accuracy of the images created and subsequently improved the complexity of the message delivered. Essentially more visual detail equals a more complex symbology and abstraction. Some major milestones in the evolution of communication technology include the simplification of earlier literal depictions in the late Paleolithic era, the development of the first “alphabets” as quasi-abstract symbols representing the basic sounds of spoken language. These early alphabets were extremely complex and cumbersome until the Phoenicians developed a “totally abstract and alphabetical system of twenty-two simple phonetic signs, replacing the formidable complexity of cuneiform and hieroglyphs (Higgins, 2003).” The inhabitants of Greece and Rome adopted this system of writing which was in effect by 1500 B.C. and later developed what we know as the
Nicas, Jack, and Susan Carey. "Southwest Airlines, Once a Brassy Upstart, Is Showing Its Age." The Wall Street Journal [New York] 1 Apr. 2014: n. pag. Web. 12 Apr. 2014.
The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc. "Aretha Franklin Biography." 2014. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Museum. 21 April 2014 .
Southwest Airlines is one of the nations most successful airline travel companies. The company has implemented many measures to gain a positive public opinion. First of all at the foundation of Southwest Airlines is a fantastic mission statement its mission is “the dedication to provide the highest quality of customer service with a sense of warmth, friendliness, and upbeat business spirit.” By continuing with this mission, Southwest Airlines has achieved a stunning thirty-one years consecutive profitable years and many prestigious awards for the fewest complaints by many administrative organizations including the United States Department of Transportation. Another reason for Southwest Airlines success comes from the company’s leader, the
Around the year 500 BC a new form of writing, the Demotic in which the formal way of writing hieroglyphics were written alongside the Greek text on the Rosetta Stone, came into light. It was phonetic, semi-alphabetical and a language that can be spoken in, which later developed into a language of religion, culture and literature.
Codes have been around for centuries ranging from wax, invisible ink, Morse code, the Enigma used by the Germans during World War II and now steganographic. Steganography is the latest form to insidiously hide information over the Internet without a trace of a file being altered. You are able to hide messages within images, voice or music. Steganography is an ancient method of hiding messages. Today messages are hidden in images and music. Steganography can be traced back to the ancient Greek who would write messages on tablets and cover them in wax. This made the tablets look blank and unsuspicious (Kolata, F4). Citizens of ancient civilizations would tattoo messages on their shaved heads. They would then let their hair grown in and travel across enemy lines to deliver the message (Seper, G1). During World War II the Allies placed a ban on flower deliveries with dates, crossword puzzles and even report cards (Kolata, F4) for fear of a message being hidden with in. Steganographers first alter their data by using encryption and then place the image into a pre-select image. Steganographers look for a piece of code that would be the least significant and look the least altered to the human eye (Kolata, F4), being as inconspicuousness and random as possible. This makes the messages undetectable unless you knew that there is a message hidden and you were able to crack the code.
Gittell, J. (2006). The Southwest Airlines way: using the power of relationships to achieve high performance. The McGraw Hills Companies. Retrieved September 23, 2008 from http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=BapojOGVz5cC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=The+Southwest+Airlines+Way:+Using+the+Power+of+Relationships+to+Achieve+High+Performance.&ots=WtJpzRQvlI&sig=JPMBuXwzyEEfYfvv18NwdLxz0TY#PPR3,M1
One thing that sparked my curiosity, was how all of the ancient civilizations used hieroglyphics or symbols to communicate in writing. Today, many countries and cultures do not. They use the letters for their words and phrases. In fact, hieroglyphics is not really used in any place. The closest thing is probably Hebrew and Arabic which were derived from the ancient civilizations.
Lin, L. , Cherng, R. , Chen, Y. , Chen, Y. , & Yang, H. (2015). Effects of television exposure on developmental skills among young children. Infant Behavior and Development, 38, 20-26.
The first thing that we must consider about Information Security is that there is not a final destination at which we can arrive. IT Security is an ongoing set of processes and activities that requires attention and expertise on a daily basis. It is important to understand that systems are not secured by themselves and it is our responsibility to maintain and improve them periodically as required. It is of vital importance to establish the appropriate mechanisms and requirements in order to support the company’s CIA triad. The following report will provide you guidance about auditing and hardening techniques applied though the 7 Domains by utilizing IT Security Best Practices.
People in the present society have turned from the use of the old means of communication to the more advanced and technological ways of communicating. Technology has made it easier for people to communicate in a faster, efficient, and cost saving means through the introduction of the communication channels. The world has turned out to be the centre for technology with different technologies emerging daily as the people continue to develop from time to time to cope with the growing technology. The benefits of adopting the communication technology are explained in this article which shows why people do not function without technology.