Results and Discussion
Proteomic Analysis of Protein Profiles
a. Proteomic profile
Expression profiles of liver proteins in mice fed high or low n-3 PUFA diet were compared with proteomic analyses using 2D-PAGE technology. The overall number of proteins separated by 2D-PAGE were 275 proteins. Of the 275 proteins detected in mice liver, 59 spots were differentially expressed (2-9-fold) in mice fed high or low n-3 PUFA diet. Particularly, female mice were divided into different groups based on their metabolic function (lipid metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, citric acid cycle, and protein synthesis) regardless of the diet type.
b. N-3 PUFA Alters Regucalcin and ApoA-I Expression to Regulate Lipid Metabolism
Low expression of regucalcin was observed in mice fed with high n-3 PUFA diet compared to mice fed with low n-3 PUFA diet. Regucalcin maintains intracellular calcium ion homeostasis, control calcium signaling in proliferating cells, and regulate nuclear function. It is also important in maintaining cell homeostasis and deficiency suppressing protein of intracellular signaling systems. Ahmed et al. has stated that different in vitro studies of hepatoma H4-II-E cells in cloned rat showed overexpression of regucalcin that improve glucose uptake and lipid production. In Ahmed et al. study they showed that there is an association between regucalcin expression and plasma TG concentration. Regucalcin reduction was linked with significant decrease in plasma TG concentration in mice fed high n-3 PUFA diet compared to mice fed low n-3 PUFA diet. High n-3 diet had no significant effect on hepatic TG concentration but it slightly decreased comparing it to mice fed low n-3 PUFA diet. Thus, they concluded that reguca...
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... precursor methylglyoxal (MG). Glyoxalase 1 detoxify precursors of AGEs (Rabbani 2014). In Ahmed et al. research, they observed an increase in PDI-3 expression in mice fed with high n-3 PUFA compared to mice fed with low n-3 PUFA. According to their results, they stated that diets enriched with n-3 PUFA, will result in an increase in protein synthesis level via inducing disulfide isomerase-A3 expression. Moreover, they indicated that mice fed with high n-3 PUFA diet had lower expression of ALDH compared to mice fed with low n-3 PUFA diet. Finally, by examining glyoxalase 1 effect in mice fed high n-3 PUFA diet, they observed an increase in glyoxalase 1 expression in this mice group compared to the mice fed low n-3 PUFA diet. Based on these results, they concluded that a relationship exist between glyoxalase 1 expression and AGE production in diet with high n-3 PUFA.
Hegab Z, Gibbons S, Mamas M, et al. Role of advanced glycation end products in cardiovascular disease. World J Cardiol. 2012 Apr; 4 (4): 20-102.
Americans have embraced debate since before we were a country. The idea that we would provide reasoned support for any position that we took is what made us different from the English king. Our love of debate came from the old country, and embedded itself in our culture as a defining value. Thus, it should not come as a surprise that the affinity for debate is still strong, and finds itself as a regular feature of the mainstream media. However, if Deborah Tannen of the New York Times is correct, our understanding of what it means to argue may be very different from what it once was; a “culture of critique” has developed within our media, and it relies on the exclusive opposition of two conflicting positions (Tannen). In her 1994 editorial, titled “The Triumph of the Yell”, Tannen claims that journalists, politicians and academics treat public discourse as an argument. Furthermore, she attempts to persuade her readers that this posturing of argument as a conflict leads to a battle, not a debate, and that we would be able to communicate the truth if this culture were not interfering. This paper will discuss the rhetorical strategies that Tannen utilizes, outline the support given in her editorial, and why her argument is less convincing than it should be.
Ratios for oxidative enzyme activity-lipid content in Figure 3B determined that the values were lower in obesity and type 2 diabetes regardless of fiber type. These values were also similar across three fiber types in normal subjects.
Sethi, J. K., Vidal-Puig, A. J., (2007). Targeting fat to prevent diabetes. Cell Metab. . 5 (5), 357-70.
In Chapter One of Emerging Systems for Managing Workplace Cnflict: Lessons from American Corporations for Managers and Dispute Resolution Professionals, authors, David Lipsky, Ronald Seeber, and Richard Fincher (2003) lay the foundation for the rest of the book. They provide historical background on why corporations have shifted from dispute resolution to conflict management and stress the fact the “substantial dissatisfaction” that must drive companies to change how they handle dispute resolution (Lipsky, Seeber, & Fincher, 2003, Chapter 1, Inclination to Change). In addition, the authors articulated the differences between dispute management and conflict management (Chapter 1, Litigation, Dispute, and Conflict Management), detailed the five characteristics of an integrated conflict management system, listed the eight essential elements of a fair conflict management system, and pointed out other characteristics that effective conflict management systems share (Chapter 1, The Concept of a Conflict Management System).
The crime drama, “Beyond a Reasonable Doubt”, was produced in 2009 by Faisal Al-Saud, Mark Brooke, and Stephanie Caleb and directed by Peter Hyams. The two lead male actors were C.J. Nicholas as Jesse Metcalfe and Michael Douglas as District Attorney Mark Hunter. The lead female actor was Amber Tamblyn as Assistant District Attorney Ella Crystal.
Ooka, H., Segall, P. & Timiras, P. (1988). Histology and survival in age-delayed low-tryptophan-fed rats. Mech Ageing Dev, 43 (1): 79-98. doi:10.1016/0047-6374(88)90099-1.
Diabetes is chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose and insulin resistance resulting in hyperglycaemia and affects approximately 347 million people worldwide (WHO, 2013). Prevention and treatment often include being physically active, maintaining a healthy body weight, eating a healthy diet and avoiding saturated fat and tobacco use (WHO, 2013). However, studies have recently shown that carbohydrate consumption may be a risk factor for the development of the disease. The quality of carbohydrates has been of particular interest in many studies because of the rate of digestion and blood glucose response (Manuel-y-Keenoy et al, 2012). Carbohydrates that cause a rapid elevation in blood glucose (high GI) may have unfavorable metabolic effects compared to carbohydrates that cause a slow elevation in blood glucose (low GI) (Similia et al, 2011). The increased consumption of refined foods worldwide has been seen to have an affect on diabetes risk. In western population, the increased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverage has seen an associated increase in the rate of diabetes (Malik & Hu, 2012). In many Asian populations, a high consumption of refined grains, particularly white rice and noodles, has been reported to be associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (Zuniga et al, 2014). However, foods high in fiber are thought to decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes (Weickert & Pfeiffer, 2008). There is ongoing research into gene-environment interactions and the way carbohydrate restriction has a varied effect on diabetes risk based on genetic variability . Although type 2 diabetes risk may be increased by consuming high GI, high GL and refined carbohydrates, consuming the right kind of carbohydrates su...
The research into the effect Vitamin A has on Alzheimer’s disease needs to be furthered. One avenue to further it would be examining retinoic acids in vivo. This would allow the retinoid mechanisms of action and their receptors in Alzheimer’s disease to be better understood. Another method to further research would be to study the affect retinoic acid has on amyloid β in Alzheimer’s disease using different techniques, such as histopathological observation.
I believe that my writing has grown a lot with in this first semester of college. I was the type of person in college that would write a paper, and not review it, and still turn it in. I would usually receive good grades, but that was on the high school level. Those types of under-developed papers do not receive good grades in college. On a paper that I may have turned in to one of my high school teachers would have got me a B, yet if I turn around and use that same paper now, I would receive no more than a D. That is what I believe should happen at this level in the game. You as an individual must recognize your own mistakes, and correct them on your own. In high school many of my teacher’s would grade a paper, return it with marks on which we should impro...
Intermittent fasting helps you eat fewer calories while boosting metabolism and improving your overall health. In modern times people over consume food; which can potentially direct to Alzheimer’s disease, Diabetes, and Heart attack; which are leading causes of death in the United States. In the article of impact of intermittent fasting on health and disease processes; rats and mice are the main test subjects used to experiment the benefits of intermittent and periodic fasting. This paper will focus on the benefits found from performing intermittent fasting; specifically, on neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s diseases, stroke and cancer.
I believe it is important for any student who wants to do their best in a class to take a moment to evaluate their own work to determine the rate their writing is progressing and how they can continue to advance their writing. When I looked through my own work I asked myself “what have I learned this semester?” and “what do I still need to learn in order to improve my writing?”. Answering both these questions will help me with my last step of my self-evaluation, developing a plan to learn new skills.
The book I'm a Stranger Here Myself, written by Bill Bryson, is based on a collection of written articles. Bryson writes about everyday events and shows their negative qualities through whining or creative criticism. He attracts the readers' attention by writing ideas that relate to a normal persons life. His methods are very powerful because it attracts his main audience of common people through his simple vocabulary use and everyday middleclass situations. Also between his "complaining" he throws in little jokes that make his stories entertaining. This makes the reader continue reading because it constantly grabs their attention. Another reason of why Bryson's style of writing is very effective is because all of his stories have a main theme that gives a strong and important message to the reader. Some of these messages may be a little controversial to some readers but are very thought out and well explained.
Fat Content Of The Diet Upon The Riboflavin Requirement Of The Cat.” Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, and the Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, Harvard Medical School, Boston. 8 Nov. 1958. Web. 2 Apr. 2014.
The movie that I have chosen to review is called the League of their own, which was based on a true story took place in during World War 2. The main focus of this film is fore the view to see that although baseball was a sport that was designed for man, women would be able to be just as good at it, if not better than man. Although it was the women who were going to be playing a man's sport, they would still have to act and be a lady and fallow certain rules.