Critique

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Proteomic Analysis of Protein Profiles
a. Proteomic profile
Expression profiles of liver proteins in mice fed high or low n-3 PUFA diet were compared with proteomic analyses using 2D-PAGE technology. The overall number of proteins separated by 2D-PAGE were 275 proteins. Of the 275 proteins detected in mice liver, 59 spots were differentially expressed (2-9-fold) in mice fed high or low n-3 PUFA diet. Particularly, female mice were divided into different groups based on their metabolic function (lipid metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, citric acid cycle, and protein synthesis) regardless of the diet type.
b. N-3 PUFA Alters Regucalcin and ApoA-I Expression to Regulate Lipid Metabolism
Low expression of regucalcin was observed in mice fed with high n-3 PUFA diet compared to mice fed with low n-3 PUFA diet. Regucalcin maintains intracellular calcium ion homeostasis, control calcium signaling in proliferating cells, and regulate nuclear function. It is also important in maintaining cell homeostasis and deficiency suppressing protein of intracellular signaling systems. Ahmed et al. has stated that different in vitro studies of hepatoma H4-II-E cells in cloned rat showed overexpression of regucalcin that improve glucose uptake and lipid production. In Ahmed et al. study they showed that there is an association between regucalcin expression and plasma TG concentration. Regucalcin reduction was linked with significant decrease in plasma TG concentration in mice fed high n-3 PUFA diet compared to mice fed low n-3 PUFA diet. High n-3 diet had no significant effect on hepatic TG concentration but it slightly decreased comparing it to mice fed low n-3 PUFA diet. Thus, they concluded that reguca...

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... precursor methylglyoxal (MG). Glyoxalase 1 detoxify precursors of AGEs (Rabbani 2014). In Ahmed et al. research, they observed an increase in PDI-3 expression in mice fed with high n-3 PUFA compared to mice fed with low n-3 PUFA. According to their results, they stated that diets enriched with n-3 PUFA, will result in an increase in protein synthesis level via inducing disulfide isomerase-A3 expression. Moreover, they indicated that mice fed with high n-3 PUFA diet had lower expression of ALDH compared to mice fed with low n-3 PUFA diet. Finally, by examining glyoxalase 1 effect in mice fed high n-3 PUFA diet, they observed an increase in glyoxalase 1 expression in this mice group compared to the mice fed low n-3 PUFA diet. Based on these results, they concluded that a relationship exist between glyoxalase 1 expression and AGE production in diet with high n-3 PUFA.

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