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how political, social and economic changed meiji restoration in japan
how political, social and economic changed meiji restoration in japan
modernisation of economy under meiji rule
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Martin Arhin
The Beefeater
Historical: Historical and cultural context surrounding the text. New Historicist: Literature and history as equals: history is a text subject to interpretation.
Kanagaki Robun’s “Beef Eater” serves to criticize the western ideals during the Meiji Restoration by portraying a satirical comic view of the new epidemic of beef eating that is infesting Japan. The short story responds to the growing relationship between Japan and the western world and the conflicts between modernization and traditional values. (how to say that I am looking at the historical implications of the story?)
For many years, Japan kept themselves distant from the western world and by the 1600s, foreigners had been excelled and Christianity was
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During this time, the Tokugawa Shogunate, a period between 1853 and 1867, ruled the country while the emperor was a political figurehead. The shogun was placed at fault for the mistreatment and disgrace brought on by the West.
The Meiji Restoration was a political revolution during the Meiji Period (1868-1912) that resulted in the collapse of the Tokugawa Shogunate and restored the control of Japan to the rule of Emperor Meiji, which means enlightened rule (cite). The end of the Tokugawa Shogunate terminated Japan’s isolationist foreign policy known as sakoku (cite) and resulted in a new era of reformist political, economic, ideological and technological development along with westernization
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Having a pocket watch, holding an umbrella and wearing western designed underwear were symbols of modernization. The traditional Japanese umbrella, kasa, was designed out of Japanese paper but was hurriedly substituted for the new Western style umbrellas, komorigasa, which was made out of cloth (cite). The ‘foreign style’ refers to the new hairdressing trends that had swept Japan. The government had encouraged men to adopt the European style by unbounding their hair. People had to do away with the traditional topknots, cut their hair shorter and wear it in the newer, more civilized foreign style. The foreign style was wearing hair short. Shortly, topknots were such associated with barbarians. Originally, many men resisted, especially samurai, but the emperor adopted the European hair style and the police were instructed to cut the hair of any men who had long hair. This lead to a rapid implementation of Western Styles (cite). The Eau de Cologne Robun mentions in his short story means ‘water of cologne’ and originally originated from Cologne, Germany. It is mentioned only to emphasize the fad at the time. It appears that Robun is trying to say that beef-eaters are fake Japanese who are neglecting their traditions. They are very portentous people who are trying to brag about how wealthy and civilized they are by converting to the western ways of living. The fact that
[Topic sentence for first body paragraph]. The first event that led to an increase vegetarianism in America was Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle in 1906. Upton Sinclair‘s The Jungle, was about Chicago's filthy, unsanitary meat-packing facilities. The novel resulted in a few percent of Americans no longer wanting to eat meat for fear of unsanitariness, and thus resulted in the first noticeably increase in vegetarians in America, even though the government passed the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. The second major event that led to a slight increase in vegetarians was in 1958. It was reported that animals were cut piece by piece while still conscious in slaughter houses. This caused an outcry from by a large number of animal lovers, and they campaigned to put an end
Japanese revolts ensue with the opening of Japan to the Western World. The middle and lower classes wanted Japan to be open while the conservative daimyo did not. Both of these groups looked to the emperor for a decision. The shogunate, reliant on the isolation, collapsed under pressures caused by outsid...
...their own career path and destiny for their life.(197) This was a (new concept)** during that time period because the lower class was not always granted the same opportunities as the upper class. (197) The Meiji restoration also introduced the idea of a democratic form of government, rather than a dictatorship.(197) They actually began to give citizens a voice in government, which was an entirely new concept to the Japanese.(197) Not only were the Japanese beginning to gain more rights, but they were also beginning to accept ideas that were once looked down upon(would have never been considered), such as sports(201). The rise of baseball became really popular during the Meiji Restoration as well.(201) Overall the Meiji Restoration was a major advancement in the Japan society and it symbolized the renewal of the Japanese people and a new Japanese government.
The goals of the Meiji Restoration included dismantling of the old feudal regime and the creation of a nation-state capable of standing equal among Western powers, including the United Kingdom, France, Russia, and the Unites States. The leaders of the Meiji Restoration were mostly young samurai motivated by increasing domestic problems and threats of foreign intrusion. Saigō Takamori was also an influential leader in the Meiji Restoration. He was responsible for leading several rebellions against the government in companionship with samurai warriors and peasants who distrusted the new regime. The citizens of Japan were also, arguably, influential leaders of the Meiji restoration. Under their pressure to insist on the creation of a constitutional government, the government formed a Cabinet system in 1885 and in 1886 began developing the Constitution, which would be presented as a gift from the emperor to the people in 1889 and established a bicameral parliament. Revolutionary tactics from the Meiji Restoration included the development of transportation and communication. Railroads were built, telegraphs connecting major cities, and the institution of a European-style banking system developed. We can clearly recognize differences between the revolutionary tactics of the Meiji Restoration to those in the Mexican Revolution and those in the
The establishment of the Japanese archipelago assumed its present shape around 10,000 years ago. Soon after the era known as the Jomon period began and continued for about 8,000 years. Gradually they formed small communities and began to organize their lives communally. Japan can be said to have taken its first steps to nationhood in the Yamato period, which began at the end of the third century AD. During this period, the ancestors of the present Emperor began to bring a number of small estates under unified rule from their bases around what are now Nara and Osaka Prefectures. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, Tokugawa Ieyasu set up a government in Edo (now Tokyo) and the Edo period began. The Tokugawa regime adopted an isolationist policy that lasted for more than 200 years, cutting off exchange with all countries except China and the Netherlands. The age of the Samurai came to and end with the Meiji Restoration of 1868, and a new system of government centered on the Emperor was set up. The new government promoted modernization, adopted Western political, social and economic systems, and stimulated industrial activity. The Diet was inaugurated, and the people began to enjoy limited participation in politics.
The term Shogun means general. Later, it refered to the leader of the Shogunate (Samurai's government). From 1192-1867, the Shogun ruled Japan. The Emperor reigned but did not rule. The Shoguns were a type of warlords that governed providences and states as a type of Japanese check and balance of the 16th century. The name of that form of government was called Shogunate. The Shogunates ruled as a military dictatorship for over a span of almost 700 years: they fought the Mongolians in 1281, fought in a civil war during 1467-1477, fought for Osaka in 1615, and saw Commodore Perry in 1853.
Beasley, W.G., ‘Western Challenge, Japanese Response’, in Beasley, The Rise of Modern Japan: Political, Economic and Social Change since 1850, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2000, p. 22-37.
This essay will be about the samurai class in the Tokugawa era and all the events leading to their fall. It will also talk about how they did not technically ‘fall,’ but were in fact replaced by the commoner class in Japan. This commoner class brought on an economy centred around money rather than land, making the Samurai class bow down to the commoner class, since the Samurai were already in poverty at this point, however, they were still supported by what the commoner class had to offer so there were not wars between the classes. Unfortunately, this meant Samurai no longer thrived from their land economy. They had control over that part until this series of events unfolded; then, control was limited. This was the beginning of the so called ‘fall’ of the samurai class. Before the Meiji Restoration occurred, Samurai were a very prominent class in Japan, and were well respected and known, and most importantly, they were needed. However, when the Meiji Restoration came into effect, this brought in a new era of modernization. A modern Japan, where Samurai were seen as traditional and virtually unneeded in society. During their peak of samurai life, they had access to everything and were wealthy, but as the Tokugawa declined to the Meiji restoration, samurai experienced increasing poverty. “It was worth noting, that the possession of wealth
In 1868, after more than two centuries of self-imposed isolation, Japan finally begun to emerge into the modern world. The beginning of the 16th century saw the Tokugawa family awarded military control of Japan, and the introduction of an isolation policy on their behalf. During this period, starting in the 1630s and ending with the arrival of Matthew Perry in 1853, Japan had extremely limited contact with the outside world. Japanese culture and Japan’s internal economy continued to develop, however, almost completely without foreign influence. After reopening its borders to the rest of the world in 1868, the nation entered a period of rapid modernisation, drawing in technological, cultural, military and educational influences from other countries around the world. The Tokugawa family’s isolation policy had a moderate effect on the modernisation of Japan. The isolation policy had allowed Japan to progress beyond localised warfare, establishing trade and communication routes between previously disconnected localities, and together with the the 250 years of peace enabled by Tokugawa rule, allowed Japan’s continuous development throughout this period. The Tokugawa family’s isolation policy prevented foreign influence, however, separating the country even further from the West. Japan’s modernisation after this period saw the introduction of a bureaucratic government, improvements to their transport system, further improvements to their industrial sector upon those already made during Tokugawa rule, and the implementation of a powerful military. This military along with other things, led the Japanese down the path of rapid international expansion and colonisation (Pyle, 2006).
When the bakafu navy surrendered in May 1869, it signaled the end of an era in Japan (Schirokauer, 188). The way of the shogunate was finished, the Tokugawa family had been defeated and the wave of revolution swept through Japan. The only problem with that wave of revolution was that the men who were leading it had no real idea where it should be going. The emperor of Japan was a sixteen year-old boy, they knew that the power should not fall right into his hands, but they were not sure how to centralize the power with out giving it directly to him. Feudalism was not to pass all the way out of Japan; it was not going to play the dominant role that it had during the time of the Shogunate rule. The idea that they settled upon was modeled after the Chinese system, it was called bureaucratic centralization. With this decision the Meiji Restoration was starting to materialize into a staying ideology.
Nakae Chomin’s Discourse was published in 1887, a period that demarcated a crucial turning point in Japan’s politics and economy. The book itself suggested the great debate that the people of Japan were having in deciding the future of the nation, and draws on Chomin’s studies on Western politics in France and his journalistic and political involvements in Japan.
Emperor Meiji triggered the start of modernization in Japan. He made the right decision because this helped convey to people that it was time to change and become part of the outside world. The modernized Japan had become advanced in technology, art, culture and literature, however not everyone wanted this lifestyle. Samurais who still believed in the traditional worldview fought for what they thought was right. The problem was that Emperor Meiji was set on the idea of modernization and the samurai wanted tradition and the old ways.
Meiji Restoration, refers to the 1860s Japan in under the impact of Western capitalist industrial civilization of, from top to bottom, with capitalist nature of the overall westernization and modernization reform movement [1].
... rights with the westerns. Japan has been extremely productive throughout planning a good commercial, capitalist state in western models. But any time Japan tried to employ the lessons mastered from Western European imperialism, the western countries responded adversely. In this way Japan's chief handicap had moved into the western dominated world late. Colonialism and the racist ideology were being entrenched throughout western countries permitting a good "upstart,” nonwhite region to get into the particular race for natural resources and other market segments as an equal. A lot of the uncertainty between the western and Japan stemmed coming from Japan's feeling associated with alienation in the western, which was using different standards in dealing with Western European places in comparison with how it would with a nation that has a rising Asian power like Japan.
Though it seems that it was the Western influence that set off this revolutionary change, a more scrutinizing look into Japanese society at the time reveals that Japan was in fact on the brink of supplanting the fixed, hierarchical Tokugawa order for one that was better suited for its fast evolving, capitalistic society. As historian David Lu states, “Our people began to discover [modern civilization’s] utility and gradually and yet actively moved towards its acceptance. However, there was an old fashioned and bloated government that stood in the way of progress.” (Lu, 351). Therefore in a way we can view the intrusion of Western powers in Japan on that infamous July day in 1853 as an event that occurred during a time when Japan was ready for a world renewal, and not a direct and complete cause of modernization of Japan; in fact it was Japan’s revaluation of modernization and what it meant to be Japanese amidst strong western influences that eventually ...