Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
literature review adhd
adhd education research paper
adhd in children analysis tool essay
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: literature review adhd
Angela Huang
Critical Review Form
Quantitative Studies
TITLE of your article:
European, randomized, phase 3 study of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
STUDY PURPOSE:
Was the purpose stated clearly? __x_ Yes ___ No
Outline the purpose of the study (i.e., study objective or aim):
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of using a stimulant versus a placebo in children and adolescents aged 6-17 years old. The drugs used in this study included the stimulant, lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, OROS-MPH (osmotic-released oral system methylphenidate as a reference arm), and placebo.
LITERATURE:
Was relevant background literature reviewed? __x_ Yes
___ No
Describe the justification of the need for this study (3-4 key points)
⇒ ADHD can be a difficult disorder to treat and choosing the
…show more content…
The ADHD-RS-IV scores of participants treated with LDX decreased by over 50% from baseline and patients overall tolerated LDX well.
What were the main limitations of the study as stated by the author(s) and from your point of view?
The authors stated that since ADHD is underdiagnosed in Europe, patients may have had more of response to medication versus placebo due to the severity status of their ADHD. From my point of view, the study is limited in a few different ways. For example, the study was composed of predominantly males and there weren’t as many female participants. It would be helpful to see if we could apply the same efficacy measures to females. Also, the majority of the study population were Caucasian so it would be difficult to apply this to other ethnicities like African American, Hispanic, or Asian populations.
What are the implications of these results for your
A central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, methylphenidate—more commonly known as Ritalin—is drug prescribed in the treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) ((1)). AD/HD, by definition, is "developmentally inappropriate behavior, including poor attention skills, impulsivity, and hyperactivity" sustained for more than 6 months, appearing usually during childhood2 ((2)). Figures estimate an approximate 3-5% of children are affected by the disorder. Differing views, however, exist about the legitimacy of the majority of these diagnoses. In light of this, the object of this assessment is to examine the bodily and societal implications of methylphenidate.
One of the main treatments for ADHD is the use of medication. Primarily the main medication used is stimulants such as amphetamines. Amphetamines have been used in this treatment due to its effects of reducing the symptoms of ADHD such as behavior and irritability (Hodgkins, Shaw, McCarthy, Sallee, 2012). A major concern though with the use of amphetamines is...
"Communication about an Ongoing Safety Review of Stimulant Medications Used in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)." U S Food and Drug Administration Home Page. 20 Apr. 2011. Web. 28 Aug. 2011. .
ADHD is a disorder that has been on the rise for several years now. The disorder is one that can cause many impairments to a child’s attention span, making it difficult to concentrate and to keep on task, especially on schoolwork. (Graham, 2007) The statistics have been growing ...
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is the most widely diagnosed “mental-illness” in children in the United States today, and approximately 99% of children diagnosed are prescribed daily doses of methylphenidate in order to control undesirable behaviors. (Stolzer)
Stimulant drugs are widely used to treat the symptoms of ADHD. These stimulants dramatically reduce the hyperactivity of sufferers and improve their ability to focus, learn and work. Such medication may also improve physical coordination, for instance handwriting and sports. Research completed by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) suggests that these medicines may also help children with an accompanying conduct disorder to control their impulsive, destructive behaviours. The three medications that have been proven by the NIMH to be most effective in both children and adults suffering from ADHD are: methylphenidate (Ritalin), dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine or Dextrostat), and pemoline (Cylert). (NIMH 1999) Yet there is currently much research on the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, such as t...
U.S. Heath News reported (2013) that 6.4 million children ages 4 to 17 have been diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Since 2007, the utilization of stimulant medication to treat ADHD has jumped 11% nationally as a whole. It was also reported that the U.S. spends more on prescription drugs to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder than it does for all but six other medical conditions (U.S. News Health, 2013). The number of ADHD diagnosed teens prescribed stimulants, such as Ritalin and Adderall, will be increasing over time as the new guidelines set by the American Academy of Pediatrics now recognizes physicians prescribing ADHD stimulant medications to childre...
Jensen, Peter S. Lori Kettle, Margret T Roper. "Are Stimulants Overprescribed? Treatment of ADHD in Four U.S. Communitites." Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychology. 38 7 (1999): 797-804.
ADHD is a condition which affects multiple areas of functioning. Because of the widespread diagnosis this disease keeps doctors, pharmaceutical businesses, and teachers employed. According to Diller (2008), the use of drugs like Ritalin is at rates never seen before in this country or anywhere else. Diller also states that “we medicate our children with psychiatric drugs ten or twenty times more than countries of Western Europe (pg50).” Many children are said to be made unhappy, often alienating themselves from parents and others. They are also much more unmotivated which is directly related to the use of ADHD medication. Parents lean on medication as an excuse to control their children; when most children do not even need that drastic of a measure- and simply need some attention. According to Briggen (1995), the symptoms of ADHD often disappear when the children have something interesting to do or when they are given a minimal amount of adult attention. Researchers also note that ADHD symptoms tend to disappear during summer vacation when children are usually engaging in acts they want to participate in and receiving attention (Breggin, 1995). It makes some children behave in a zombie-like manner; not eating, not socializing, and lethargic and is often used by parents as an “escape pill” because they know that if their child becomes problematic, they can give him or her a pill and the child will become more docile (Breggin, 1995). In reality, statistics show that most children who have ADHD have borderline to mild ADHD symptoms; so do our children really have ADHD or is this just an excuse for parents to control their child(ren)? (Diller, 2008). The focus needs to be more targeted on a child’s strengths rath...
It has been known since the beginning of time that not all people have the same brain function, social graces or self control. Children have daydreamed, been distracted, wiggled and have been routinely disruptive in classrooms. The condition dubbed Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a new name for old behaviors. It has only been the last 40 or so years that these behaviors have become known as a disorder. They were previously accepted, on the most part, as common childhood behavior that would be outgrown. The controversy over the treatment, Ritalin, during the 1960s is when ADHD became well known (Conrad 563). Before that children and their families managed to survive without the labeling and medicating of children who didn’t fit perfectly into the mold. The brain function of a child with ADHD may be different, but who’s to say that difference needs to be changed. The person with ADHD still gets the job done, just differently, with a lot more effort and creativity. There are many who benefit from an ADHD diagnosis, the child is not always one of them.
With five percent of the children in the world affected by ADHD to some degree, there is much variance in the severity and occurrence of symptoms and behaviors (Zeigler Dendy, 2000, “Teachin...
Timimi, Sami and Eric Taylor, “ADHD is best understood as a cultural construct.” The British Journal of Psychiatry 2004: 8-9
Wigal, Sharon B. "Efficacy and Safety Limitations of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Pharmacotherapy in Children and Adults." CNS Drugs 23.(2009): 21-31. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 27 Mar. 2011. Helmke Library, Fort Wayne IN.
ADHD is a common disorder that is usually first diagnosed in childhood. Society has made this a well-known trend. That children of all ages, cultures and color can be effected by this disorder. My god son Aaron is now 24 yrs. old. As a young child, he had a hard time adjusting. His mother could not cope at times. Aaron would run, jump, and pay almost no attention to his surroundings. His mother would refuse to use any type of medication. Although she felt at times that Aaron needed the medication, she refused. Why? As a parent, she believed that her child only needed guidance, and discipline to control some of those behaviors he was having. My god-son never used medication. Even though, “I felt like he needed it”! In 2007 2.7 million youth were reported receiving medication treatment. (CDC) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, for “status purposes” to record, are always using data & statistics to widen their research.
Nakamura, K. Richard. “Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders: Are Children Being Overmedicated?” National Institute of Mental Health. 2002. Web. 02 May 2014.