Introduction and Purpose of the Study
Activities are executed as projects in organizations by governments and industries as a means to take advantage of the formality of processes and best practices associated with being characterized as a project (Geraldi, Maylor, & Williams, 2011, p. 966). According to Geraldi, Maylor, and Williams (p. 967), despite the promotion of “best practices” by professional program management associations that use of their methods lead to positive project outcomes, improved performance is not consistently realized. The authors argue that the associations’ one size fits all approach to best practices is insufficient for project success and thus conducted systematic research (SR) to determine if something else is the cause of project success.
The current paper will present a critical analysis of the 2011 article, “Now, let’s make it really complex (complicated)” (Geraldi et al.). The analysis will review the authors’ justification for the study and the transparency and rigor demonstrated in the five common systematic research phases described by Gough, Oliver, and Thomas (2012, p. 8).
The reader will find this paper has two main sections and a closing. The first will provide the previous discussed critical analysis and then a brief summary of the overall value of the systematic research. The second provides the current author’s reflection on his approach to his dissertation.
Critical Analysis
The purpose of Geraldi’s et al. (2011, p. 967) SR is to increase understanding of the context in which work is accomplished, the nature of an organization’s response within that context, and its impact on project success. Moreover, they sought to understand the conceptual model that treats complexity as an i...
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... that one cannot expect to blindly accept research. All aspects of the study are open for scrutiny.
References
Briner, R., B., & Denyer, D. (2012). Systematic review and evidence synthesis as a practice and scholarship tool. In D. M. Rousseau (Ed.), The oxford handbook of evidence based management (1st ed., pp. 112-129). New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.
Geraldi, J., Maylor, H., & Williams, T. (2011). Now, let's make it really complex (complicated): A systematic review of the complexities of projects. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 31(9), 966-990.
Gough, D., Oliver, D., & Thomas, J. (2012). An introduction to systematic reviews. London: Sage.
Gough, D. (2007). Weight of evidence: A framework for the appraisal of the quality and relevance of evidence. Research Papers in Education, 22(2), 213-228. doi:10.1080/02671520701296189
Melnyk’s Hierarchy of Evidence is a system often use for assigning levels of evidence in nursing by integrates clinical expertise and patient choices with the best available research. It is represented by a pyramid that enumerates the levels of strength of the evidence from 1 to 7, of which level 1 is the higher level. The higher level on the pyramid, the more likelihood that the research is valid; therefore, answering a clinical or practice question. “The systematic review or meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials are at the top of the evidence pyramid and are typically assigned the highest level of evidence, due to the fact that the study design reduces the probability of bias” (Melnyk, 2011). The weakness of the system is that when
Davies, K. S. (2011). Formulating the evidence based practice question: A review of the frameworks. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, 6(2), 75–80. Retrieved from https://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/EBLIP/article/viewFile/9741/8144
Gray, C., Larson, E. (2008). Project Management: The managerial Process. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
Research methods: The study used a systematic search using the means highlighted by the Preferred Reporting Unit for Systematic Meta-Analyses and Reviews. Several methods of collection of data and analysis have been used in consulting public records on the issue.
The aim of this paper is to explore and critically analysing two research articles. The critical analysis will explain the importance of the study, evaluate design and research method used in those articles. To identify any gaps it will provide the literature review in those researches and possibility for the new study. The project plan, for the possible research will be developed on a potential gaps and the essay will finish with the conclusion.
This paper will discuss several different aspects of using evidence research. It will compare and contrast validity vs. reliability and address wither it is possible to have an instrument that is valid and not reliable. It will also examine type I and type II errors as well as examine the differences between parametric and non-parametric. Lastly, this paper will look probability and what the minimum level of significance is for a research paper.
Achieving the anticipated outcome of cost, time, and quality are traditionally what determines the success or failure of a project (Chipulu et al., 2014). Project success is dependent on the support of senior management, but their involvement in projects and understanding of project management methodologies is perceived to be inadequate by project managers (Ancosky, 2013) or lack of proper governance makes them ineffective (Young & Poon, 2013).
Although a hierarchy of evidence is argued by many policymakers and researchers alike, others argue that no one method of research is automatically any better than any...
Sackett, D.L et al. (1996). Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't. British Medical Journal, 312: 71.
This article hasn’t provided an introduction; however a lengthy summary of the study which identifies the problem, purpose and rationale for the research study has been provided in the background. The introduction should give the reader a general sense of what the document is about, and preferably persuade the reader to continue reading. This prepares the reader for reading the rest of the document (Burns & Grove, 2001 p.636; Nieswiadomy, 2008 p.380; Stockhausen and Conrick, 2002).
Aveyard, H. (2011). Doing a literature review in health and social care: A practical guide. Maidenhead, England: McGraw-Hill Open University Press.
Maintaining an organization effectiveness and efficiency in a global changing environment possesses many challenges for the organization to advance its processes. Research in this situation can be very time consuming, some research can conflict with other research, and Meta-analysis can add value to this dilemma combining research into systematic reviews of statistical quantitative results. One such challenge is the value of theoretical driven empirical research, and when organizations apply “tactic and experience based knowledge” a gap exist between the academia and practical function of the organization (Lawler & Mohrman, 2011). This gap becomes minimized or closed with the relationship and familiarity of academia
The literature review is to present the already known – researched information of the areas that are related and meaningful to this research study (Saunders et al. 2012). Thus, the literature review will not only contribute in getting a much greater understanding in the research topic but also will enable to identify the gaps that need to be researched or questions that are not clearly answered. By classifying and examining previous studies the appropriate information and clear understanding will be achieved that will allow and also ensure that the current study is not repeating the same research or answering same questions. For this literature review the following key words were used for narrowing down the study material:
The Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) course has shown me how to translate the evidence and apply it to clinical decision-making. I have learned how to find the most current evidence based articles and appraise the strength and level the article. The highest level of evidence typically comes from a meta-analysis, systemic review, or an evidence-based clinical practice. While other level of evidence come from quantitative studies, randomized controlled trials, and expert opinion and analyses. In addition, the sample size, the design, and statistics of the study is looked at to determine the quality of the article. Many aspects influence an EBP article but the class has taught me how understand the information and use it in my practice furthermore
Literature review is a part of any study. For this study a systemic literature review was conducted.