1. Summary of Issue I gravitated toward Bandura as my theorist for this theory commentary because I was familiar with some of his work from my undergraduate psychology classes. Bandura’s social cognitive learning studies focused heavily on how children learn and then reproduce observed behaviors. While re-reading the section on this, I kept playing in my mind the video I have seen over and over again – children watching an adult either beat up or ignore a doll, and then afterward the children being placed in the room with the doll but without the adult. It made me wonder what would happen to a child who witnessed behavior similar to the adult punching the doll on a daily basis. According to the text, children imitate those who they look up …show more content…
In fact, most behavioral theories have little or nothing to do with the macro level, even though influences come from outside of the person. Instead they focus on the meso level, which includes the small unit of a family. The theory itself is primarily applied to individuals, but at the meso level, in our case the family of the young girl, factors providing positive or negative reinforcement are presented. In the case of the young girl using Bandura’s theory, she sees the joy her mother gets after beating on her father as a positive reinforcement at the meso level. She individually (micro) did not come up with that behavior, and overall society (macro) did not present the behavior to her, but instead her mother (meso) unintentionally did. It is important to note that the mother is not purposefully teaching her daughter to beat up men for enjoyment, but her daughter values the result her mother experiences afterward and has decided to model that behavior. The meso level presents the girl with the imitative behavior, the decision to deem the behavior inhibitory or disinhibitory, and the ability to individually practice the behavior so that it can become a previously acquired …show more content…
Specifically mentioned in the book is how negative reinforcement is an unethical practice for a social worker to engage in with their client or clients when using this theory. Instead, the social worker should encourage self-reinforcement and empowerment, which can line up with the social work ethic of dignity and worth of a person. It is important to guide the client in the right direction, but it is wrong to be coaching them every step of the way and not allow them to have some personal say in their journey. Throughout the study of behavior, it is obvious that we gain understanding of our clients. This helps with getting to know them and providing them with more personalized, and hopefully successful, services. By getting to know the reason the mother beats on the dad in our example, we would be able to help her redirect her energies elsewhere, and in turn change the social cognitive learning model the young girl is exposed to into a positive
The job of a child welfare worker appears to be a demanding profession that promotes the child’s safety, but also strengthens the family organization around them in order to successfully raise the children. This child welfare workers work in the system known as the Child Protective Services whose initiative is to protect the overall welfare of the child. The short novel From the Eye of the Storm: the Experiences of a Child Welfare Worker by Cynthia Crosson-Tower demonstrates the skills necessary to deal with the practice of social work along with both its challenges and its happy moments. The novel consists of some of the cases involving Tower’s actual career in social work. In reading the book, I was able to experience some of the actual cases in which children dealt with physical and mental abuse from their families that caused them to end up within the system. Also, some of these children had issues in adapting to foster and adoptive families based on the issues they faced earlier in life. As we have learned earlier in the course, the violence that a child experiences early in life has an overall affect on the person they become as they grow into adulthood. When children deal with adverse childhood experiences, they are at a higher risk for abusing drugs and/or alcohol, increased likelihood of abusing their own child or spouse, higher rates of violent and nonviolent criminal behavior, along with several other issues throughout their lifespan.
Annie, a fifth-grade student in Mr. Keller's class, is being quiet and sullen for the fifth day in a row. "I just can't do this writing stuff," she finally says in an appeal to Mr. Keller. "I'm not a good student. Give me P.E. or art over this stuff any day!" If we apply Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory in her comment "I just can't do this writing stuff" how does Bandura's theory help us to understand Annie? According, the Social Cognitive Theory of Albert Bandura which combines both behavioral and cognitive philosophies to form his theory of modeling, or observational learning states that human personality is an interaction between the environment and a person's psychological processes. With this interaction humans are able to control their behavior through a process known as self-regulation (Woolfolk, 2013, p. 400). He also assures that some factors like environment and personal experiences can encourage behaviors such as Annie, why? Because, in her case, it seems that Annie’s school achievement and personal interest in writing are not interacting; in addition, Annie may lack of motivation and reinforcement in her life that can be the cause of her frustration in writing. Consequently, she prefers school subjects like PE or art that she thinks, she will be successful. Woolfolk (2013) says that humans “may acquire a new skill or behavior through observation, but we may not perform that behavior until there is some motivation or incentive to do so” (p. 402). Therefore, the lack of motivation, feedback, modeling, and effort can be a few reasons why Annie seems to discourage about her writing skills.
Health behaviour is defined as ‘behaviour patterns, actions, and habits that relate to health maintenance to health restoration and to health improvement’ (Gochman, 1997). An individual’s behaviour towards their health is influenced by their social, cultural and physical environments. Behaviours are categorised as being health-enhancing or health-impairing. Engaging in health- enhancing behaviours, for instance, taking regular exercise and eating a balanced diet, can lead to increased health benefits and reductions in illness. Alternatively, health-impairing behaviours, such as excessive alcohol consumption, smoking and high dietary fat consumption, can have detrimental consequences on health and increase an individual’s susceptibility to disease.
The Social Learning Theory explains that children and adults can learn aggression and violence from observing parents, siblings or friends. As well as being rewarded for aggressive and violent behavior. (Siegel, 2015) This is just one theory that
Many theories have been thought of over the years to attempt to explain why people behave the way they do. Many questions were brought up when thinking about that and the social learning theory is a popular theory in explaining this. Nobody really thought of the social learning theory too much until Albert Bandura wrote his idea of it. He actually wrote a book called “Social Learning Theory.” In this book, he states that behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning(Saul McLeod).
In this paper I have learned that children base their actions of off what they learned from their parents. In my findings, I was able to see that Girl 1 treated Girl 2 as her mother would meaning that Girl 1 tended to Girl 2 as if she were a young child and she was an older more mature child. Girl 2 also reacted in a way that is considered aggression to get her way. The most interesting thing to me in all of this observation is that Berger was right in saying that behavior is learned through the actions of their parents (Berger, 200, 2012).
Sullivan. This proposed that individuals learn values, techniques, attitudes and motives for criminal behaviour through their interactions with others . Believing that group-think can possess a large influence on the behaviour of those around people engaging in criminal behaviour . This theory can easily be associated with Albert Banduras observational learning theory that is based on the importance of social factors in learning . It was believed that the reason people start engaging in criminal behaviour is from the group they are associated with. Both theories highlight the importance of observational learning in the younger age bracket. In the case of the crime previously mentioned the youngest member of the gang of thieves was 11 years old. It can rationally be assumed that an 11 year old child does not possess the knowledge to steal a motor vehicle without the explicit teachings of someone older that does possess this “skill”. This exposure to criminal behaviour normalises wrong doings. The more someone is exposed to anti-social stimuli the more acceptable it becomes in their own social world. While Sullivan’s theory has its strong points it also has its criticisms. This critique stems from the idea of rational thought and individualism. Claiming people are independent thinkers with rational actions and individual motives . However, in Banduras Bobo doll experiment the impressionability of children is highlighted and showed that children exposed to certain behaviour are highly likely to repeat the behaviour themselves. Which would ensure a child being directly taught the adverse behaviour would, in turn, be highly likely to repeatedly engage with the same behaviour
Bandura came to the conclusion that when a child is exposed to aggression in any form they will react on this, imitation goes a long way and with young children see the will imitate. This experiment has been done multiple times over the years using different methods using music, fight movies, and videogames. Each experiment comes to the same conclusion that Bandura has come up
Bandura discusses the importance of observational learning. Bandura focuses mostly on how kids develop their habits based of their role models. Bandura shows this in the Bobo Doll Experiment. The Bobo Doll experiment consisted of 36 boys and 36 girls. They were then separated again into watching a video of a plastic doll called Bobo. Some children were separated by some adults aggressively beating up Bobo and the other half were calm adults. After they were showed the video, the kids were then shown to Bobo and the results matched the Social Learning Theory to the max. The kids that were show the aggressive videos were aggressive towards Bobo. Another Social Learning Theory can be told in my shoes because I have done something similar. I remember in fifth grade my older cousin would always ride his bike down the biggest hill without a helmet. I figured if he did and was okay, why can’t I? I learned the hard way and sliced my arm on a rock. Luckily I did not need stitches however, I did go to the doctors and got ointment for it. I still have the scar today. I feel like the Social Learning Theory has made an impact on my life because I have had the opportunity of having a role model. This role model has made a positive change to my life. Similar to Bobo, I have seen what negative role models have done for a person and how much it affects
In the book “Aggression a social learning analysis”, Albert Bandura main argument is that aggression is a behavior that is performed from violent forms to gain control over people by forcing them to change and gain reinforcement. Aggression can be a behavior that was learned at an early age by observing the people around us can influence us to commit the same actions. However, it can affect a person physiological because they are taught that the action is appropriate to commit. For example, a young boy learned that is ok to talk back to the mother because he witnessed his dad confronting his mother. This can affect the young boy at an early age because he would learn that is ok to mistreat a women. Bandura(1973), suggests that “New behaviors are acquired and existing patterns are modified entails modeling and vicarious proceses.It is evident form informal observation that humans behavior is to large extent socially transmitted, either deliberately, through behavioral examples provided by influential models” (68). At a young age we don’t know what is right and wrong. We learn from our surroundings.
Bandura’s theory uses the social- learning approach. This approach would explain that Antwone was a product of what he saw. This showed in the behaviors that he displayed. This approach derives from the behaviorist approach (Schultz & Schultz, 2013). Bandura would believe that one learns by observing what is taking place in his or her environment and the people that are around the individual (Schultz & Schultz, 2013). Modeling was very important to Bandura (Schultz & Schultz, 2013).
Have you ever wondered why your younger sibling or cousin followed you around and started to copy the little things that you do? Children act a certain way, usually because they witnessed someone else doing so. When they do this, they are following Albert Bandura’s learning theory that consists of imitation and modeling. Albert Bandura is a well-known psychologist for his work in the theory of learning. As cited by Belsky (2016), the definition of the social learning theory is “a behavioral worldview that emphasizes that people learn by watching others and that our thoughts about the reinforces determine our behavior.”
Martina is an only child who lives in Australia with both her mum and dad however her nationality is of English. She was a full term baby who was showing independence from an early age. Martina’s behaviour throughout her development highlighted that she was perhaps a clingy, needy child that was constantly looking for reassurance. Martina reached many developmental milestones (Department of Employment and Workplace Relations, 2012) particularly when she was 0-12 months old, along with developing socially such as interacting with other children and emotionally by having to cope with the loss of her grandmother and was showing bouts of aggression with peers (Department of Employment and Workplace Relations, 2012, p.14). She developed cognitively
For this report, I decided to pick the Bobo doll experiment that was conducted in 1961 by Badura, Ross, and Ross. The reason why I chose this specific experiment was because I have always loved children and I am always fascinated and sometimes a little horrified when I come across experiments that involve them. In 1961, Albert Bandura, Dorothea Ross, and Sheila A.Ross decided to find out “if aggression could be acquired by observation and imitation” (McLeod,2011). 72 children (36 boys and 36 girls) were selected from the Stanford University Nursery School ranging from the age of 3 to 6. The researchers used four rating scales out of which the maximum point you could score was five. They observed the kids in their everyday life to determine
The purpose of Chapter two is to review literature related to the major variables within the study. Two literature reviews were conducted. The first literature review examined the retention rates and low standardized test scores on Students taking Middle School Math. This follows the purpose of the conceptual framework, the Keller’s ARCS model(1987). Here, there will be literature related to inform the study that is related to the research design, intervention design, and measurement instruments. Lastly there will be a section on the Conceptual Framework.