Crime Prevention Strategies in the US
analytical Essay
1358 words
Welcome to the United States, where we have a larger number of detainees than teachers, and that must say a great deal in regards to our framework. Wrongdoing is an issue that has influenced the United States and different parts of the world since the start of time. For the United States, the equity framework utilizes discipline as a technique to diminishing wrongdoing the nation over, however would it say it is truly meeting expectations? Some might say that discipline is the best manifestation of forestalling wrongdoing since it keeps the lawbreakers withdrawn from the world. Since the crooks are bolted up and serving their time, then that will be a route for the criminal to not precede their vicious demonstrations once he or she is back in this present reality. Be that as it may, this strategy is raising inquiries since over a large portion of the culprits who complete their detainment time submit an alternate crime that send them once more to jail. The same might strive for adolescents who begin with little criminal practices and develop to a greater lawful offense. So what is the solution? One approach to avert wrongdoing is to look past simply the wrongdoing carried out and discover the wellspring of the demonstration, which descends to the criminal and their youth or childhood. By having projects that have serious mediations around youngsters and grown-up lawbreakers at danger of submitting an alternate crime, I accept we might have the capacity to counteract further brutality. An alternate approach to lower wrongdoing rates is to have "hot spot policing", or more police compel in ranges where wrongdoing rates are the most elevated.
Crime prevention has been characterized as "the foresight, distinguishment and evaluation...
... middle of paper ...
...olicing is that it can keep wrongdoings from happening by concentrating on regions in a group where brutality is higher than normal
Works Cited
Braga, Anthony A. Crime Prevention Research Review No. 2: Police Enforcement Strategies to Prevent Crime in Hot Spot Areas. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, 2008.
Ennett, Susan T., et al. "How effective is drug abuse resistance education? A meta-analysis of Project DARE outcome evaluations." American Journal of Public Health 84.9 (1994): 1394-1401.
Steinberg, Laurence. "Youth Violence: Do Parents and Families Make a Difference?." National Institute of Justice Journal 243 (2000): 31-38.
Steve Aos, Marna Miller, and Elizabeth Drake. (2006). Evidence-Based Public Policy Options to Reduce Future Prison Construction, Criminal Justice Costs, and Crime Rates.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that the equity framework utilizes discipline as a technique to diminish wrongdoing, but would it say it is truly meeting expectations?
- Explains that crime prevention is the foresight, distinguishment, and evaluation of a wrongdoing danger and the launch of some movement to evacuate or lessen it.
- Explains that wrongdoing rates have been diminishing within the last decade, but number of individuals in the slammer is at an unequaled high in america. murder, persuasive assault, theft, and disturbed ambush are the top classifications
- Opines that a finer strategy is to utilize the cash our legislature puts into the jail framework on something that can profit both the criminal and the subjects influenced.
- Analyzes how a family's foundation and mental solidness are just some components that influence wrongdoing rates in specific zones and around specific gatherings of individuals.
- Analyzes how steinberg shows the criticalness of a family’s inclusion in their youngster's prosperity.
- Argues that the drug abuse resistance education program isn't gathering the base rules for adequacy as the u.s. government thought it might be.
- Explains that the washington state institute for public policy seeks projects to improve the criminal justice system by implementing programs and policing that have been shown to work.
- Explains that a review of existing evaluations of hot spots policing programs can help police executives and policymakers understand what works in preventing crimes in hot spot areas.
- Concludes that wrongdoing is difficult to keep 100%, but new systems that are, no doubt, accessible can keep future offenses from happening.
- Explains that crime prevention research review no. 2: police enforcement strategies to prevent crime in hot spot areas.
Related
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- Overpopulation In Prison Essayopinionated essayIn the United States of America’s criminal justice system, both violent and non-violent offenders are imprisoned. This imprisonment has led to overpopulation of our prisons, both federal and state-owned. Overpopulation and overcrowding can cause stress on the average, everyday tax-paying citizen as it becomes very expensive to house the over one-hundred and fifty thousand sentenced prisoners each year (US Bureau of Justice Statistics). That number adds up, because even with the over six hundred thousand offenders released each year, there are even more that remain in the prison system (US Bureau of Justice Statistics). The total number of prisoners in the U.S. state and federal correctional facilities, which includes prisons, rehabilitation centers, and juvenile detention centers, is 1,574,700 (US Bureau of Justice Statistics). This cycle of overpopulation needs a long-term fix, not some cookie-cutter solution that will only alleviate the problem temporarily. Due to the
In this essay, the author
- Opines that overpopulation and overcrowding of prisons in the united states of america is a long-term solution to the problem.
- Explains why the justice system often imprisons non-violent offenders for long, hard sentences. stigmatization of drug use can lead to lengthy sentences for many of them.
- Explains that non-violent offenders are an unnecessary addition to the prison system. overcrowding costs taxpayers large amounts of money each and every year.
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- Analyzes how the fear that non-violent offenders may become violent is a huge factor in their continued imprisonment.
- Explains why politicians use "tough sentencing" to campaign and get votes. the fact that citizens are willing to use the most primitive and basic form of punishment to keep themselves ‘safe’ is belittling of our entire society.
- Explains that programs such as the one described above can help non-violent offenders figure out the roots of their personal strife and find a solution that best fits their needs. probation and community service could also serve as alternatives to the mainstream idea of imprisonment.
- Opines that the legislative and judicial systems need to make an overhaul of the handling of non-violent cases, which could mean repealing tough sentencing laws and mandatory minimums.
- Explains that the prison industrial complex solidifies the current prison system's place in our society.
- Argues that the cost of imprisoning non-violent offenders is too great to sustain for a longer period of time. the lack of rehabilitation in the current prison system causes violence and repeat-offenders.
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2036 wordsRead More - A Critique of Philosophical Approaches to Criminal Justice Reformopinionated essayPeople are arrested every day in the United States. They are put on probation or sent to jail, and sometimes they are let out on parole; there are millions of people affected. In 1995 alone there were over five million people under some form of correctional supervision, and the number is steadily increasing. The incarceration rate is skyrocketing: the number of prison inmates per 100,000 people has risen from 139 in 1980 to 411 in 1995. This is an immense financial burden on the country. Federal expenditure for correctional institutions alone increased 248% from 1982 to 1992. Obviously something has to be changed in the justice system. If the crime rate is rising this much, the correctional justice system isn't functioning properly, and needs to be reformed. Many people have offered theories as to what should be done with the prison system, the extremes being retributivism and the therapeutic model, but what they all seem to have overlooked is that there is no single system that works for everyone. Blanket generalizations as to the nature of the criminal mind cannot be made. Every criminal is different, with different motivations and different psychological characteristics so that different things are required to make them repent or deter them from further criminal activity, and I believe that the solutions offered are not enough to lower the crime rate and prison population. Something needs to be done on a more fundamental level so that fewer people turn to crime in the first place, thereby providing the prison system with the freedom to improve the attention it gives to the people that do become criminals; my solution is a combination of economic reform and...
In this essay, the author
- Opines that if the crime rate is rising, the correctional justice system needs to be reformed.
- Argues that the extreme right reform proposition, retributivism, is flawed because it assumes that every prisoner can be shown that his crime was a moral wrong. prison does nothing to make them repent or change their way of life.
- Argues that the extreme left proposition, or "therapeutic model," is flawed. people who depend on drug sales and theft will not be changed by psychological treatment.
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- Proposes that society, as well as the government, should focus on the issues that lead people to adopt a criminal lifestyle.
- Opines that if the economic system were partially leveled through governmental tax and wage regulation, no one would be forced to steal for a living, thereby eliminating criminal activity.
- Opines that the proposed system would take a long time to take effect on prison populations, but it makes more sense than trying to attack the prison itself.
- Opines that education should provide people with the skills necessary to obtain a higher-paying job, but there will still have to be people holding the lower positions in society.
1500 wordsRead More - Criminal Rehabilitation in the United States Justice Systemanalytical essayIn its past, the United States justice system has focused on punishment and imprisonment and improving its ability to do so. Crime in the United States has generally been responded to with punishment and large amounts of imprisonment. This has resulted in an imprisonment rate currently standing at nearly 720 prisoners per every 100,000 citizens (“People, not prisoners”). To supply enough room for all these prisoners, approximately...
In this essay, the author
- Argues that the u.s. criminal justice system has already reduced crime, so a reform is not needed.
- Argues that the u.s. criminal justice system should focus on rehabilitation of criminals.
- Argues that rehabilitation has many benefits, such as reducing reconviction rates and prison populations.
- Argues that rehabilitation programs would reduce the financial burden of america's prisons on its people.
- Argues that rehabilitation should become the center of the u.s. criminal justice system because it would reduce the use and need for cruel and inhumane punishments in prisons.
- Opines that rehabilitative justice will greatly improve the u.s. justice system, but how can it be brought about?
- Argues that the united states has the highest incarceration rate in the industrialized world.
1632 wordsRead More - Essay On The Pros And Cons Of Incarcerationcomparative essayIncarceration in the United States are at an all-time high and are the worst in the world. This contributes to state prisons becoming overpopulated and less efficient. First and foremost we incarcerate people for justice, we punish them to set things right and pay the debt they owe to the victims of their crimes and society. Incarceration seeks to fulfill four different purposes. The first purpose incapacitation, getting the offender off the street so they can no longer commit crimes, and so they can no longer be a danger to society. Secondly we incarcerate as retribution for the crime committed, the criminal needs to be punished for what they have done. Another purpose is deterrence, a strategy to stop criminal behavior before it happens
In this essay, the author
- Explains that incapacitation, punishment, deterrence, and rehabilitate are the four purposes of incarceration in the united states.
- Explains that specific deterrence is a way of punishing someone in hopes of discouraging them from committing the same crime for an individual, depending on their crime and crimes in the past.
- Describes the pros and cons of early release of prison inmates.
- Explains that longer prison terms reduce crime through incapacitation and deterrence. the pros of longer sentences are that they keep the prisoner away from society for a longer time giving them more time rehabilitate.
- Explains that recidivism is the concept of a person returning to criminal behavior and ending up back in prison.
- Explains that half of all prison inmates have mental health problems and are issued only about 30 days of medication before having to find a health care provider. offenders sometimes become institutionalized after serving long sentences and do not want to leave prison.
- Concludes that incarceration does indeed affect recidivism for non-violent and drug offenders because it's almost like they are set up for failure. prison should focus greater on rehabilitation rather than just incapacitation.
1278 wordsRead More - The Ineffective United States Penal Systemopinionated essayMany prominent government officials, government agencies, and non-profit organizations acknowledge that there is a serious problem with our penal system. There are many reasons and many possible solutions. Today, we will explore some possible solutions. Prison inmates are some of the most maladjusted people in society. Most inmates have had either too much discipline or not enough. They usually come from broken homes and have low self-esteem. Inmates are very insecure, causing them to be "at war with themselves as well as with society" (Szumski 20). Most inmates have not learned to follow everyday norms or strong moral values. Some believe, as do I, that if we want to rehabilitate criminals we must do more than just lock them up. For instance, we could develop programs ...
In this essay, the author
- Narrates warren burger's experience of the ineffective united states penal system. in a famous psychological study conducted in 1986, mental health researches held an experiment to see the community, things changed.
- Opines that if we want to rehabilitate criminals, we must do more than just lock them up.
- Explains the sociological theories of delinquency, such as differential association, which emphasizes that a person is more likely to become criminal if the people who have the greatest influence upon them are criminals.
- Explains the two types of counseling used to rehabilitate criminals: individual and group counseling. the aim of group problem solving is to develop positive peer pressure.
- Explains halfway houses are a type of correctional center used to rehabilitate criminals. the aim is to keep offenders in the community.
- Explains the three systems used in programs and in the process of reintegration: "change by compliance, client-centered change, and change by credibility."
- Concludes that action must be taken to improve rehabilitation in america. prison-alternative programs for non-violent and small crime offenders should be implemented or researched.
- Cites bennett, lawrence, cozzone, chris, doob, christopher, fox, vernon, and hickey, eric.
964 wordsRead More - Essay On Criminal Justiceanalytical essayIt’s clear – as we come together today – that too many Americans go to too many prisons for far too long, and for no truly good law enforcement reason. It’s clear, at a basic level, that 20th-century criminal justice solutions are not adequate to overcome our 21st-century challenges. And it is well past time to implement common sense changes that will foster safer communities from coast to coast (The US Department of Justice, para. 8-9, 2013).
In this essay, the author
- Opines that imprisonment is a way of pretending to solve the problem of crime, perpetuating the idea of retribution, thus maintaining the endless cycle of violence in our culture.
- Explains that stop and frisk is a program that allows police to stop black or hispanics males without probable cause.
- Explains that the nypd stops blacks and latinos at rates that are much higher than whites.
- Analyzes how the united states attorney general eric holder addressed the incarceration of us citizens at an annual meeting of the american bar association.
- Analyzes how minorities, especially african-americans, feel about the criminal justice system.
- Analyzes how judge scheindlin's decision upset both mayor bloomberg and police commissioner ray kelly. the judges view fell were lock step in with what has always been classified as racism.
- Argues that the criminal justice system is a key part of what he calls the domestic war on the marginalized.
- Opines that economics deserves its own place at the table. oj simpson hired some of the best trial lawyers in the country to defend him against accusations of murder.
- Analyzes how disparities in the criminal justice system are in part a function of the interrelationship between race and class and reflect the disadvantages faced by low-income defendants.
- Explains that it is best to select candidates who have as little affiliation as possible in research projects. using students from another class brings integrity, diversity, maturity, and intelligence.
- Explains that the questions seemed perfect for the assignment and less likely to cause participants’ to freeze or hesitate in giving their honest on such a tricky and sensitive subject.
- Explains that the similarities were split down the middle. over half of the participants' stated yes, the criminal justice system was racist.
- Analyzes vince scardina's response to question 1: do you believe that there is a connection between race and crime in america?
- Concludes that racism, poverty, and economics are the root of the problem in the criminal justice system.
3249 wordsRead More - America’s Prisons and Their Effects On Societyexplanatory essayEvery civilization in history has had rules, and citizens who break them. To this day governments struggle to figure out the best way to deal with their criminals in ways that help both society and those that commit the crimes. Imprisonment has historically been the popular solution. However, there are many instances in which people are sent to prison that would be better served for community service, rehab, or some other form of punishment. Prison affects more than just the prisoner; the families, friends, employers, and communities of the incarcerated also pay a price. Prison as a punishment has its pros and cons; although it may be necessary for some, it can be harmful for those who would be better suited for alternative means of punishment.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that governments struggle to figure out the best way to deal with their criminals in ways that help both society and those that commit the crimes.
- Explains that prisons serve two main functions: separation and rehabilitation. the thought of going to prison helps deter most people from crime. rehabilitation is the main goal of prison.
- Opines that prisons must separate the criminals from the innocent, to be effective, according to lappin and greene. convicts in prison for non-violent offenses should not be housed with violent offenders.
- Explains that in 2007, one percent of american adults were in prison, which is by far the highest incarceration rate in the world. prisons do not rehabilitate people.
- Explains that prisons in america are operating with a population between 117% and 137% of their intended capacity.
- Explains that work in prisons is part of rehabilitation and a primary activity, but most prison work doesn't do any of these. inmates share job responsibilities with hundreds of other inmates.
- Opines that education in prisons should be a requirement, since many people did not graduate high school.
- Opines that rehabilitation in prisons has failed because of recidivism, and that two thirds of those released from prison this year will re-offend and be back in jail within 3 years.
- Explains that ex-cons are lazy and often late for work, and they have a hard time adjusting to life on the outside after years of incarceration.
- Explains that the families and communities of convicts bear a heavy burden. in many cases criminals have drug or alcohol problems.
- Explains that inmates who are incarcerated for non-violent offenses often turn into violent people during their stay. ex-cons have a hard time finding legitimate work, but they need money to support themselves and their family.
- Explains that corrections officials have been working toward an answer to rehabilitate prisoners and reduce the rate of recidivism for years, but government officials think these plans cost too much.
- Opines that states need to open more prisons and implement better rehabilitation programs to save money.
- Explains that institutions like this have been proven to rehabilitate their prisoners much more effectively than prisons do. the profits from the products pay for the operating of the camp and if they are run efficiently the camps can contribute money to the state.
- Explains that today's prisons serve their social purpose of keeping the public safe. the physical presence of a prison has been shown to do good for the community.
- Concludes that prisons are necessary punitive institutions that remove criminals from society. prisons will not be solved until the economy improves and government officials approve re-opening and rehabilitation programs.
- Cites clare, rose, ryder, etzioni, and flynn-jones. incarceration and community: the problem of removing and returning offenders.
- Explains greenfield's non-violent sbustance abuse offender policy options. lappin, h. g., greene, j. (2006). are prisons just?
- Cites shaw, v. n., trachtenberg, b. and young, m. g.
1532 wordsRead More - Correctional Theoryexplanatory essayEvidence-based corrections advocates for the use of empirically sound data to determine effective correctional policies and practices and is important for many reasons (Cullen, & Jonson, 2012, p. 4). For example, growing prison populations are consuming resources at an alarming rate (MacKenzie, 2000, pp 457). As such, budget cuts must be made in other areas (Cullen, & Jonson, 2012, p. 4). However, most significant is the fact t...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that rehabilitation is firmly entrenched in the history of corrections, citing the national congress on penitentiary and reformatory discipline.
- Explains the importance of evidence-based corrections for determining effective correctional policies and practices. growing prison populations are consuming resources at an alarming rate.
- Opines that evidence-based corrections would implement rehabilitation policies, as research shows it to be the greatest opportunity to significantly impact crime.
- Explains that liberals developed the justice model based on the concept of "just deserts" which sought justice equality and minimal use of incarceration.
- Explains that the theory of deterrence posits that people will commit crimes if they receive more benefit than cost from doing so, and finds theoretical support in rational choice theory.
- Explains that interrupted time-series studies examine crime rates before and after targeted interventions, such as mandatory arrests and sentencing, in an attempt to determine their effect on crime.
- Explains that macro-level or ecological studies examine places in order to determine what factors might be affecting crime within. this is done by utilizing a multivariate model.
- Explains that the following three study types are the most salient when trying to determine the effectiveness of deterrence theory.
- Compares the results of perceived deterrence studies with those of nagin, blevins, daigle, and madensen.
- Explains that correctional sanctions, such as boot camps, are cheaper alternatives to incarceration. however, cullen and jonson (2012) found them to have little to no effect on recidivism.
- Explains that incarceration is the most punitive sanction, with the exception of capital punishment.
- Explains that smith and gendreau studied 5,469 offenders in canada and found that high-risk prisoners were less impacted by the effects of incapacitation, whereas low risk prisoners exhibited increased rates of recidivism.
- Explains that incapacitation is the strongest justification for the use of imprisonment. many studies have been conducted using offender self-report surveys, longitudinal studies, and complex statistical estimations.
- Opines that evidence does not support these policies and practices as effective crime control policies or sound correctional policies. only when criminogenic risk factors are targeted with empirically sound treatments can we hope to see decreases in recidivism, crime and our custodial
- Explains cullen, gilbert, and gilbert's chapter 8: the future of rehabilitation: from nothing works to what works.
- Explains cullen, t., & jonson, c.l. correctional theory: context and consequences. thousand oaks, ca: sage publications.
- Opines that prisons do not reduce recidivism: the high cost of ignoring science.
- Describes the eight lessons learned from moneyball: the high cost of ignoring evidence-based corrections.
- Explains that diiulio, jr., and piehl, a. m. (1991). does prison pay? the brookings review 9(fall).
- Analyzes the effects of community sanctions and incarceration on recidivism.
- Explains that beyond correctional quackery: professionalism and the possibility of effective treatment. federal probation, 66(2), 43-49.
- Explains mackenzie, d. l., evidence-based corrections: identifying what works, crime and delinquency, 46(4), 457-471.
- Explains martinson, r., "what works?"--questions and answers about prison reform.
- Cites nagin, d. s., and tonry, m. (eds. ), crime and justice: a review of research.
- Explains that nagin, cullen, & jonson, respectively, are cited in michael tonry's crime and justice: a review of research.
- Summarizes petersilia, turner, and tonry's work on intensive probation and parole.
- Explains spelman, w., and m. tonry, "crime and justice: a review of research".
- Describes the declaration of principles adopted and promulgated by the congress in transactions of the national congress on penitentiary and reformatory discipline.
2514 wordsRead More - The Impact Of Crime Preventionanalytical essayAn enduring debate exists in law enforcement regarding its true impact. Some agree while others disagree that the primary impact is displacement and diffusion of criminal activity when crime prevention efforts are used. The following discussion takes a closer look at this debate.
In this essay, the author
- Defines temporary displacement as when the offender decides to change the time he commits the crime as the result of prevention efforts in order to avoid detection.
- Explains that spatial displacement describes when prevention efforts drive the offender to look for suitable targets away from the enforcement area.
- Explains that target displacement occurs when offenders decide to seek out targets which they normally wouldn't.
- Analyzes how tactical displacement explains how offenders change their mode of operation based on perceived risks or rewards.
- Explains that offence displacement describes how an offender may cease to view a particular crime as lucrative or worth the effort and find other crimes that they perceive to be more appealing.
- Argues that the diffusion of benefits theory is based on the assumption that offenders are determined to commit crime because of their economic situation and/or personal values.
- Explains that offender displacement helps offenders conform to the law after being arrested. they argue that benign displacement can create valuable benefits by causing crime to shift out to a larger demographic area.
1131 wordsRead More - Juvenile Crimeexplanatory essaySnyder, H.N., & Sickmund, M. (1997). Juvenile offenders and victims: 1997 update on violence. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that there has always been alarm and despair over escalating juvenile crime. in the 1950s, there were reports about the mushrooming problems with youthful gangs in the big cities.
- Opines that a child 6 years old is not criminally responsible and cannot form the intent to kill that is necessary for criminal prosecutions.
- Explains that juveniles are affected by poverty, family breakdowns, neglect, alcoholism, and poor education. delinquent behavior is a neglected child's attempt to compensate for attention that he did not receive.
- Explains that children who are in a gang are at risk. even youngsters who suddenly start getting bad grades could be prone to violence. numerous studies have been performed.
- Explains that environment can affect behavior, but it can be less crucial than the choice the individual makes as they respond to the environment.
- States that butts, jeffrey a., ph.d. (1996), delinquency cases in juvenile courts. ojjdp fact sheet.
- Cites commissioner sharron kelley's white paper on youth, violence, the schools and the county toward a comprehensive, long-term approach.
- Opines that it is not sufficient to blame poverty, the 1960’s, drugs, uncaring parents, short-sighted social programs, misguided justice programs for juvenile crimes.
- Explains that environment isn't irrelevant, and external factors can inhibit or facilitate a person's inclination to break the law. gun homicides by juveniles have nearly tripled.
- Cites eron, l.d, gentry, j.h., and schlegel, p. (1995). reason to hope: a psychological perspective on violence and youth.
- Cites loper, cornell, and sickmund, as well as the office of juvenile justice and delinquency prevention.
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