Crash test dummies are very important in vehicle safety. Without them the death rate in car accidents would be higher. Dummies are used so human lives can be saved. Crash test dummies have been greatly developed over the years, they are put through many tests and these tests need to be done to help improve automobiles.
First of all, the development of today’s crash test dummies has required a lot of work. In 1949, the Sierra Sam was first made. It was a 95th percentile adult male dummy. It was used by the United States Air Force to test aircraft ejection seats. It had a humanlike exterior shape, body weight and some limb joints. The spine and neck designs had very little resemblance to humans.
Mark I, created in 1952, was also a 95th percentile male. It was used by the U.S. and European Air Forces. This new design was similar to humans only in shape, size and total weight.
The elbows, wrists, knees and ankles were one piece limbs which caused them to be too stiff to provide accurate data. As a result, only a few models were produced. Other dummy models, the F,B & P general purpose dummies, were produced in 1953 and was available in eight different sizes. It had a better design than previous models, and it provided better responses. This dummy was used for many purposes. It was used in the project Apollo Landing Testing, underwater escape tests, tractor-safety programs and many other automotive and aircraft programs.
The use of this dummy was discontinued in the late 1960s. The Gard Dummy was developed in the 1960s and eight different sizes were made. It was used in testing aircraft ejection seats and in Navy programs. This design is still used in some tests today. The development of the VIP (Very Important People) model dummy started in 1966.
Until this time, crash dummies were made to meet the standards of aircrafts. Previous dummies did not meet the needs for automobile testing. For example the dummies didn’t have a pelvic structure and the spine was not humanlike. The VIP model dummy was made to be more like a human and to provide more accurate and helpful information in automotive testing. The very first standard automotive crash test dummies were the VIP-50A. It was completed and shipped in early 1968.
Research in making the Sierra Stan, another dummy produced to meet the needs of the automotive industry, started in 1967.
In a car crash, the more weight there is, the risk of injuries drops (Williams, May Twenty-second, 2015). In most semi truck accidents (about seventy percent of semi truck accidents), when only the semi truck and trailer alone are involved, there are no deaths. But when another vehicle (such as a car, van, or pickup truck ) is involved, about ninety-eight percent of the time there is at least one fatality, which is really low compared to some other means of transportation (such as a train or an airplane) (EJustice, 2012).
Explain the term "injury prevention" and give examples of ways to prevent at least three specific injuries.
The main protagonist for this story is Mr. Waythorn, he is the third and current husband of Alice Waythorn and the story is mostly told from his perspective. He is the main character of the story and works with Alice's second husband, Gus Varick. He is also the stepfather of Lily who is the daughter of the first husband of Alice; Mr. Haskett. He looks beyond the social stigma of marrying a woman who has been twice divorced. We see throughout the story Mr. Waythorn’s character undergoes some changes in the way he views his wife and her past relationships thereby making him a round character. Mrs. Waythorn is the antagonist of this story, it is obvious that the she has used all her marriages to advance her social standing, she redefines herself based on the level she attains, thereby refining who she is to those around her. We see all this from the perspective of her husband. After the glow of the honeymoon has died down Mr. Waythorn begins to realize that his perception of who Alice was before they got married was probably wrong. Alice is revealed to be more complicated as a character than we are initially presented with based on the perception of her current husband, so for this reason she is a round character.
...ility of the experimental method is somewhat limited in that some outcomes cannot generalize into real world outcomes. The design method used was also expensive, since there are several pieces of equipment and tools that were required to complete the study. Further, the reliability of the study is limited in that it failed to identify and analyze the relative import of other factors that could lead to fatal accidents, such as localized infrastructure deficiencies. (DAlessio, Stolzenberg and Terry, Clinton, 1999).
The applications of DU are quite extensive. DU is very low cost and is readily available. DU can be used as a commercial aircraft counterweight. A Boeing 747 needs 1,500 kg of DU.
With this improvement, Dr. Willem J. Kolff, the head of the artificial developmental program at the University of Utah, and Dr. William DeVries, the head cardiac surgeon at the University of Utah, decided to take this device further. They wanted to develop a heart based on the heart tested in farm animals, to place into a human. This was done with the help of Dr. Robert Jarvik who developed the Jarvik-7. This device was made of plastic and aluminum. With all that they had accomplished, the staff at the University of Utah’s artificial development program still had to wait 2 years before they found the right candidate for the project.
I never knew the answer to this question, until I discovered that human cadavers are used for impact studies. In chapter four Roach visits Wayne State University to watch a crash stimulation. During the stimulation they wanted to see how much impact a human shoulder could withstand before serious injury. I never knew that cadavers played a role with car safety. I don’t agree that safer windshields and steering wheels is the result. I do believe it helps and benefits you, but I don’t think that it is the only result. ()
Symbolism is very important in Oscar Wilde's "The Importance of Being Earnest." It is the symbolism that mocks the upper-class of the Victorian Era. Without comprehending and embracing the symbolism of the story, the story cannot make sense. But with context and accurate understanding of the symbols used, the story's message is a powerful one. Some symbols used in the story are food, Lady Bracknell, and the act of Bunburying.
"What Type of Crash Is Usually the Most Deadliest?" Car SeatOrg Carseat Automobile Child Passenger Safety Community Forums RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 May 2014.
Jay Scott Traylor was driving on a highway in North Carolina when his car struck a guardrail that was fitted with an ET-Plus end terminal. The terminal, manufactured by Trinity Highway Products, LLC, comprised three main components—an impact plate, guide channels, and an extruder head. When attached to the end of a standard guardrail, the unit was designed to absorb and dissipate crash forces by permitting the guardrail to be extruded through the unit’s head and flattened out into a ribbon. . [Traylor v. Trinity Indus., Inc.]
First of all, before I go into the presentation. I would like to ask you all that, have you ever experience in the car crash situation? We all know that when the car crash, the airbag will come out to protect the driver and the passenger on the front seat. However, imagine that what will happen if the airbag didn’t come out? The driver and the front seat passenger can be hurt or even dead if the car crash intensely. So, it is very important to check if the airbag of your car work properly or not and if not, that will be a big problem.
They also did experiments on twins. The twins were examined from head to toe. Measurements of every inch were taken. The twins were allowed to keep their hair for the first several days of the examination. After all the living data was taken the twins would be killed by a single injection of chloroform in the heart. Care was taken to insure the twins died at the same time. The twins were then dissected with the organs being sent to research centers.
The modern total hip replacement was invented in 1962 by Sir John Charnley. Sir Charnley was an orthopedic surgeon who worked for a small hospital in England. The total hip replacement is considered by many to be the most important operation developed in the 20th century, solely based on the fact that it helps to relieve human suffering. Total hip replacement was first performed in the United States around 1969. Since then there have been more then a hundred of thousands of replacements performed in the United States. One of the first surgeons to perform this surgery was Charles O. Bechtol. In 1969, while he was a professor at UCLA, Bechtol started a total hip replacement program. The artificial hip joint is considered a prosthesis. There are two major types of artificial hip joints, cemented prosthesis and uncemented prosthesis. The type of prosthesis that will be used on the individual patient is decided by the surgeon depending on the patient's age, lifestyle and the experience that the surgeon has with a particular one.
Automobiles have been around for well over a century now. I think the most impressive thing about cars in today’s world is the safety features that come with the cars. Think about how much testing goes into making one car. There is seriously so many things that companies have to take into consideration when building a new automobile to assure that it is safe enough for the consumers.
The most common use of biomechanics is in the development of prosthetic limbs used for the handicapped. Most work on prosthetics is done in laboratories where scientists use calibrated machines to test stress and wear of artificial limbs. These days, prosthetics, are made of titanium and lightweight fiberglass to make a near perfect match with most people. The most common prosthesis is the replacement in a below the knee amputation. The American Society of Biomechanics (ASB) held a meeting at Clemson University of 1997 in order to develop a sports prosthesis that would stand up to every day flexing of the knee for performance in sports.