Introduction
Just two decades ago, saying “copyright” to teachers most likely conjured images in their minds only of the fine-print notice in the front of a textbook. Today, with a world of Web 2.0 technology at their fingertips, copyright issues for teachers can be confusing and complex. Add to that an ever-increasing emphasis on technology literacy in our states’ education standards – forcing teachers to incorporate applications and resources that may be uncharted territory to them – and the waters get even murkier. Teachers bear the double-burden of carefully abiding by copyright laws in their day-to-day incorporation of technology in the classroom, while instilling copyright ethics in students as they meet state standards for technology and media literacy. A review of the copyright literature related to education provides some clarity on copyright and fair use applied to classroom practices, suggests barriers to copyright compliance among educators, and provides suggestions on how to teach copyright ethics to a tech-savvy generation.
The Basics of Copyright Law
In its simplest terms, copyright is the U.S. government’s way of protecting the rights of anyone creating an original work, such as a play, song, poem, book, or artwork. Only the work’s original author or creator can make copies, distribute, sell, perform or adapt that work. Originally passed into law 35 years ago, the Copyright Act of 1976 has undergone many changes in the wake of advancing technology, including such changes as categorizing any work on the Internet as “published” (Copyright Act of 1976). Of
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particular interest to educators is the “fair use” doctrine, which extends a get-out-of-jail-free card (so to speak) to anyone using copyrighted...
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...on in her book Copyright Clarity by asserting that the originators of copyright law intended the protection of intellectual property to encourage creativity among inventors, not stifle it.
Conclusion
As educators, a partial grasp or half-hearted embrace of copyright and fair use laws is not enough. Now is the time to teach students how to creatively yet legally take advantage of the plethora of resources at their fingertips through the Internet. Web 2.0 tools are becoming increasingly popular in post-secondary education, and this generation of students is likely to “produce a significant amount of content” over the course of their educational career (Diaz, 2010, p61). These students must know what rights they have to this content they have created, as well as be confident that all the resources they have incorporated along the way have been incorporated ethically.
Prior to the enactment of the Statute of Anne in 1710, the idea of copyright law, remained in the private law context, was in hands of profit-making stationers' company who only served to uphold their own interests in printing the materials. The Statute of Anne deeply affected the American law of copyright (Patterson, 1965) marking the beginning of copyright in a public context. Although the Statute itself had handful of loopholes like it only governed the printing of books and did not stipulate any means to identify the author, it was still often referred as the most authoritative legislation document because of its groundbreaking, historical impact on its protection to the natural and property rights of authors. In my essay, the Copyright Ordinance in Hong Kong will be illustrated to show that it succeeded the spirit of Statute of Anne, favoring the vigorous and prospering development creative work in our city. I would also suggest some ways to amend the Law in the modern circumstances where Web 2.0 Communication Tools reinvented the creative industry significantly.
As an audience member I am sympathetic. This is a subject of which I had some prior knowledge on before watching the video and had already formulated my opinion. I believe the author, Lawrence Lessig, is trying to reach a neutral audience. After showing multiple videos in which different types of creative expression are shown, Lessig branches off into the topic of copyright laws. He introduces this topic as something new when he states, “So much is not new, there is something that is new.” This implies that the audience would not already be aware of the type of occurrences being discussed and therefor they would not have already formed an opinion making them neutral.
Digital media is a major part of my daily life. Every day I check Instagram, discover photos on Reddit, and browse Tumblr. Samantha DiUbaldi’s “Copyright Laws through the Lens of the Digital Age” caught my eye because of how often I consume media on a digital platform. In this paper, I will provide a summary of DiUbaldi’s essay, and how she supports her claim that current Copyright Laws for photographs are not sufficient, and need to be changed. Following the summary will be an analysis on DiUbaldi’s construction of her argument via use of rhetorical appeals. Subsequently I will provide
Over the past decade the societal view of creative society has greatly changed due to advances in computer technology and the Internet. In 1995, aware of the beginning of this change, two authors wrote articles in Wired Magazine expressing diametrically opposed views on how this technological change would take form, and how it would affect copyright law. In the article "The Emperor's Clothes Still Fit Just Fine" Lance Rose hypothesized that the criminal nature of copyright infringement would prevent it from developing into a socially acceptable practice. Thus, he wrote, we would not need to revise copyright law to prevent copyright infringement. In another article, Entitled "Intellectual Value", Esther Dyson presented a completely different view of the copyright issue. She based many her arguments on the belief that mainstream copyright infringement would proliferate in the following years, causing a radical revision of American ideas and laws towards intellectual property. What has happened since then? Who was right? This paper analyzes the situation then and now, with the knowledge that these trends are still in a state of transformation. As new software and hardware innovations make it easier to create, copy, alter, and disseminate original digital content, this discussion will be come even more critical.
New York Times journalist, Trip Gabriel, puts into perspective students ability to use their creativity throughout their academic career in “Plagiarism Lines Blur for Students in Digital Age.” This article discusses issues of plagiarism in the digital age, especially through college students. There are different perspectives from various people either attending college or professors that argue why plagiarism occurs. Whether it’s because of laziness, unpreparedness going into college, originality, or authorship not taken into consideration. Overall, this article infers the different standpoints of plagiarism, demonstrating the ease the digital age gives students to plagiarize, and the importance
“Anyone else who uses copyright material in those ways will infringe copyright unless they have permission from the copyright owner or a special exception applies. One act may result in the infringement of several copyrights” (Film & Copyright, 2012, p. ...
Copyright is not a natural process; it is essentially an agreement between the state and an artist, where the state gives the artist a monopoly on works they make for a certain time in hopes that this artist will continue to create more works. This agreement is beneficial for all parties; the artist gets money for their work (as no one is allowed to produce copies unless granted permission) and an incentive to create new works. The state has artisans to keep the public happy.
Music Copyright is a very important aspect of the music industry. The Copyright law was established to preserve the creativity and rights of authors, composers, performers of expression. Copyright is the law that protects the property rights of the creator of an original work in a fixed tangible medium. (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/copyright) A fixed tangible medium is something substantial like copying lyrics on paper or putting a song on tape or CD. Copyright can be seen every where in the music industry. Many music artist of our culture today have been involved in copyright issues. Recently, on MTV news it was stated that, "As the music industry becomes increasingly concerned about protecting the integrity of artists copyrights in the age of MP3. Prince has now filed a motion in New York federal court aimed at shutting down several websites offering free downloads of the Artist's songs." (http://www.mtv.com…19990304/prince.jhtml) In addition, in recent music news, "Nine Inch Nails lead man Trent Reznor copyright infringement suit was dismissed. Another artist claimed that the Reznor had stolen material for his last album." (http://www.mtv.com…19991202/nine_inch_nails.jhtml) The copyright law has become an important legal aspect to know our music generation.
Plagiarism, or the unaccredited use of another's work or ideas, has become more and more of a problem in recent times than it was in the past. According to statistics found in a survey conducted by the Free Press, 58% of high school students let someone copy their work in 1969, but by 1989 this number had risen to 97%. The expansion of the World Wide Web and the number of people accessing the Web on a regular basis has caused an epidemic of plagiarism in this country, especially among students. This is a serious problem that must be addressed because many students feel that if they are not getting in trouble for cheating, than it is okay.
This article mainly focuses on the ethics and its importance in the daily life and the need of the ethics to the individual and to the society. It mainly focuses on the ethical theories; consequence based theory, duty based theory, contract based theory and character based theory and how these theories are implemented for the copyright infringement i.e. the free access of the copyright material. It explains all the four types of theories in detail with examples and how these are implemented for the given topic. The modern ethical approach has been given based on the four ethical theories and the recommendations based on the outcome of the four theories. It is followed by the conclusion and the references.
Piracy is primarily a problem for the entertainment and software industries, and therefore piracy most often involves violations of copyright law. Copyright is a legal right that protects creative works from being reproduced, performed, or disseminated without permission of the copyright owner. Essentially, a copyright gives its owner the exclusive right to make copies of the material in question.
Imagine if you will, you just finished reading an amazing article and want to share it with your colleagues, you copy a section and send it out in an email. Did you just commit copyright infringement? Did you just violate someone’s rights as the creator of that intellectual property? To better understand what copyright is you must first understand the difference between copyright, public domain and fair use. Another important aspect to the copyright debate is the definition of intellectual property. When someone creates or originates a piece of work or materials, it is considered to be copyrighted by that individual and cannot be used, adapted, copied or published without the creator’s permission. In the computing world, according to Bowles (2013), data is also known as intellectual property. Even though there are copyright laws which aim to protect intellectual property, when there are not enforced, intellectual property is
Plagiarism and Copyright Infringement are two terms that mean different things yet are routinely mentioned as synonyms for each other. This is not the case. The underlying reasoning for people who choose to plagiarize and infringe on copyrights involve some of the same ethics and morals, but from a legal standpoint these terms mean different things. This paper will point out the similarities and differences between the two terms. It will first give some meaning and perspective behind each term then it will go into the details of what each term means. It will point out the types of plagiarism that routinely show in academia and what is covered under Copyright law protection. It will go on to compare and contrast the two concepts.
A copyright is a legal means that gives the creator of mythical, imaginative, musical, or other creative work the solitary right to publish and sell that work. Copyright owners have the right to manage the reproduction of their work, including the right to receive imbursement for that reproduction. An author may contribute or sell those rights to others, including publishers or recording corporations. Breach of a copyright is called copyright
What exactly is plagiarism? Plagiarism is the act of stealing another person's words or writing and not properly citing the quotes or paraphrase. Plagiarism can happen without realizing what you have done. According to the website Plagiarism.com, "One out of three high school students admitted that they used the Internet to plagiarize an assignment"(Plagiarism) which is an extremely high number. There are ways around plagiarizing with the most important way is to always cite quotations and borrowed material. Another form of copying is "Copyright Infringement" which is defined by the website copyright.gov as being the copying or use of copyrighted material without consent from the copyright owner.(Copyright¬) Plagiarism and Copyright Infringement both deal with taking something that isn't yours without permission and using it as your own, but they also are pretty different from one another. Plagiarism is centralized around taking a sentence or how paper of someone's and calling it yours while Copyright infringement is centralized around using a piece of work that has been copyrighted such as someone using the Disney logo on a shirt and selling them without permission from the Disney Corporation. Committing either of these can make you end up in some serious trouble whether it be with your school or a big corporation.