Copper is the metal that archaeologists suggest is the first metal to be extracted by humans and therefore is a metal that is extensively used by humans. The period of time in human history that copper metal is thought to have been first discovered is the transition from the Stone Age to the age of metals, also known as the Copper Age which was from five thousand to three thousand BC. Originally copper metal was used to make ornaments, tools, weapons and cooking utensils. Copper is a soft metal so using the copper for weapons and tools was a disadvantage. Later we would discover that if a small amount of tin was added to the copper it increased the coppers hardness creating bronze, this was a huge development in the making of weapons and tools. The Egyptians used copper metal for copper pipes to convey water the Egyptians also used the copper for beads. Copper was and still is today used for cooking pots; this is because of its fantastic thermal conductivity.
Copper has over one thousand alloys that have been formed. An alloy is when a small proportion of another element is added; this can alter the physical properties of the metal dramatically. The pure metal is generally a lot softer than its alloy, this is because the small quantities of the other elements disrupt the structure of the atoms in the lattice. One major alloy of copper is bronze; bronze is the result of adding ten per cent tin to ninety per cent copper and played an important role in human cultural development called the Bronze Age which was between three thousand to one thousand BC. Bronze is much harder and less malleable than copper or tin therefore giving it many advantages for tools such as axes and knives because bronze maintains a sharp cutting edge and is...
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...worth will increase. Although our ability to produce copper and other metals from lower quality ores and have the technology to access ores deeper in the earths crust and in the ocean copper and other metals will still run out. Recycling our copper materials is important. To recycle to material it needs to me sorted from the other metals and cleaned. Then it is melted down and reformed for another use. Copper is used widely in today’s society for heating and is one of the most important metals used today. Copper has excellent heat and electrical conductivity and it is used is water systems because it doesn’t corrode. If copper were to no longer be available many of the everyday items we have wouldn’t be accessible, which is why recycling copper is important. Recycling would prolong the availability of copper and the numerous uses of copper could still be performed.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that copper is the first metal to be extracted by humans, and is widely used. it was used for ornaments, tools, weapons and cooking utensils.
- Explains that copper has over one thousand alloys that have been formed. an alloy is when a small proportion of another element is added; this can alter the physical properties of the metal dramatically.
- Explains that the extraction of copper metal has changed very little since ancient times. the process requires moderately high temperatures and requires a large supply of carbon.
- Explains that modern day metal refineries in australia are one of the biggest in the world.
- Explains that mining copper can have unfavourable impacts on the environment such as air pollution and reduce the soil and water quality.
- Explains that minerals are a non-renewable resource because they are formed in the earth's crust and are limited in quantity. recycling our copper materials is important.
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- Iron Essayexplanatory essayThe World of Iron What is Iron? How can we use this element? There are so many needs for this element. Iron has been around since ancient times. No known person is said to have discovered it.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that iron is a metal that is grayish metallic and magnetic. it is malleable and ductile, and can also conduct heat and electricity.
- Explains that iron is a naturally occurring element, consists of eight isotopes, and is the fourth most common element in the earth’s crust.
- Explains that iron has been used since 5000 bc where it was said to be used by the people of iraq. during wars, iron was used to make weapons, ships and vehicles.
- Explains that iron is an absolute requirement for most forms of life, including humans and most bacterial species. it is essential for human brain development.
- Explains that iron oxide is a type ii binary ionic compound because iron has more than one charge. iron (ii) sulfate is another compound that is used by many individuals today.
- Explains that iron is one of the most commonly used elements for survival. without it, all plants and animals depend on it.
611 wordsRead More - Stainless Steel Essayexplanatory essayStainless steel is a type of alloy that has a very strong lattice structure (an arrangement/ shape of the crystals or other objects) which in some case can be more beneficial than others depending on the type of application it may be used for. In many cases this structure will make the material more suited to being used in engineering applications such as tools for instance a hammer (stainless steel alloys) , also they can be used for gears, engines, electrical motors and hydraulic systems because the structure makes the material so strong. So when the arrangement of the structure is as above it makes the overall material even stronger which makes it a good for all the applications stated above. I believe its strength and durability are its main properties as these are commonly needed in the engineering industry, although it is also very well known to be used for its corrosion resistance as it is resistant to many types of corrosion. It is used for these properties because the components such as gears need to be strong in order to keep transferring and altering the rotary motion and torque exhibited in the machine that it may be used in, durable to withstand any loads or pressure put onto it and also corrosion resistance to give the components a bigger life span and increase its rate of work throughout its required use.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that stainless steel has a strong lattice structure that makes it more suited to engineering applications such as tools, engines, electrical motors, and hydraulic systems.
- Explains that polymer-polyethylene is partially crystalline and amorphous. it can be moulded or extruded into shapes such as pipes.
- Explains the properties of alumina, such as strength, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, which makes it important in engineering. aluminium oxide is the second hardest mineral after diamond and is non-reactive.
- Explains that carbon-fibre is made up of layers of fibrous composite materials, bonded together in minuscule crystals, and has a high strength to weight ratio.
- Explains that nitinol is an alloy of nickel and titanium. it can be used in engines and couplings in aerospace applications due to its useful properties.
1180 wordsRead More - Specialization Of Civilization Essayexplanatory essayThe Bronze Age was a period of time, about 3000 B.C., when bronze was used, instead of copper and stone.
In this essay, the author
- Defines civilization as a society that has cities, skilled workers in different areas, institutions, writing to keep record, and technology that is advanced for the time.
- Explains that scribes are workers who's job was to keep records. the bronze age was a period of time, when bronze was used, instead of copper and stone.
- Opines that advanced cities are important for the development of a civilization because they allow large groups of people to live together.
- Explains how the social structure of village life changed as the economy became more complex. some people had better jobs than others, and higher authority, which allowed them to make more money and therefore live a wealthier life.
- Explains the five key traits of a civilization: advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technologies.
358 wordsRead More - Ap World History Dbqanalytical essayc.3000 B.C.E. was the beginnings of Bronze Age- early civilizations. Bronze Age starts at different areas in different time periods. It was first found in near Middle East. Historians do not know where or how bronze was first discovered. This event demonstrates KC 1.1: I.B because during this period materials were developed among Europe (E), East Asia (EAa), and Middle East (ME). It illustrates material wealth, creation, expansion and interaction of economic system.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how the neolithic or agricultural revolution transformed human life across the planet and illustrates the interaction between human and environment, development of technology, settling patterns, and how natural resources gave some lands advantages.
- Explains that c.3000 b.c.e. was the beginnings of bronze age- early civilizations. it was first found in near middle east.
- Illustrates the development and interaction of cultures, science & technology, writings, and languages that were used in the iron age, preceded by the bronze.
- Explains that confucianism, buddhism, and daoism originated in china in the 6th c.b.c.e.
- Illustrates the greek golden age in kc 1.3: iii.c, demonstrating today's political structure, development, and interaction of cultures placed in europe.
- Explains that the zhou dynasty was divided into different states and the kings from each state wanted more power or retain their power. k.c 1.3 ii. b illustrates conflict/war, state-building, and expansion.
- Explains that the empire was divided into three main kingdoms, which stretched from europe (e), middle east (me), and to south asia (saa).
- Analyzes how the qin dynasty unified china in 221 bc. he introduced new currency, unifying system of weights and measures, and writing.
- Explains that ashoka's sons and grandsons did not put any effort to improve the empire nor showed any responsibility. the vastness of the region caused to decrease in communication.
- Illustrates the k.c. 2.1:ii. d because christianity spread through jewish people and eventually gained roman imperial support.
- Analyzes how the fall of pax romana illustrates k.c. 2.2: iv.b.
- Illustrates k.c. 2.2: iv.b because peasants joined together along the yellow river and revolt by the taoist secret society known as yellow turbans.
- Analyzes how the emperor constantine converted to christianity in 312 c.e.
- Explains that roman capital moved to constantinople during 333 c.e. to protect rome from barbarian attacks from the germanic tribes. this event represents k.c 2.2: iii.a.
- Explains that the 4th century was the beginnings of trans-saharan trade, placed in north africa (naf).
- Analyzes how the fall of rome took place in 476 c.e., when the last roman emperor, romulus augustus, surrendered to a germanic leader named odoacer, and roman rule officially ended.
- Explains that justinian ruled the byzantine empire in 527 c.e. and improved roman law by establishing codex. the nika revolt ended his authority.
- Explains that 550 c.e was the fall of gupta empire in south asia (saa). the decline occurred due to conflicts and weak leadership.
1680 wordsRead More - Got Zinc?explanatory essayThe term “zinc” was not in use until the 16th century, at the earliest. The ancient Greeks called it “pseudargyras,” meaning “false silver,” and made very little use of it (Mathewson 1). The unassuming bluish-gray mineral was given a warmer welcome by the Romans, who were already using it to make brass by “about the time of Augustus, 20BC to 14AD”; the Romans used, not purified zinc, but the mineral calamine (“zincky wall accretions” from caves) and fused them in a crucible with bits of copper to make their brass (Mathewson 1). Around the world, zinc was being exploited by the Chinese civilization as well, although documentation of Asian use of zinc does not come until the 7th century of AD, from Kazwiui, the “Pliny of the Orient.” Kazwiui, “who died in 630AD, stated that the Chinese knew how to render the metal malleable and used it to make small coins and mirrors” (Mathewson 2). The discovery and use of zinc, then, was widespread in ancient times and through the Middle Ages. However, it seems that it had not yet been used for anything much more practical than a mirror, a fact that would very quickly change in the 18th and 19th centuries as higher-grade zinc became available and new applications presented themselves.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that zinc is the third most commonly used nonferrous metal in the united states. it was one of the first minerals exploited by man.
- Explains that the ancient greeks called it "pseudargyras," meaning "false silver," and made very little use of it.
- Explains that zinc was used as a component in roofing, and that it was easier to work with and cheaper than stone.
- Explains that zinc is one of the easiest metals to electrochemically apply to another substance, although this process had its problems for several years.
- Explains that zinc can store six times as much energy per pound as other battery systems, increasing range of electric vehicles. the epa recently removed zinc strips from its list of controlled pesticides.
- Explains that zinc is easily recycled in the increasingly environmentally-friendly industrial world. the united states is the world's largest producer of zinc, although the founding of new mines has declined a bit in recent years.
- Cites mathewson, c. h., porter, frank, and porter.
1227 wordsRead More - Arsenic Essayexplanatory essayBackground/Introduction Arsenic is a naturally occurring element that has been known to be a very toxic poison for hundreds of years. This metalloid has properties of metals and nonmetals. It has two forms, the organic forms including arsenobetaine, arsenocholine, MMA and DMA and the inorganic forms including As (III) and As(V). This poison can be dated as far back as 3000 years ago in Chinese medicine that is still used today. Egyptians used arsenic as a way to harden copper and as embalming fluid.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that arsenic is a naturally occurring element that has properties of metals and nonmetals. it can be dated as far back as 3000 years ago in chinese medicine.
- Explains that arsenic is a dangerous toxin that has no color, taste or odor when placed into food or drinks. it became known as "the king of poisons" due to its potency and inability to be identified.
- Explains that even though arsenic is a poison, it can also be used as medicine in certain circumstances. hippocrates, aristotle, and paracelsus used it medicinally.
- Explains that in the 1800s, arsenic was used as a pigment in wallpapers and other consumer household products that lead to many accidental arson poisonings.
598 wordsRead More - Arsenic Essayexplanatory essayA huge fascination of arsenic started in the 19th century when people got word of a province in southeastern Austria where people ate arsenic. Women would eat arsenic to help gain weight and fix their complexion to look more beautiful and men would eat arsenic because they believed it helped them breath easier when they were climbing high up in the mountains. One doctor by the name of Dr. Robert Craig MacLagan, was particularly interested in this and visited the town to see for himself what was really occurring. He observed the people and tested their urine to prove that they have been indeed ingesting arsenic. He wrote about the things he witnessed in the Edinburgh Medical Journal. The men in the town would eat 6 grains/dose at least twice a week, sometimes eating it on their bread or just drinking it with their water. As a result many Victorians began self-medicating themselves with arsenic.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the fascination with arsenic started in the 19th century when people got word of a province in southeastern austria where people ate it to gain weight and fix their complexion to look more beautiful. dr. maclagan visited the town to see for himself what was happening.
- Explains that the first limit was set on arsenic levels in drinking water to 50 g/l in 1942. the epa did not officially acknowledge this standard until 1975.
- Explains that arsenic is the 20th most common element in the earth’s crust and can be found naturally in our environment.
- Explains that arsenic was used as an insecticide against colorado potato beetles and mosquitos, and later as a pesticide for apple and cherry orchards.
- Explains that arsenic can be found in our environment as a result of its uses in industry and other products throughout the years.
- Explains that arsenic can be absorbed by inhalation, ingestion, and absorption through skin. it has discreet symptoms that resemble other diseases, but there are ways to detect it.
- Explains that urine, blood, hair and nails can be used to test for arsenic poisoning. chronic and acute poisons can have levels of 0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg.
- Explains that inorganic arsenic is lethal to humans when exposed to 0.6 mg/kg/day. taking folic acid supplements helps prevent the poisoning.
- Explains that there are various methods available for the removal of arsenic from drinking water with processes like precipitation or ion exchange. the stevens technology involves mixing a powder with iron sulfate and calcium hypochlorite with water and filtered it
- Explains that certain forms of arsenic are cytotoxic, with trivalent and pentavalent forms inhibiting sulfhydryl-containing enzymes and the integration of nucleotides.
- Explains that the absorption of an arsenic-containing compound depends on the pka value, so when the compounds are negatively charged they are absorbed and toxicity is decreased.
- Explains that arsenate can be absorbed, metabolized, and excreted in a hepatocyte.
2066 wordsRead More - Gold Essayexplanatory essay1.1 Introduction Known as ‘Au’ in chemistry, which derived from Latin word ‘Aurum’, gold is one of the commonly used metals in the world. Gold is one of the most popular metals to be used as an investment. Gold has caught the attention of many investors from all over the world that valued gold as a hedge against economic crisis. Physically, gold is a glamorous yellow metal that usually worn by woman as jewelry. In terms of chemical, gold can resist corrosion and in fact, can be easily oxidized.
In this essay, the author
- Explains the best parameter estimation method of geometric brownian motion model of gold share price.
- Explains that gold is one of the most popular metals to be used as an investment.
- Explains that gold is used as a means of diversification of foreign exchange rate risk. a gold share price is influenced by us dollar and economy of the world.
- Explains that gold share price plays an important role in economy. larger gold companies are safer and better bets when buying gold stocks.
- Explains the geometric brownian motion model used in this study. historical and discrete method is used to estimate the parameters of the gbm model.
- Opines that by carrying out this study, it provides a more realistic representation of the observed data. researchers, mathematicians, invertors, consumers, and companies will benefit from the study.
1201 wordsRead More - Arsenic Essayexplanatory essayTITLE A a. Review the effects of arsenic as a soil pollutant on human health. You need to consider the major sources of arsenic (both natural & man-made), pathways for uptake by people and the impacts on human health. Soil pollution due to Arsenic (As) has been grabbed much attention in recent years due to its intimidation to human health and unfavorable effects on the growth of animals and plants (Duker et al , 2005; Williams et al., 2005).
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes the effects of arsenic as a soil pollutant on human health.
- Explains that arsenic is a lethal metalloid found in rocks, sediments, water, soil and air. it enters terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems through natural processes such as volcanism, process of weathering, and biological activity.
- Explains that high concentrations of arsenic originate from the mineral deposits, particularly those with sulphide minerals. the weathering processes of profuse tailings might lead to regional and local pollution.
- States that the u.s. geological survey has mapped arsenic distribution in soils in the united states.
- Explains that the primary ways of arsenic entry into the human body are via inhalation and ingestion.
- Explains that the amount of arsenic that enters the human body depends on how much is swallowed and the kind.
- Explains that crops and vegetables grown in arsenic polluted soils may be a potential risk to human health.
- Explains that scientists use several tests to defend the public from harmful effects of arsenic and to discover ways for curing persons who have been debilitated.
- Explains that long-term oral exposure to inorganic arsenic can cause skin alteration and skin cancer.
- Explains that inhaling high levels of inorganic arsenic rich dust particles causes sore throat and lungs irritation. longer exposure at lower concentrations can direct to skin infections and circulatory and peripheral nervous disorders.
- Opines that direct contact of skin with the high concentration of inorganic arsenic present in the soil may cause skin irritation with swelling and redness, but it does not appear that the direct skin contact may lead to any serious internal infections.
- Explains that most organic arsenic compounds are less lethal than inorganic forms. in animals, intake of methyl compounds can result in diarrhea, and lifetime disclosure can damage the kidneys.
1135 wordsRead More - Leadbelly Essayanalytical essayHuddie William Ledbetter also known as "Leadbelly" was an American folk singer and blues musical, most famous for his strong prominent vocals and his ability to play thetwelve-string guitar. Leadbellys astounding ability to play the guitar combined with his personal life experiences provided the foundation for his musical career. He also wrote about mainstream culture and black culture in general to express feelings of anger, sadness, and expose the wrongdoings of American society against blacks.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that huddie william ledbetter, also known as "leadbelly", was an american folk singer and blues musical, most famous for his strong prominent vocals and his ability to play the twelve-string guitar.
- Explains that leadbelly was affected by alcoholism and violent temper that often led him into trouble. in 1915, he was convicted of illegally carrying an unauthorized firearm.
- Analyzes how leadbelly wrote songs about lynching among blacks to express the recounting of the black species experiences as called by alice walker.
- Explains that leadbelly's lyrics were often inspired by life events that affected him personally. the titanic was his first song composed by him on the 12 string guitar.
851 wordsRead More