HEAT TREATMENT OF COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS
COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS:
Copper and copper alloys are widely used in many products that are used in our everyday life. They have excellent properties such as electrical and thermal conductivity good strength. They have high corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance. Copper is a non-magnetic material. Pure Copper is soft and used widely in wires and cables and is extensively used for passage of electricity.
The final products of copper and copper alloys are wires, cables, and the following
1.Copper wire
2.Copper Bar
3.Copper Sheet
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Source: http://www.antimicrobialcopper.com/media/330138/hutmen-rod.jpg
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Reference: http://www.windsun.com/pictures/copper_wire.jpg
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Source: http://www.onlinemetals.com/prodimg/cusheet.jpg
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They also have corrosion resistance which make copper a unique and ideal for making electric components. They can be joined very easily by common methods such as soldering welding brazing bolting riveting. The plumbing applications give examples of soldering and riveting. Copper and copper alloys are used in many environmental conditions because of resistance to corrosion. They corrode very negligible amount. They provide applications for indoor and outdoor architecture components and plumbing fixtures.
There are numerous alloys of copper. Copper alloys are used mainly in solar collectors, heat exchangers, automotive radiators. They are also used in killing bacteria because they have inherent ability to kill 99.9 percent bacteria. They have high densities than steels.
1. Brass is alloy of copper which consists of 65%copper and 35%zinc.There are various types of brasses such as alpha brass beta and gamma brasses and their combination. These exhibit ductility and fine strength
Metal alloys and precious metals are also used to make certain aspects of a cochlear implant. The electrode arrays that provide electrical stimulation in order to excite neurons are made out of platinum because they have very high corrosion resistance, good biocompatibility, easier to work with than iridium and have low chemical reactivity. On the other hand, metallic alloys like titanium are used to make the casing for the receiver/stimulator. Titanium is suitable for such an application because it is a light material with high corrosion resistance and rigidity and these properties are essential for the material that is going to be used to make the casing (Stöverl and Lenarz, 2009).
A wide variety of coating alloys and wrought alloys can be prepared that give the metal greater strength, castability, or resistance to corrosion or high temperatures. Some new alloys can be used as armor plate for tanks, personnel carriers, and other military vehicles.
These include, high strength, low weight, high chemical resistance and high cut resistance. This material does not corrode or rust and is also unaffected when placed in or under water.
Pounding metal and fabricating metal in thin sheets and sections that humans need or want has a long history. The discovery of how to make and control fire made extracting metals form or more efficient instead of having to find almost pure nuggets of metal. In many civilizations copper was the metal they used but that was succeeded by bronze eventually it is made of copper and tin.
The primary reason to consider copper roofing for your home is that it can help you save money on your cooling costs, which is extremely beneficial if you live in an area that is extremely hot or if you simply like to keep your house a bit cooler throughout the year. Now, copper roofing can help you save this money because of the way that it reflects sunlight during the day. Since the copper roof does not actually absorb the sunlight, it will not heat up as much
Since all metals have different densities and makeups I think that the heat capacity will greatly vary. The makeup of iron is very different than aluminum so the heat capacity will be quite different. Also, a lot of metals are not completely pure and that will also have some effect on the heat capacity.
Primarily their corrosion resistance, high strength and ductility, and high chromium content characterize stainless steels. They are called stainless because in the presence of oxygen (air) they develop a thin, hard adherent film of chromium oxide that protects the metal from corrosion (passivation). This protective film builds up again in the event that the surface is scratched.
Stainless steel is a type of alloy that has a very strong lattice structure (an arrangement/ shape of the crystals or other objects) which in some case can be more beneficial than others depending on the type of application it may be used for. In many cases this structure will make the material more suited to being used in engineering applications such as tools for instance a hammer (stainless steel alloys) , also they can be used for gears, engines, electrical motors and hydraulic systems because the structure makes the material so strong. So when the arrangement of the structure is as above it makes the overall material even stronger which makes it a good for all the applications stated above. I believe its strength and durability are its main properties as these are commonly needed in the engineering industry, although it is also very well known to be used for its corrosion resistance as it is resistant to many types of corrosion. It is used for these properties because the components such as gears need to be strong in order to keep transferring and altering the rotary motion and torque exhibited in the machine that it may be used in, durable to withstand any loads or pressure put onto it and also corrosion resistance to give the components a bigger life span and increase its rate of work throughout its required use.
Aluminum is one of a number of soft metals that scientists call "poor" metals. It can be shaped and twisted into any form. It can be rolled into thick plates for armored tanks or into thin foil for chewing gum wrappers. It may be drawn into a wire or made into cans. Aluminum is a generally popular metal because it does not rust and it resists wear from weather and chemicals. (Bowman, 391) Aluminum is an element. Its atomic number is thirteen and its atomic weight is usually twenty-seven. Pure aluminum melts at 660.2ºC and boils at 2500ºC. Its density is 2.7 grams per cube centimeter. Aluminum is never found uncombined in nature. (Bowman, 391) Aluminum is a very useful metal that is light, easy to shape and can be strong. This makes aluminum one of the most used metals in the world, right behind iron and steel. (Geary, 185) In its pure state, aluminum is quite weak compared to the other metals. However, its strength can be greatly increased by adding small amounts of alloying elements, heat-treating, or cold working. Only a small percentage of aluminum is used in its pure form. It is made into such items as electrical conductors, jewelry, and decorative trim for alliances and cars. A combination of the three techniques has produced aluminum alloys that, pound for pound, are stronger than structural steel. Some common metals used in alloys for aluminum are copper, magnesium and zinc.(Walker, 31) The added elements give the aluminum strength and other properties. (Newmark, 41) Aluminum is one of the lightest metals. It weighs about 168.5 pounds per cubic foot, about a third as much as steel which weighs 487 pounds per cubic foot. (Neely, 214) As a result, aluminum has replaced steel for many uses. For example, some ...
Aluminum is a silvery-white metal which is a chemical element of boron group represented by symbol Al and have atomic number 13. It has soft ductile nature. Aluminum is abundantly available (third most abundant element). It makes about 8% of the total mass of earth crust. It is very chemically reactive and present with the combination of 270 different minerals. Previously it was produced in 1924 for the first time. Bauxite is the chief ore of aluminum. Aluminum is famous because of its low density and its ability to resist corrosion by using the phenomena of passivation. Alumina is an integral part of an aerospace industry, electrical engineering, and transportation with its other alloys. It is also used in building and window
Metals are currently in high demand by society. A high percentage of common everyday items you use and see utilises a form of metal. That wooden table in a common kitchen that looks like it is made completely of wood. Metals are still used in that "completely wooden table" as the screws used to hold it together are made of metals. Many commonly used metals such as iron, aluminium, and/or copper are all found from ores. An ore is a mixture in the form of a rock that is mined. For example, bauxite is an ore that contains a high percentage of pure aluminium. That pure aluminium is then extracted, refined, and crafted in to many everyday items such as cars, foil, and ladders. Chemists are continuously researching an innovative approach to extract and refine pure metals from ores while using fewer amounts of energy. Society's requirement of metals is increasing by the year as science and technology advances.
of Copper Sulphate. To do this I plan to work out the amount of water
Protection of metallic zinc by either hot-dip galvanizing or electroplating, Zinc is traditionally used because it is cheap, adheres well to steel, and provides cathodic protection to the steel surface in case of damage of the zinc layer. In more corrosive environments (such as salt water), cadmium plating is preferred. Galvanization often fails at seams, holes, and joints where there are gaps in the coating. In these cases, the coating still provides some partial cathodic protection to iron, by acting as a galvanic anode and corroding itself instead of the underlying protected metal. The protective zinc layer is consumed by this action, and thus galvanization provides protection only for a limited period of time.