Introduction
European cities experienced a rapid development in early 20th century. With the increase in modernization, the city starts to lose control in usage of buildings and population growth. Without proper urban planning, social and economic conditions were greatly impacted. Contemporary city is ideated to improve efficiency in movements and spaces. In the 1960s, many Singaporeans moved from squatter settlements and villages to the first high-rise flats built by the Housing Development Board. Since then, Singapore social housing has been on the rise. Over the years, better-designed flats have been built to meet the changing preferences and needs, but functionality and affordability continue to be emphasized. With distinct urban planning,
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Through the absence of supporting walls, a place is portrayed as unrestricted. This not only maximizes space usage, but provides a sense of openness. Similarly, social housing in Singapore implemented void decks, mostly situated on the ground level. This deck acts as a substitute of open spaces in the olden days of Kampongs and squatter settlements. Inspired by them, void decks are hence designed with large areas and open to surrounding nature. In addition, they are engineered for its social role by providing a communal space for community bonding. With this, large variety of activities including commercial uses as kindergartens, nurseries, and residential uses are accommodated. This gives emphasis on the importance of having a continuity of open spaces, allowing communal gathering and social interaction to take place. Thus, improving interaction and spirit, bringing quality social …show more content…
This abundance elevated greens will not only provide residents with ample sunlight, but maximize vistas across buildings. Likewise, Singapore social housing is conceived to be “Community in a Garden”. The community garden comes about with three distinctive perceptions. Starting off is the concept of garden courtyards, whereby low and high-rise residential blocks are being pulled apart. By doing so, it not only creates pockets of intimate and semi-public greens but increases wind flow into apartments. Seating areas are also part of the design, which serves as rest points for residents to sit and communicate. Secondly, the design of green canyon. Inspired by the nature canyon rock wall, it aims to create green facade for the residential blocks. The intention is to culminate green recreational space between blocks and form parts of green tapestry. Lastly, the elevated roof garden links. Landscaped decks are connected by sky linkways, whereby it is extended to neighbouring housing precincts. Hence, providing them with safe and convenient
Situated on the banks of river Thames, London is spread over an urban area of 1737.9 sq. km., having a population of 8,630,000 and density of 5490 ppl/sq.km. (Wikipedia (2011) Greater London Built-up Area. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_London_Built-up_Area [Accessed 11 September 2015]). It has developed into a global city which has strengthened its base into almost all the sectors ranging from arts and commerce to tourism and transport.
In the early 1990’s the crime rate in New York City was astronomical. Every category including the eight nature index crimes were all on the rise if not extremely high already. Mayor Giuliani a former federal United States prosecutor was elected into office and brought with him a reputation of viciousness against crime. His campaigns lead to the appointment of Commissioner William Joseph Bratton to hold the position of police commissioner of New York City. Giuliani learnt of Bratton’s amazing crime reduction plan that helped reduce crime in two other cities. He requested him for the position as police commissioner for New York City and was appointed in 1990. Bratton had previously helped establish an innovative policing program in Boston Back Bay neighborhood and Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority. Using the same approach he would attempt to reorganize and help the New
Homes are normally based on a solitary level with an edge rooftop. Houses in the more swarmed urban communities frequently have two or more stories and mirror an European impact. A great many people lived in single-family homes until the relocation to urban focuses in the late 1940’s and mid 1950’s. The requirement for satisfactory lodging induced the legislature to put resources into high-masses of open lodging activities amid the mid 1950’s. In the poorer territories, huge families live in little houses developed from ash squares and secured with an adobe made of mud, bovine compost, and
Since the Environmental Movement, traditional land art evolved, on one hand, to climate art, and on the other, influenced landform building. “The principles of landform building,” according to architect and theorist Stan Allen, “offer a new lens with which to reexamine phenomena as diverse as the megastructure of the 1960s, the current fascination with green building, artificial ski slopes, or the vast multi-use stadia being constructed today.” These principles include the inhabitation of the landscape, which much of contemporary architecture has incorporated into its design. However unlike land art’s wild terrains, such as the salt lake of Spiral Jetty or the vast desert of Double Negative, contemporary architecture has incorporated principles of land art into densely populated urban typology, of which the following two projects serve as significant examples.
With such industrialization and the grit and grime of the city life, city planners decided that more “green space” was needed in the most centralized locations. This included small parks, ornate flower gardens, planting of trees, and lush vegetation. These areas of supposed relaxation and tranquility were highly controlled, though, and were illusions of the rural lifestyle, designed to distract citizens from dirty life and allow them to practice good manners and remain solitary.
Growing up in the Bay Area next to San Francisco ha slead me to become fascinated by the complexity of the cities of the world and how they affect so many people. I love the idea that these cities were all planned and thought up of by individuals working together for a larger goal. The planning of cities affects all its inhabitants in ways that they probably do not even realize which makes these plans and the planning process even more compelling. I am also interested in what makes cities unique. Cities are all made up of roughly the same things: blocks, big buildings, parks, cars, and people. Even though the basic elements of cities are the same they all still have there own unique character. I think one of the most distinguishing factors of cities is how they were designed to accommodate certain needs of their inhabitants outside of where they live or work. Cities can easily be overwhelming or a harsh place to live, which is why certain areas need to be set aside to offer some kind of escape. In addition to being a place to withdraw, parks and recreational areas can be a distinguishing characteristic of a city. In San Francisco, the Golden Gate Park, Union square, the Presidio, the wharfs and many other areas set it apart from all of the other cities of the United States and the world. How the planners of San Francisco thought about the areas that the inhabitants needed outside of work and home helps give it its individuality as a major city. Just like how someone must plan all cities, people planned all the parks and recreational areas of cities that have such a widespread effect. By looking at Fredrick Law Olmsted and the Urban Design and Social Context approach he represents, one can learn more about landscape architecture in...
...nd and buildings, those particular classes and groups in the capitalist system is mainly through control of these spaces feature to shape and influence the shape and organization of urban space.” It's like urban design and the use of space in Hong Kong, mainly by the government to play the role of planners to develop policies and direction, re- organization of urban space , to make "every urban space being misused, back up valuable space." establish minds think for people to meet planners use city. However, planners often ignore or deny the use of urban space by practical considerations, especially in the urban renewal project, the land was divided and re-use, along with shopping malls, commercial or residential with landmark buildings, etc. completed properties, which is becoming gentrified and "gentrification" of the problem mansion up reconstruction projects led.
An attention on informal settlements has, notwithstanding, been condemned as resuscitating pilgrim chains of command, portraying whole urban areas as far as need and rendering them never-endingly inferior compared to urban communities in the West (Varley, n.d). In Cairo, a great many individuals live with just the most essential state of settlement: uncovered haven (Tonkiss, 2013). Regardless of whether they are managed by unequivocal or lawful guidelines, socio-spatial practices and types of human settlement are dependably methods of social request. To be sure, the implied rules, social standards, social tradition and routine practices can be significantly more viable in arranging conduct and requesting social spaces that can lawful codes. On the West Bank and in East Jerusalem, over a large portion of a million Israeli pilgrims live in houses based on domain unlawfully possessed under the terms of the Fourth Geneva Convention (Tonkiss, 2013). In West London, a previous military sleeping enclosure is redeveloped as the city's most costly private site (Tonkiss, 2013). Urban informality has been the subject of reestablished consideration as of late, with a resurgence of enthusiasm for informal lodging zones from planners and urbanists. Informality has been a basic scope of investigation for
Shatkin, G. (January 01, 2014). Reinterpreting the Meaning of the ‘Singapore Model’: State Capitalism and Urban Planning. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 38, 1, 116-137.
When urban planners sit at a table, and they are deciding what actions to take, they look at location as a primary source for putting cities together, with the development of houses, industries, and places for market goods to be sold while always trying to increase the supply and demand. In order to get from one place to the next, transportation methods were created to combat city growth and create valuable mechanisms of transporting goods and services within a market. Individuals determined to make things work within a given city constantly recreate, and challenge the laws of nature to make it fit their vision, because entrepuners want to bring character to cities by making them viable places to reside, consequences such as poverty , death, and poorly developed cities arose. Urban planning for city development is a constant battle between losers in winners in the struggle to manage population growth and the need for its current and future sustainability.
If you feel observed on the balcony of not only people, but also neighbors, creates a private seating area with a plant construction that protects from curious glances from the same height. Combined with a colorful fence bring the hedge garden feeling on the urban balcony.
In Ernest W. Burgess’s “The Growth of the City: An Introduction to a Research Project,” (1925), the author delves deep into the processes that go into the construction of a modern city or urban environment. Burgess lists its following qualities: skyscrapers, the department store, the newspaper, shopping malls, etc. (p. 154). Burgess also includes social work as being part of a modern urban environment. This is supported by his construction model based on concentric circles that divided Chicago into five zones. The first was called a center loop meant for a business district. Secondly, there was an area for business and light manufacture. Third, there was a “zone for working men’s homes” (p. 156). The fourth is the residential area of high-class apartment buildings. The fifth is where suburban houses are located.
New Urbanism, a burgeoning genre of architecture and city planning, is a movement that has come about only in the past decade. This movement is a response to the proliferation of conventional suburban development (CSD), the most popular form of suburban expansion that has taken place since World War II. Wrote Robert Steuteville, "Lacking a town center or pedestrian scale, CSD spreads out to consume large areas of countryside even as population grows relatively slowly. Automobile use per capita has soared, because a motor vehicle is required for nearly all human transportation"1. New Urbanism, therefore, represents the converse of this planning ideology. It stresses traditional planning, including multi-purpose zoning, accessible public space, narrow street grids for easy pedestrian usage and better placement of community buildings. Only a few hundred American communities are utilizing this method of planning, but the impact is quickly growing in an infant field dominated by a few influential architects and engineers.
This Sustainable Architecture began long ago with scientists brainstorming and designing a new design for an eco-home that’s liable on decreasing massive numbers of en...
To initiate community development and urban development strategies it takes a whole community to become involved in the implementation of designing areas within the city that are being used by residents and tourists. When it comes to the planning it would take a group that consists of people who reside in the area as well as people who are from the outside to give a diverse perspective of how they would visualize certain areas to be designed and presented in a way where everyone can have access to it and at the same time appreciate it. The articles I will be presenting in this provides a comprehension of how a city park can be accessible by everyone hence sustainable development. Sustainable development is a term which combines urban planning and community development to make the city livable, pleasant and attractive for its citizens and tourists as well. (Chiesura, A. 2004)