Consequentialism Vs Utilitarianism Essay

This part will introduce consequentialism and deontology, and their sub-theories which are egoism, utilitarianism, and kantianism. consequentialism is contrast to deontology. Because, consequentialists make judgements only on the consequences of the action, while deontologists are only concentrate on the actions themselves. Egoism and utilitarianism belong to consequentialism. Both of them reliance on consequences to make judgement. Egoism gives concern to self-interest, while utilitarianism focuses on the overall good. The most famous deontology is kantianism which was established by Prussian philosopher Immanuel Kant. we are going to examine these theories separately.

Egoism is a ethical theory about self-interest. Egoists argue that everyone

The word deontology comes from "deontos" which means "what must be done", or "obligation" or "Duty". Immanuel Kant is the foremost deontologist. His philosophy system is called kantianism. For Kant, people should avoid inclination and desire actions. but actual, the precious statement is that if you are acting merely from inclination or desire, you are not acting morally act at all (Van den Berge, & Caspers, 2015). Because Kant thought only animals act out of inclinations only. And the difference between human and animal is that human could control desires and inclinations or even act against them. To be more specific, there are two capabilities animals do not have: 1) the ability to choose between alternative means or ways to achieve goals to which we are inclined; 2) the freedom to set aside those goals or inclinations and act of a higher motive. Kant thought that animals do have freedom, such as spiders must set the web. If spiders could act morally, probably they could innovate guns something like that to go hunting. Spiders have no choice, but humans do. Thus, to judge an action is moral or not is to figure out whether the action is to fulfill inclinations or duties. Only if the actions are taken out of duties, they are