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Qualitative Research Approach and What it Entails
Introduction on qualitative and quantitative research
Introduction on qualitative and quantitative research
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Congestion is defined as the increase in the number of vehicle joining s traffic stream, the travel times of all driver making journeys are increased resulting in delay to all. (Hau, 1992) state that major conurbation of both developed and developing countries, congestion is incessant during the peak period and often time for inter-peak. He further emphasize that “as more and more vehicle join traffic stream, the travel times of all motorist making trips are raised resulting in delay to all its normal by excess demand.” Congestion is normally caused by weakness and incompetent use of the road. Hau shows that if a road authority levies economically efficient charges for Congestion, it is possible to make money on a road can be profitable in urban areas in the long run because land rents are much high. Some of those implications of congestion in town involve: 1. working force cost. (Weisbrod,Vary&Trezy 2001) state that Congestion serve to increase business cost of obtaining employees and limits the effective size of the labor market . So change in congestion will not only affect th...
Various aspects of traffic congestion in Toronto have been analyzed in detail. It is clear that Toronto is facing a serious problem of traffic congestion since it is the most congested city in North America. Traffic congestion in Toronto costs over $ 2 billion annually and it is caused by a variety of factors. These factors are categorized into non-recurring and recurring factors. However, the paper focused on recurring factors which contribute to the largest proportion of traffic congestion in Canada. These include increased automobile use, poor planning and lapse in implementation of laws which govern traffic systems. This leads to the use of many private cars by employees who commute to work as opposed to use of public transport systems resulting in congestion. Traffic congestion in Toronto has various adverse effects including barriers to emergency services, delays, idle time and opportunity costs as well as pollution.
However, those solutions are very expensive and require years to complete. Even though an increase in building more freeways will create less traffic, it requires a lot of work and money, which raises taxes on people’s salaries. A proposal to build a freeway tunnel that connects to the SR 710 in Los Angeles, CA to reduce traffic will cost approximately $1.5 billion (Analysis). Not only is the price outrageous, but also building a freeway means that many surrounding families will be affected because houses and business will have to be knocked down to create space. Public transportation’s cost is also high due to facility costs, external costs, such as accidents, and operating costs (Evaluating). Encouraging individuals to use public transportation is inconvenient because buses may go different routes from their desired destination, which causes people to walk for minutes or even hours. Public transportation can be effective for cities in the east coast like New York, where most of their businesses are close to each other. However, the case is different for the community living or working in the west because everything is separated, especially in Los Angeles
The daily stress of driving in traffic has increased due to more road construction projects. The drivers must slow down to merge into one lane or come to a complete stop due to heavy traffic. Aggressive drivers add to the trouble by using excessive speeds to merge at the last minute. More rear-end collisions occur because drivers don't like people cutting in front of them, so they follow too closely behind the vehicle ahead of them. Also, traffic jams cost the average city $900 million in lost work time and wasted fuel every year according to a Newswise article. In 2002, the urban traveler was stuck in traffic 46 hours a year. In large cities, 61-73 hours per year were lost to snarled traffic jams. In 54 urban areas, traffic jams increased 30 percent faster than roads could be built to alleviate them. The problem has worsened over the past decade in small, medium, and large cities according to the annual Urban Mobility Report.
Pipeline Transportation is a massive mode of transportation for over one hundred countries around the world. As of 2014, there is approximately 2,175,000 miles of pipeline, enough to wrap around the Earth 87 times. Of those millions of miles, 64% of the world’s pipeline is in the United States alone. Pipelines are mostly used for the transportation of both crude and refined petroleum, fuels such as oil, natural gas, and biofuels, and other fluids like water and sewage. Even alcohol is sometimes transported using pipelines. Pipelines are used all around us. Miles of them are running continuously below our feet on a daily basis. The creation of pipeline transportation has been an incredibly help to society both directly and indirectly.
system analysis. The load flow problem can be defined as: Given the load power consumption at all buses of a known electric power system configuration and the power
Think of three things that irritate you the most. Surely traffic has got to be one of them. Road construction just happens to be the main cause for traffic. To add on, road construction seems to usually take place in the busiest roads at the busiest times. In the article “Effects of Street Pattern, Traffic, Road Infrastructure, Socioeconomic and Demographic characteristics on Public Transit Ridership.” by Mosabbir Pasha, he talks about travel demand increasing in many countries. In other words, there is more traffic happening all over the world. I come from Goshen, Indiana which is a small town. However, road construction is a huge issue there that still has not been resolved for many years. Road construction is not the main problem, the delays
Traffic engineers and planners need information about traffic. They need information to design and manage road and traffic system. They use the information for planning and designing traffic facilities, selecting geometric standards, economic analysis and determination of priorities. They use this to justify warrant of traffic control devices such as signs, traffic signals, pavement markings, school and pedestrian crossings. The also use this information to study the effectiveness of introduced schemes, diagnosing given situations and finding appropriate solutions, forecasting the effects of projected strategies, calibrating and validating traffic models.
Traffic jam is one of the most serious problems of urbanization, almost all the modern cities are facing different levels of traffic jam problems. In general, people can ease the traffic jam and not compromise the quality of life by a policy of sustainable development in two aspects including formulating a more efficient transport pattern and changing the urban construction.
Hoboken NJ: Wiley, 2009. Web. Dodson, Edward N. "Cost-Effectiveness in Urban Transportation. " Operations research 17.3 (1969): 373-94.
The development of every nation hinges on the effectiveness of their transportation systems. Movement of goods, services and people to and from locations is made possible by transportation systems. The importance of effective transportation systems cannot be over-emphasized. Many countries face transportation problems and my country Ghana is no exception. A trip of about 30 minutes usually takes about an hour or more due to traffic jams. This is seriously impacting productivity and has become a topical issue in the country. The situation is the same in Uganda where I currently work. To this end, Transportation Engineers are needed to design roads/ highways that will stand the test of time, plan effective traffic management systems to reduce
Car pollutants cause immediate and long-term effects on the environment. Car exhausts emit a wide range of gases and solid matter, causing global warming, acid rain, and harming the environment and human health. Engine noise and fuel spills also cause pollution. Cars, trucks and other forms of transportation are the single largest contributor to air pollution in the United States, but car owners can reduce their vehicle's effects on the environment. Car pollution is one of the major causes of global warming. Cars and trucks emit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which contribute one-fifth of the United States' total global warming pollution. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, which causes worldwide temperatures to rise.
Traffic jam is a condition on the transport networks which occurs as use hike, and is represented by slower speeds; longer journey times, and increased the vehicular queuing. The most common mode; is the physical usage of the roads by the transport services.
Congestion slows life down by causing massive delays, eating away at valuable time and productivity. This has become a major issue because people are stuck in traffic when they do not need to be and conditions will only continue to get worse without government intervention. Many solutions have been offered and discussed, but few have been implemented. This paper will serve to outline the economic theory behind traffic congestion, alternative policy options there are for dealing with traffic congestion, and ultimately what the best strategy is to solve this problem. The solution I propose is to price the highways accurately to achieve the optimum number of vehicles on the road.
The development of urban transportation has not changed with the cities; cities have changed with transportation. This chapter offers an insight into the Past and the future of Urban transportation and is split up into a number of different sections. It includes a timeline of the different forms of transport innovations, starting from the earliest stages of urban transport, dating back to the omnibus (the first type of urban transportation) and working in a chronological order until eventually reaching the automobile. However, these changes in Urban transport did not happen for no reason. Different factors within society meant urban transport needed to evolve; points will be made on why society needed this evolution. In contrast I will observe the problems urban transport has caused in society as a result of its rapid progression. Taking account of both arguments for the evolution of urban transport, I will look at where it will go in the future.
This paper aims at providing more information concerning the different modes of transport, their characteristics and also the comparison of these modes with one another in an effort to establish the best mode of transport for specific commodities. The paper also takes into consideration the various factors affecting the transport sector; such as cost of transportation, flexibility, time factor and reliability. Transport refers to the process that enables physical movement of goods and people from on area to another. Transport is very important in the sense that it ensures availability of raw materials to manufactures, producers and also to construction sites (Clifford Winston,?2010). It makes sure that goods are available