3.1 Concept of Jalswarjya schemes and its existing nature –
Jalswarajya is the concept of rural development.Since July 2000; Government of Maharashtra has adopted a demand driven and participatory approach in solving rural drinking water and Sanitation sector problems. There is overwhelming response by the rural masses of the State to this new policy, “Rural development” means the change of economical, social, cultural, political etc. So the concept of rural change is related to rural development. Here the concept of rural development and the concept of rural change is the same concept. The Government for the purpose of rural development launches every scheme or Project. The concept of rural development seems to be changed significantly over the time. The concept of rural development has changed significantly during the last three decades. Until the 1970s, rural development was synonymous with
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3.2 Visualisation of Process followed in planning and execution To initiate the process of village selection for schemes, the Jalswarajya Project staff sends a letter to every GP in the selected Project areas, including the requirements for acceptance and how to apply. It also puts advertisements in the newspaper so that communities can approach independently. Communities, through their GP, apply to be shortlisted for inclusion in the Project.All villages willing to accept the Project rules receive a scheme unless the number applying in that particular area is greater than the number the Project can support. If this is the case,
The villages are selected based on the following criteria:
• Quantity and quality of available water and state of existing water
The biggest factor impacting Rural Australia has been the changes to the economic viability of primary production, one of the largest sources of income for Australia (Australian Government, 2008), affected by globalization, deregulation, privatisation and reduction/withdrawal of services, rising production costs, and ever present unpredictable environmental conditions (Australian Catholic Social Welfare Commission Secretariat, 2000).
Our nation was founded on agriculture, and for hundreds of years we were able to migrate across the nation bringing our farming tools and techniques with us. Technology has driven populations away from rural areas towards industrialized cities. With money now being pumped into cities, rural farmers are suffering the most. Farmers are taking out large loans in order to sustain their farms, leading to debt and in some cases suicide. Patel spoke about a farmer in India whose husband took his life because he was unable to live with the amount of debt from his struggling farm. This man left his wife and chi...
McDonald, M., & Brown, K. (2000). Soil and water conservation projects and rural livelihoods: options for design and research to enhance adoption adaptation. Land Degradation and Development, Vol. 11 Number 4
One of the few economic development strategies that remained was the acceptance of generally undesirable industries and facilities to create jobs. Samara suggests that rural communities were “priced out of contests to attract manufacturers, as local development agencies in more prosperous areas offer[ed] aggressive packages of tax breaks, cheap loans, free land and more” (27).
Zimmerman, Julie. "Rural Poverty: Myths and Realities." Rural Development News. Volume 21. Number 1. Mar. 1997. 4 Apr. 2001 http://www.ag.iastate.edu/centers/rdev/newsletter/mar97/rural.poverty.html.
India’s rural Bottom of Pyramid (BoP) market, which consists of approximately 700 million people, presents itself as a significant business opportunity with multinational corporations as well as for small and medium manufacturers and producers. While the revenue opportunity in this market has been predicted to be at almost the same levels as that of urban markets, success in this segment has remained more or less elusive, due to the prevalence of several BoP issues
In this paper I discuss several assigned articles with regard to the assumptions, focus, time and space contexts, stated purpose, and comparison between certain articles. Except for one article, all articles in this weekly reading are assumed to use post-structuralist paradigm. In their article, Lobao & Meyer (2001) encourage the readers to use combination of macro, meso, and micro approach in understanding agricultural transformation rather than only macro approach. For example, they urge the Human Ecology Theory (PEP), which is micro theory about individual’s adaptation to the dynamic of environment like population density, culture and technologies, and bio-physical environment. They criticize the PEP paradigm as heavily oriented in structural approach, neglecting the dynamic of socio-psychological factors of individual and social practices. For Lobao & Meyer, micro level of the household dynamic is crucial to understand the survival mechanism of the smallholder farmers to seek “strategic business behavior” (p. 112). Moreover, gender division, particularly with regard to the struggle of women in on-farm and off-farm activities is important. The Lobao and Meyer’s article also highlights the regional context of agri-related policies, such as agricultural loans which tend to be biased to certain ethnic groups, a fact that may be overlooked by the PEP. For comparison, Bernstein’s article is also in similar vein, in which he looks at the case of Green Revolution in India as not “resource neutral” (p. 61), by giving more access to the richer farmers to any program innovation packages (like credits, supply of inputs, and information). Lobao & Meyer’s article’s on famers’ action in politic to defend their interests ...
Prof Sukti Chakrabarti, “India’s Rural Market – The Fortune at the base of the Pyramid”: http://www.abesit.in/pdfs/success_through_excellence.pdf
The efforts for providing assistance to tourism infrastructure in rural areas including capacity building of rural inhabitants to ensure development of rural tourism products, which fall on the way to well-known tourist circuits in the country is being continued. As a responsible tourism initiative, 168 rural sites are being developed as rural tourism products.
Rural issues/Problems: The first problem that is seen in the rural population is poverty. . According to U.S. census Bureau app. Three quarter of America is classified as rural residents, in that three quarters 41 % of people in rural area live in poverty. Along with these rural inhabitants ages 20 to 39 reported higher levels of unemployment then those living in metropolitan’s areas during the first half of 2012 (Youth Today). These number show that as time goes on poverty will become more and more prevalent in that population. The main causes for poverty in the rural area is little to no income, high unemployment rates, less job opportunities, and lack of education( Poverty in Rural Areas). Some reason why poverty goes unnoticed in rural communities is it is not...
Chambers, R., and G.R. Conway, 1992. Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: Practical Concepts for 21 st Century. Institute of Development Studies Discussion Papers, 296, Cambridge.
Development Programmes are projects that are meant to address significant developmental challenges and opportunities arising from global trends, emergent policy issues, capacity limitations and problems in the communities. The aim being to enhance livelihoods and poverty reduction in some of the poorest communities. Knowledge, skills and experience are applied to bring about improvements in food security, sustainable agricultural productivity and natural resource management, market access and income generation, in a bid to improve livelihoods. 1
...earch and extension, rural infrastructure, and market access for small farmers. Rural investments have been sorely neglected in recent decades, and now is the time to reverse this trend. Farmers in many developing countries are operating in an environment of inadequate infrastructure like roads, electricity, and communications; poor soils; lack of storage and processing capacity; and little or no access to agricultural technologies that could increase their profits and improve their livelihoods. Recent unrest over food prices in a number of countries may tempt policymakers to put the interests of urban consumers over those of rural people, including farmers, but this approach would be shortsighted and counterproductive. Given the scale of investment needed, aid donors should also expand development assistance to agriculture, rural services, and science and technology.
As agriculture has become more intensive, farmers have become capable of producing higher yields using less labour and less land. Growth of the agriculture has not, however, been an unmixed blessing. It, like every other thing, has its pros and cons. Topsoil depletion, groundwater contamination, the decline of family farms, continued neglect of the living and working conditions for farm labourers, increasing costs of production, and the disintegration of economic and social conditions in rural communities. These are the cons of the new improved agriculture.
Due to rural-urban migration, there has been increasing levels of poverty and depopulation in rural areas. This is one of the reasons why the government has seen it as necessary and made it a priority to improve the lives of the people who live in rural areas. Rural development is about enabling people in the rural areas take charge of their destiny. This is through the use and management of the natural resources they are exposed to. This is a process through which people learn over time and they use this knowledge to adapt to the changing world. The purpose of rural development is to improve the lives of people living in the rural areas.