Most of the computer aided design programs that are used today in drafting may seem new to many people even though they have been in use for more than a decade. These programs trace their origin to about 50 years ago. The modern technology designs and drafting are viewed as a result of the sixteenth and seventeenth century development of the descriptive geometry. Most of the work aimed at developing computer aided drafting intensified in the post war era, with many people working at MIT on the numerical control of machine tools and automating drafting and designing. During the 1950s, all the drafting work was done using the hand. Even though all the drafting was completed, it often took a very long time to complete them. The process was equally tedious. Additionally, correcting errors committed during the drawing, even slight errors, would lead to demeaning effects on the drafts, sending the drafter back to the drawing board. However, Dr. Paul J. Hanratty invented a numerically controlled program in 1950, which allowed the use of computers to draw simple lines. Most designers embraced this technology and it produced better results compared to the initial use of hands to draw. During that time when Dr. Hanratty invented this program, the computers were very big; some even the size of a room. The computers were equally few. This led to little availability of the program to most drafters, and therefore its limited application. Nevertheless, this contribution to Computer Aided Drafting and Design has credited Dr. Hanratty as the Father of CADD. Research continued to develop more sufficient programs to ensure that drafters had an easier and shorter times preparing their designs, and with more accuracy. Researchers at MIT later develope... ... middle of paper ... ...e incorporation of analysis, improvements in modeling, and management of the created products have marked the modern computer aided designing era. The management of the created programs have included the engineering and conception as well as manufacturing of the products, their marketing and sales, and their eventual maintenance. It is believed that most of the work in computer aided designs have not changed, but have just updated their interfaces and added features to the programs. AutoCAD has been developed into the interfaces using the Macintosh, Windows and other available PC interfaces at affordable prices. Compared to the former years of drafting and design, drafting has become easier and efficient since the errors can be corrected without having to start anew. The costs of the programs and the computers are also affordable and are available off the shelves.
In prior generations, clothing were designed by hand. Today, designers have computer-aided design. This software allows them to view designs of clothing on virtual models of a numerous shapes and sizes. In all it's the most efficient garment designing process. It saves companies both time and resources. 3-D printed apparel revolutionizes the experience of buying clothes for the average consumer.
Lawson, Bryan. How Designers Think: The Design Process Demystified. 4th ed. Oxford: Architectural Press, 2006.
Lawson, Bryan. How Designers Think: The Design Process Demystified. NY: Architectural Press, 1980, 2007. Massachusetts: NECSI Knowledge Press, 2004.
As the concept evolved by early nineteen century manufactures had improved, so did the variety of materials and techniques used to create the difference of shapes that have historically ...
The most notable difference that computers have brought to the world of Model Train building is in software programming. Now on the market there are numerous different packages of software that enable hobbyist in the “challenge” of real yard operations on a smaller scale. These programs allow the person to move loads between depots and keep track of your revenues. They allow simulations of operational switches between tracks, multiple train operation, coupling/uncoupling of railcars. But the greatest benefit that they bring is allowing the person to design a layout using an electronic template and ensuring that all measurements in the layout will work before a single piece of track is laid. Many of these software programs even play off on the hype of using a computer for design in their name, with names of CyberTrack, The Right Track Software, and Design Your Own Railroad, who could not want to become involved in there use.
CAD – One factor that is often overlooked when introducing this type of process into the manufacturing industry is having personnel trained in the appropriate operational software, such as CAD. When a 2D CAD image is created of the desired design what needs to be kept in mind is that this will also involve calculating bend allowances, inclusion of half etch detail and scaling. To allow for the etching process an etching compensating factor has to be taken into account. This includes drawing the outside profile larger than the finished component size this means holes and slots should be smaller to compensate. The amount of adjustment is directly proportional to the thickness of the metal being processed.
Every single program will be able to create a virtual diagram and outline of the concept being implemented on the printer. Then the program divides the concept into digital ...
After completion of this step the architects use the surveying drawing to develop a working drawing for the building. In these drawing you will see triangles, rectangles, squares, arches and other geometry shapes and forms to create their design. The architects through our history have used these shapes to create famous structures all over the world. If you go back to Roman historical sites you will see such examples like the great Coliseum. A great example can be seen is the famous Egyptian pyramid. Some other famous structures are the Eiffel Tower which is in Italy, and Chrysler building in New York. If you look around your neighborhood houses, you will see these shapes.
Wicked Problems in Design Thinking Author(s): Richard Buchanan Source: Design Issues, Vol. 8, No. 2 (Spring, 1992), pp. 5-21 Published by: The MIT Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/
CAD-Computer Aided Design Computer Aided Design systems make it easy to create a picture of a new design, then you are able to change the picture on the computer. This saves time because you don’t have to re draw everything from the way it was originally started of with. It is also quicker to evaluate. There are many different types of CAD programs available to the industries and designers.
Digital fabrication is coming into the construction industry to create precisely crafted and complex buildings in response to the new competitive environment and construction market demands. Thanks to advanced technology, the good revolution can be seen in most industrial activities. Almost all of the industry sectors are trying to keep themselves up to date with new related innovation to boost their sustainable growth. However, unfortunately architects and construction engineers have been more conservative despite all of the massive global investment in the construction sector. This conservative trend was started many years after great prosperity and success in the other industries. As an example, in comparison with the more developed automotive industry, the construction industry has been weighing the pros and cons of doing automation, and it is still under development. Despite some limitations and lack of information over the 80’s and even 90’s, but the current status indicates good progress. Today, most of architectural design is no longer possible without computer technologies. The models have become more complex and require advanced tools to understand design codes and implement fabrication processes. It can be said, that the advanced automated tools with a user-friendly programming system can bring incredible solutions for architects and construction engineers. Many researchers have made significant studies to consider all possibilities and limitations of digital design-construction in various types of procedures.
The Whirlwind computer had a video display that was controlled interactively by a light gun. The display attracted users much more than computer code. The Whirlwind computer became the basis for SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment), a defense command-and-control system developed for the Air force. In the 1960s Ivan Sutherland’s MIT doctoral thesis introduced a Sketchpad interactive drawing system, which established the theoretical groundwork for computer graphics software (Machover 14). In the mid-1960s, computer graphics was booming in private industry. General Motors had released DAC-1 a computer-aided design system, and Itek developed the Digigraphics electronic drafting machine. By the late 1960s the first storage-tube display terminals appeared, shortly followed by direct-view storage tube display terminals (DVST) which cost thousands of dollars; however this was an improvement to the tens to hundreds of thousands spent initially for display systems. In the 1970s Turnkey systems emerged, beforehand users had to develop software to make their hardware work however turnkey systems provided a haven to users from software issues. Bit-mapped raster displays developed as memory...
Pisha, B., & Coyne, P. (2001). Smart from the start. The promise of universal design for
Machine tools are the machines which are used to provide special shape and form to the material by different machining operations. There are different kinds of machines tools that are available and can be used for different machining operation. In today’s era, productivity and accuracy are the two most important point of concern for any manufacturing industry. There are various natural and human made forms of error that reduces the machine accuracy which led to loss of productivity, efficiency, setup time and loss of money. [1]
The second way is by using computer aided drafting (CAD) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) programs on your computer.