Comparison of High and Low Similarity Verbal Learning Retention in College Students
Method
Participants
The participants were 1 white male and 1 black female ages 21 and 26, respectively. The male participant, who was tested with the High Similarity (HS) condition, knew four languages (Russian, Polish, French and English). The female participant, tested with the Low Similarity (LS) condition, knew two languages (English and French). Although both participants were college students, they varied in the number of years they had been in school, the male was an undergraduate junior and the female was working on her second bachelors. Both participants were honor students.
The final results for this experiment were all of the data pooled from the students in my experimental class. Each student contributed two additional participants to the experiment. These participants were 13 males and 13 females ranging in ages from 15 to 44 years olds (M = 25). Education ranged from 12 years to 23 years of school (M = 15.2). Half of these participants were given the HS task and the other half were given the LS task. As it turns out, the group given the HS task were older (M =27) and more educated (M =16.28) than the group that was given the LS task (M =23 years old and M =14.14 years of education).
Apparatus
Before the experiment, I prepared 11stimuli cards with one of the following nonsense syllable in each: FAP, ZET, KIB, XEL, ROF, GEV, LOZ, BEX, NAJ, WEM and PIV in that order. I prepared a second set of 11 cards I would later use only with the
Verbal Learning 3
participant doing the HS condition. These were paired words where on one side I wrote the pair of words and on the other side I only wrote the first ...
... middle of paper ...
... to have successfully completed 11 items recalled and then listed as having an 'x number' of trials to relearn the task. Obviously there is an error somewhere on the part of the experimenter, unfortunately that most likely had an effect on my results.
Verbal Learning 7
Verbal Learning 8
Figure Caption
Figure 1. Group data of error vs. item positioning
Figure 2. Learning curve for participant #1
Figure 3. Learning curve for participant #2
Figure 4. Learning curve for all 28 participants.
Figure 5. Frequency of participants in different types of occupations.
Bibliography:
References
Walker, JT. (1996). Verbal learning. The psychology of learning (pp212-231). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
The way the experiment was set it; the researches got college students to learn a list of foreign words that they have never seen before. They were given a bunch of words in Swahili-English words. The list contained 40 wor...
The task was indeed difficult and became a failure as it fomented distress among a few of the participants whose performance gradually deteriorated. Of the 6 participants, only 1 came close to reaching the criteria of the experiment (i.e., reciting the alphabets backwards in a maximum time of 10.4 seconds), with a ti...
Then there was a total of 30 Pixy Stix. The test subjects were each given 3 Pixy Stix and a paper that gave instructions and for them to record results. First, the test subjects recorded their mood 1-5. Next, they ate the Pixy Stix and waited 30 minutes. During those 30 minutes the test subjects did not consume any food. After the 30 minutes was up, the test subjects recorded their mood. The test subjects did this a total of 3 times to complete the 3 trials needed for the experimental group. For the control group, the same 10 test subjects were used. They recorded their mood 1-5 and waited 30 minutes. During this 30 minutes they did not consume anything at all. After the 30 minutes was up they, recorded their mood
Another confound that may impact the results of this study could be the testing effect. Repeated testing may lead to better or worse performance. Changes in performance on the test may be due to prior experience with the test and not to the independent variable. In addition, repeated testing fatigues the subjects, and their performance declines as a result (Jackson, 2012). Because the professor is interested in determining if the implementation of weekly quizzes would improve test scores, an experimenter and/or an instrumentation effect may also affect results.
In this study, Øverås et al. (2014) experiment’s had two independent variables. The first independ...
Lee, K., Ashton, M. C., Pozzebon, J. A., Visser, B. A., Bourdage, J. S., & Ogunfowora, B. (2009). Similarity and assumed similarity in personality reports of well-acquainted persons. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 96(2), 460-472. doi:10.1037/a0014059
An experiment was done that asked a Black/African American girl who is smart, this children pointed to the Caucasian
Within this set, the investigators randomized how many trials the participants would complete: 7, 10, or 13. Then, they were giving the chance to do 3 or 6 more trials and were ask to record their results.
Memory is a group of related mental processes that are involved in acquiring, storing, and retrieving information (Hockenberry and Hocenberry page 232). I will be addressing two specific types of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory holds temporary information transferred from sensory memory or long-term memory. Sensory memory is the first stage of memory and obtains information for a brief amount of time. Short-term memory is also called active memory and is stored in the prefrontal cortex which is the most active part of the brain during an activity. Short-term memory can hold information for roughly twenty seconds, but sensory memory holds information for a shorter amount of time. We usually store things such
...e been beneficial to the experiment. An error may have occurred due to the fact that measurements were taken by different individuals, so the calculations could have been inconsistent.
These three groups were then asked to complete three different tasks. The first was to repeat and segment 20 different words (5 consonant-vowel-consonant, 5 CCVC, 5 CVCC, and 5 CCVCC) and two overall scores were administered to the participants. Both scores were out of a maximum of 20 points; the first score was based on giving 1 point for each correctly analyzed word, and the second score was based on giving 1 point for correctly analyzing medial vowels.
The first experiment that DeVoe and House (2012) conducted was to directly test their hypothesis. The procedure of this experiment was to take 53 undergraduate students (32 femal...
Giving the fact that metalinguistic awareness is not a single unit; different aspects of metalinguistic awareness reveal different correlates. While research about lexical awareness supports monolingual superiority (Chin & Wigglesworth, 2007), phonological awareness studies show discrepancy (Adesope et.al, 2010). It follows that not all research findings support bilingual superiority in all metalinguistic aspects. Some, report disadvantage or no difference between monolinguals and bilinguals, despite the fact that null significance is rare because journals interested more in dramatic findings (Bialystok, 2001; Adesope et.al, 2010).
Learning to tie shoes and ride a bike requires the encoding, storing, and retrieving of past observations of the procedure. With a lot of practice, children master these skills so well that they are able to remember them the rest of their lives. Memory is the storing of information over time. It is one of the most important concepts in learning; if things are not remembered, no learning can take place. As a process, memory refers to the "dynamic mechanism associated with the retention and retrieval of information about past experiences" (Sternberg 260). We use our memory about the past to help us understand the present. The study or memory in psychology is used in different ways, as well as there are many different ways to study how memory works in humans. In psychology there are many tasks used to measure memory, and different types of memory storages that human's use, such as sensory storing, or short term storing. There are also a lot of techniques that humans use to improve their memory, which they can use to learn, such as mnemonic devices. All these things can be classified as important issues in the study of human memory and ways of learning.